This is a brief presentation on the topic Cell Mediated Immunity describing how our immune system gets activated in response to any xenobiotic which is different from the mechanism followed by humoral immunity.
Adaptive immunity is an immunity that occurs after exposure to an antigen either from a pathogen or a vaccination. This part of the immune system is activated when the innate immune response is insufficient to control an infection. In fact, without information from the innate immune system, the adaptive response could not be mobilized. There are two types of adaptive responses: the cell-mediated immune response, which is carried out by T cells, and the humoral immune response, which is controlled by activated B cells and antibodies.
Humoral immunity is defined as the immunity mediated by antibodies, which are secreted by B lymphocytes.
B lymphocytes secrete the antibodies into the blood and lymph
By DR. MANPREET KAUR BEHL.
Description of classificaton of immune system, immune cells, HLA, MHC complexes, antigen presentation, t-cell responses and b-cell responses, antibody, isotype switching, hypersenstivity reactions etc.
Adaptive immunity is an immunity that occurs after exposure to an antigen either from a pathogen or a vaccination. This part of the immune system is activated when the innate immune response is insufficient to control an infection. In fact, without information from the innate immune system, the adaptive response could not be mobilized. There are two types of adaptive responses: the cell-mediated immune response, which is carried out by T cells, and the humoral immune response, which is controlled by activated B cells and antibodies.
Humoral immunity is defined as the immunity mediated by antibodies, which are secreted by B lymphocytes.
B lymphocytes secrete the antibodies into the blood and lymph
By DR. MANPREET KAUR BEHL.
Description of classificaton of immune system, immune cells, HLA, MHC complexes, antigen presentation, t-cell responses and b-cell responses, antibody, isotype switching, hypersenstivity reactions etc.
This video is presented by our volunteer Hiruni Sandunika, she is from srilanka, and she is covering sub topics related to Immune system in this video presentation.
Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7QXD874VNM
This video is presented by our volunteer Hiruni Sandunika, she is from srilanka, and she is covering sub topics related to Immune system in this video presentation.
Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7QXD874VNM
Difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity Dr. ihsan edan abdulkar...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Describes the basic properties and mechanisms of T cells and B cells in maintaining Immune Response against foreign antigens or infections and covers the UG and PG portion of immunology.
The immune system has evolved to protect the host from a universe of pathogenic microbes that are themselves constantly evolving. The immune system also helps the host eliminate toxic or allergenic substances that enter our body. It is a host defence system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. The host uses both innate and adaptive mechanisms to detect and eliminate pathogenic foreign bodies. Both of these mechanisms include self-nonself discrimination.
The main parts of the immune system are:
• White Blood Cells
• Antibodies
• Complement System
• Lymphatic System
• Spleen
• Bone Marrow
• Thymus.
Cell-mediated immunity is a type of immune response that involves the activation of specific immune cells to target and destroy infected or abnormal cells.
It is distinct from humoral immunity, which involves the production of antibodies to target foreign substances.
Cell-mediated immunity is important for protecting the body against infectious diseases caused by viruses and intracellular bacteria.
The immune response is initiated when antigen-presenting cells present foreign antigens to T cells, which then become activated and differentiate into effector cells that can recognize and kill infected or abnormal cells.
Cell-mediated immunity also involves the production of cytokines, which help regulate the immune response, and it is involved in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases
Cells involved in immune response by faunafondnessfaunafondness
Content :- Cells involved in immune response
1. Types of immune cells
2. Their production
3. Function of immune cells
4. T-cells, B-cells, Macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Cell Mediated Immunity .pdf
1. Cell Mediated Immunity
Presentedby :-
Nandita Pandey, Roll no: 38 (TY-A)
Shweta Iyer, Roll no: 16 (TY- A)
ST. JOHN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH, PALGHAR 01
02nd Nov, 2020
2. CONTENTS:-
1) Immunity and its types.
2) Introduction to Cell MediatedImmunity.
3) Cells and chemicals involvedin Cell MediatedImmunity.
4) Major HistocompatibilityComplex.
5) Types of Major HistocompatibilityComplex.
6) Mechanism of Cell MediatedImmunity.
7)Mechanismof Cytotoxic Cell MediatedImmune Response.
8)Role of Cell MediatedImmunity in Organ Transplant.
9) References.
02nd Nov, 2020 ST.JOHN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH, PALGHAR 02
3. ❑ IMMUNITY
Immunity is defined as the
ability of an organism to resist
the invasion of pathogens and
thus limit their growth inside
the body by using various
antibodies produced in
response to the foreign
antigen.
Immunity is basically divided
into two main types:-
1) Innate /Inborn/Non-specific
immunity.
2)Acquired/Adaptive/Specific
immunity.
02nd
02nd Nov, 2020 ST.JOHN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH, PALGHAR 03
4. What is Cell Mediated Immunity?
▪ Cell mediated immunity is defined as an immune respone that does not involve any direct
production of antibodies “directly” to stimulate immune response rather it involves use of
various immune cells primarily, T cells (T helper cells), cytotoxic T cells (NK cells),
Macrophages/ Dendritic cells/B cells - as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) and also other
chemicals like the various interleukins.
▪ The immune response in cell mediated immunity occurs inside the cells, it do not involve body
fluids like the blood or lymph which is outside the cell.
02nd Nov, 2020 ST.JOHN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH, PALGHAR 04
5. CELLS AND
CHEMICALS
INVOVLED IN
CELL
MEDAITED
IMMUNITY
➢ T-Cells: T cells are the primary and the most important cells which
initiate and mediate cell mediated immunity.
➢ Antigen Presenting Cells (APC): Macrophages, dendritic cells and B
cells are called as antigen presenting cells who present antigen to the
T cells.
➢ B-Cells: B cells are those cells which mature into plasma cells and
produce antibodies essential to eliminate the pathogen/microbe from
the body.
➢ CD4 cells: T helper cells are also called as CD4 cells they costimulate
the immune response.
➢ CD8 cells: Cytotoxic T cells (Natural killer cells) are also called as CD8
cells and their action is to kill the pathogen.
➢ Interleukins: Various interleukins such as IL-12, IL-4, IL-5, IL-1, IL-
2,etc play a major role in stimulating other immune cells and thus are
responsible for eliciting a stronger immune response.
➢ Interferon gamma: Interferon gamma are secreted by activated T cells
and NK cells, promote macrophage activation, enhance antigen
presentation, and mediate antiviral and antibacterial immunity.
02nd Nov, 2020 ST.JOHN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH, PALGHAR 05
7. ❖MAJORHISTOCOMPATIBILTYCOMPLEX(MHC):Major histocompatibility complex are the transmembrane
glycoproteins present on the plasma membrane of each and every cell.
❖Antigen presentation by MHC proteins is essential for adaptive immunity.
❖The basic and the important function of MHC proteins is to help T cells recognize that an ANTIGEN IS
FOREIGN, and NOT SELF.
❖Thus, MHC proteins is like a mentor/guide of the T cells who informs, ensures and guides T cells that
the antigen against which the T cells are going to elicit an immune response is not body’s own healthy
cells and instead are the foreign pathogens.
❖In this way, MHCs protects the body against foreign pathogens but at the same time ensures that
body’s own healthy self cells are protected and not attacked by T cells, thus preventing life threatening
conditions like AUNTOIMMUNE DISORDERS.
02nd Nov, 2020 ST.JOHN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH, PALGHAR 07
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX
8. TYPES OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEXES
Class I MHCs
Present on all
the cells of the
body, except
RBCs
Cytotoxic T
cells involved,
Cytotoxic
action
exhibited
Class II MHCs
Present ONLY
ON ANTIGEN
PRESENTING
CELLS i.e.
macrophages,
dendritic cells
and B cells
Helper T cells
are involved –
Cell Mediated
Immunity
02nd Nov, 2020 ST.JOHN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH, PALGHAR 08
9. Cell Mediated Immunity - Mechanism in general for
both cytotoxic-T cell and Helper-T cell
02nd Nov, 2020 ST.JOHN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH, PALGHAR 09
10. Cell Mediated Immunity - Helper-T cell
02nd Nov, 2020 ST.JOHN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH, PALGHAR 10
11. Cell Mediated Immunity - Cytotoxic-T cell
02nd Nov, 2020 ST.JOHN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH, PALGHAR 11
