Cell lines are established cell cultures that can proliferate indefinitely in vitro. They are used in basic research and early drug development studies. Cell lines are categorized as finite or continuous based on their lifespan. Finite cell lines have limited proliferation while continuous cell lines can proliferate indefinitely. Characterization of cell lines is important to determine their species of origin, tissue of origin, and genetic stability. Common cell lines used in research include human cell lines like HeLa, mouse cell lines like 3T3 fibroblasts, and rat cell lines. Cell lines are useful for investigating disease pathways and developing therapies.

3.  Cell lines are established proliferating cell
in culture derived from various organs and
sources used in basic research & early stage
drug development studies.
 The choice of appropriate cell lines
depends on the organism of study, the
disease investigated & the tissue or organ.

4.  A cell line is a permanently established cell
culture that will proliferate indefinitely given
appropriate fresh medium & space.
 Some species, particularly rodents, give rise to
line relatively easily where as other species do
not.
 No cell lines have produced from avian tissues
& the establishment of cell lines from human
tissue is difficult.

5. On the basic of the life span of culture, the cell lines
are categorized into two types
(a) Finite cell lines
(b) Continuous cell lines
(a) Finite cell lines
 The cell lines which have a limited life span & go
through a limited number of cell generations are
known as finite cell lines
 The growth rate is slow & doubling time is around
24-96 hours

6. (b) Continuous cell lines
 Cell lines are transformed under laboratory
conditions or in vitro culture conditions give rise
to continuous cell lines.
 The cell lines show the property of ploidy
absence of contact, inhibition & anchorage
dependence.
 The growth rate is rapid & doubling time is
around 12-24 hours.

7.  American type culture collection (ATCC)
maintain a large number of cell lines
acquired from their originators.
 Freeze preservation of animals cells is
now routine in all cell line bank.
 A cryoprotective agent like DMSO or
glycerol is generally added to minimise
injury to cells during freezing &
thawing.

8.  Cell culture are used for obtaining useful
product like biochemical's (Interferon,
interleukins, hormones, enzymes antibodies,
etc.)
 The scaling up of cell culture may be-
(a) Monolayer culture
(b) Suspension culture
(c) Immobilized culture

9.  When the bottom of the
culture vessel is covered
with a continuous layer of
cells, usually one cell in
thickness, they are referred
to as monolayer cultures.
 Monolayer cultures are
essential for anchorage
dependent cells scaling up
of such culture is based on
increasing the available
surface area by using plate
spirals, ceramics & micro
carriers.

10. (b) Suspension culture
 Majority of continuous
cell lines grow as
monolayer.
 Some of the cell and
which are non-adhesive
e.g., cells of leukemia
or certain cells which
can be mechanically
kept in suspension, can
be propagated in
suspension

11.  The immobilized whole cell system is an alternative to
enzyme immobilization.
 Unlike enzyme immobilization where the enzyme is
attached to a solid support (such as calcium alginate or
activated PVA or activated PEI) in immobilized whole
cell system the target cell is immobilized.

12. Characterization of cell line is vital for
determining its functionality & is proving its
authenticity as pure cell line.
1. It is confirmation of the species of origin.
2. It is used for correction with the tissue of
origin.
3. It indicates whether the cell line is prone to
genetic instability & phenotypic variation.

13. Various types of cell lines are used in
biomedical research . The following various cell
lines are….
1. Human Cell lines
2. Mouse Cell lines
3. Rat Cell lines
4. Other Species Cell lines

14.  Human Cell lines are
immortalized Cells
propagated in vitro
from primary explants
of human tissue or
body field.
 All human Cell lines
must be handled as
potential biohazards
unless characterized
by blood born
pathogen.

15. 1. Hela Cell lines
A extremely widely
used human Cell line
isolated from a cervical
cancer, probably derived
from epithelial Cells.
2. Jurkat
A human T-
lymphocyte Cell line
isolated from a case of
leukemia.

16. 3. MCF-7 MDA-MB-438 –T47D
Breast Cancer Cell line
4. DU145 , Lncap & PC3
Prostate Cancer Cell line
5. HEK293 Cells
Derived from aborted human Fetal Cell & virus
6. SHSY5Y
Human Neuroblastoma Cell, Cloned from a myeloma
7. Saos-2-Cells
Bone Cancer line
8. KBM-7 Cells
Chronic myelogenous leukemia

17.  Mouse Cell lines are established from mouse that
originates from liver, neural segment, blood,
tumorgenic cell & fibroblasts
 3T3- A mouse fibroblast Cell line derived from a
spontaneous mutation in cultured mouse embryo
tissue.
 Many of the mouse cell lines offered contain a
knockout gene or a resistance to antibiotics.

18.  A new Cell line , designated UHKBR-01 , was
successfully established from a 7,12,- di methyl
ben 30 anthracene (DMBA) induced rat mammary
tumor.
 Which presents unique characteristics that may
prove to be a good experimental model for
investigating breast cancer biology.

19.  Zebra fish ZF4 & A B9 Cells.
 Madin– Darby Canine kidney (MDCK)
epithelial Cell line.
 Xenopus A6 Kidney epithelial Cells.

20. Cell lines are often used in biomedical research
to investigate disease pathways & therapies.
 Detection of tumor necrosis factor.
 Detection technique in acute leukemia.
 Cell based bio assay for the detection of neutralizing
antibodies (NAB)
 Anti cancer drug discovery & Role of Cell Based
Screening.
 Identifying Unique Marker chromosome in tumor
Cells.