Mixed species forest plantations can provide both economic and ecological benefits over monoculture plantations. Mixing tree species that utilize resources in complementary ways through differences in canopy structure, rooting depths, or phenology can increase overall stand productivity. Facilitative interactions between species that improve environmental conditions or resource availability can also boost yields. However, mixed plantations require matching species combinations to site conditions and managing complex inter-species interactions to realize potential benefits over simpler monoculture systems. More research is still needed to better understand mixed plantation dynamics and help optimize species selections and layouts for different goals and locations.