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Suppositories are solid dosage forms used to administer medication through body cavities like the rectum, vagina, or urethra. They melt or dissolve at body temperature to deliver drugs locally or systemically. Rectal suppositories are tapered at one or both ends and weigh around 2 grams for adults and 1 gram for infants. Vaginal suppositories come in various shapes and weigh 3-5 grams, often using water-soluble bases. Urethral suppositories are pencil-shaped and longer for males. Suppositories use stable, non-irritating bases that dissolve in the intended cavity. They are prepared using hand-molding or fusion methods and require skill to produce properly sized and shaped
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Suppositories
A suppository is a solid dosage form in which one or more APIs are dispersed in a suitable base and molded or otherwise formed into a suitable shape for insertion into the rectum to provide local or systemic effect
cocoa butter based suppository formulation
This document discusses suppository formulation and manufacture. It describes the different types of suppository bases including oleaginous, glycerinated gelatin, PEG polymers, and surfactants. It also covers topics like tempering cocoa butter, fat bloom, insoluble and soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, drug absorption from oral versus rectal administration, and conclusions about preferred suppository bases.
Suppository
This document defines suppositories as cone-shaped solids or semi-solids intended for insertion into body orifices like the rectum, vagina, or urethra. Suppositories melt or dissolve in the body, releasing medication locally or systemically. Ideal suppository bases melt at body temperature, are non-toxic, compatible with medications, and release the drug readily while being easy to handle and stable over time. The document discusses rectal, urethral, and vaginal suppositories and the advantages of avoiding first-pass metabolism. It provides steps for properly administering a rectal suppository including positioning, lubricating, gently inserting the suppository, and post-procedure care.
Suppositories
This document discusses suppositories and pessaries. It defines them as solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body cavities like the rectum and vagina. Suppositories are designed to melt or dissolve at body temperature to release their active ingredients. The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various suppository bases, including fatty bases like cocoa butter and synthetic fats, as well as water soluble bases like glycero-gelatin and macrogols. It also covers topics like rectal physiology, blood circulation, shapes, sizes, and formulation challenges of suppositories.
Suppository formulation overview
This document discusses suppository formulation and manufacture. It begins by defining suppositories and their uses in the rectum, vagina, and urethra. It then discusses the typical shapes and weights of suppositories for different orifices. The main types of suppository bases are described - water insoluble oleaginous bases like cocoa butter and water soluble bases like glycerinated gelatin and polyethylene glycol. Cocoa butter properties and processing methods like tempering are explained in detail. Surfactant use in suppositories and their effects are covered. The document concludes with a discussion of drug and base solubility considerations and drug absorption from different administration routes.
Suppository
The document discusses suppositories, which are solid dosage forms meant to be inserted into body cavities like the rectum or vagina to release drugs locally or systemically. Suppositories are semi-solid preparations made by melting ingredients like bases and drugs together. The main types include rectal, urethral, vaginal, and nasal suppositories, which vary in shape, weight and intended cavity. The document outlines the formulation of suppositories including ideal properties of bases, examples of hydrophilic and lipophilic bases, and other additives like antioxidants and emulsifying agents.
Suppositories
Rectal, vaginal, nasal, urethral, and ear suppositories are described. Suppository bases include fatty bases like cocoa butter, water soluble bases like glycerol gelatin, and emulsifying bases. Suppositories are prepared by molding, compression, or hand rolling and are packaged and stored properly. Suppositories can deliver drugs locally or systemically and are useful when oral administration is not possible. Pessaries are larger vaginal suppositories.
Suppository
This document defines suppositories as solid or semi-solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body orifices like the rectum, vagina, or urethra. Suppositories are classified by their route of administration and melt or dissolve in the body to exert local or systemic effects. Ideal suppository bases melt at body temperature, are non-toxic, compatible with drugs, and release drugs readily while being easy to handle and stable during storage and molding. The document discusses various suppository bases, preparation methods, packaging, and commercial products.
Recommended
Suppositories
A suppository is a solid dosage form in which one or more APIs are dispersed in a suitable base and molded or otherwise formed into a suitable shape for insertion into the rectum to provide local or systemic effect
cocoa butter based suppository formulation
This document discusses suppository formulation and manufacture. It describes the different types of suppository bases including oleaginous, glycerinated gelatin, PEG polymers, and surfactants. It also covers topics like tempering cocoa butter, fat bloom, insoluble and soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, drug absorption from oral versus rectal administration, and conclusions about preferred suppository bases.
Suppository
This document defines suppositories as cone-shaped solids or semi-solids intended for insertion into body orifices like the rectum, vagina, or urethra. Suppositories melt or dissolve in the body, releasing medication locally or systemically. Ideal suppository bases melt at body temperature, are non-toxic, compatible with medications, and release the drug readily while being easy to handle and stable over time. The document discusses rectal, urethral, and vaginal suppositories and the advantages of avoiding first-pass metabolism. It provides steps for properly administering a rectal suppository including positioning, lubricating, gently inserting the suppository, and post-procedure care.
Suppositories
This document discusses suppositories and pessaries. It defines them as solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body cavities like the rectum and vagina. Suppositories are designed to melt or dissolve at body temperature to release their active ingredients. The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various suppository bases, including fatty bases like cocoa butter and synthetic fats, as well as water soluble bases like glycero-gelatin and macrogols. It also covers topics like rectal physiology, blood circulation, shapes, sizes, and formulation challenges of suppositories.
Suppository formulation overview
This document discusses suppository formulation and manufacture. It begins by defining suppositories and their uses in the rectum, vagina, and urethra. It then discusses the typical shapes and weights of suppositories for different orifices. The main types of suppository bases are described - water insoluble oleaginous bases like cocoa butter and water soluble bases like glycerinated gelatin and polyethylene glycol. Cocoa butter properties and processing methods like tempering are explained in detail. Surfactant use in suppositories and their effects are covered. The document concludes with a discussion of drug and base solubility considerations and drug absorption from different administration routes.
Suppository
The document discusses suppositories, which are solid dosage forms meant to be inserted into body cavities like the rectum or vagina to release drugs locally or systemically. Suppositories are semi-solid preparations made by melting ingredients like bases and drugs together. The main types include rectal, urethral, vaginal, and nasal suppositories, which vary in shape, weight and intended cavity. The document outlines the formulation of suppositories including ideal properties of bases, examples of hydrophilic and lipophilic bases, and other additives like antioxidants and emulsifying agents.
Suppositories
Rectal, vaginal, nasal, urethral, and ear suppositories are described. Suppository bases include fatty bases like cocoa butter, water soluble bases like glycerol gelatin, and emulsifying bases. Suppositories are prepared by molding, compression, or hand rolling and are packaged and stored properly. Suppositories can deliver drugs locally or systemically and are useful when oral administration is not possible. Pessaries are larger vaginal suppositories.
Suppository
This document defines suppositories as solid or semi-solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body orifices like the rectum, vagina, or urethra. Suppositories are classified by their route of administration and melt or dissolve in the body to exert local or systemic effects. Ideal suppository bases melt at body temperature, are non-toxic, compatible with drugs, and release drugs readily while being easy to handle and stable during storage and molding. The document discusses various suppository bases, preparation methods, packaging, and commercial products.
Suppositories
This document summarizes suppositories, including what they are, their advantages and disadvantages, and how they are prepared. Suppositories are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body cavities where they melt and exert localized or systemic effects. Their advantages include avoiding first-pass metabolism and providing localized action. Common bases used are cocoa butter, glycerogelatin, and polyethylene glycol. Suppositories can be prepared via hand rolling, fusion, or cold compression methods. The displacement value determines the amount of base displaced by the drug.
Cocoa butter based suppository formulation
Rectal suppositories are bullet shaped and weigh about 2 grams for adults and 1 gram for children. Vaginal suppositories are oval or globular shaped and weigh 3 to 5 grams. Cocoa butter and triglycerides are commonly used suppository bases that require tempering to control crystal formation. Surfactants can be added to inhibit fat bloom on the suppository surface and potentially enhance drug absorption, though they may also irritate mucous membranes with prolonged use. The drug absorption route depends on whether the suppository is administered rectally or vaginally.
Suppositaries
Definition of Suppository, Methods of preparation of suppository, storage conditions of suppository, advantages and disadvantages of suppository.
Pharmaceutical suppositories
A suppository is a drug delivery system that is inserted into the rectum (rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal suppository) or urethra (urethral suppository), where it dissolves or melts and is absorbed into the blood stream. They are used to deliver both systemically and locally acting medications.
Suppositories
This document summarizes suppositories as solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body cavities where they melt and exert local or systemic effects. It describes the different types of suppositories based on their shape and size for various cavities. Suppository bases are discussed including fatty, water soluble, and emulsifying bases. Cocoa butter and glycerinated gelatin are commonly used bases. The advantages of the suppository route include targeting specific areas, use for patients who cannot swallow, and protecting unstable or irritating drugs. Production methods like hand moulding, hot process, and cold compression are covered. References on industrial pharmacy textbooks are provided at the end.
suppostories by A B Walikar
Suppositories are solid dosage forms meant to be inserted into body cavities like the rectum, urethra, and vagina to release drugs locally or systemically. This document classifies suppositories based on their site of insertion and discusses their ideal properties, common bases used, and methods of preparation. The main types are rectal, vaginal, urethral, nasal, and ear suppositories. Common bases include glycerinated gelatin, polyethylene glycols, and cocoa butter, which must meet requirements like melting point and toxicity. Preparation involves mixing the drug with the base and molding or allowing it to solidify.
P R E P A R A T I O N O F S U P P O S I T O R I E S
There are three main methods for preparing suppositories: molding, compression, and hand rolling and shaping. For molding, the base material is melted and mixed with any medicaments before being poured into molds. Cocoa butter, glycerinated gelatin, and polyethylene glycol are suitable bases for molding. Molds come in various sizes and shapes. Compression involves forcing a mixed mass of base and medicaments into molds using suppository making machines. Compression is suited for heat-labile or insoluble substances. Hand rolling is a historic method but molds are now more commonly used.
Suppositories
Rectal, vaginal, urethral, nasal, and ear suppositories are semisolid dosage forms for insertion into body orifices other than the mouth. Suppositories have various shapes and weights depending on their intended orifice and patient population. Common suppository bases include fatty bases like theobroma oil and water soluble bases like glycero-gelatin, which allow suppositories to melt at body temperature for drug release. Suppositories can be used for both local and systemic drug delivery.
Suppository
This document discusses suppositories, including:
- Suppositories are solid dosage forms meant to be inserted into body cavities like the rectum, vagina, urethra, nose, and ear to release drugs locally or systemically.
- They are classified based on the cavity they are meant for, like rectal, vaginal, urethral, nasal, and ear suppositories.
- Ideal suppository bases melt at body temperature, are non-toxic, chemically inert, and compatible with drugs. Common bases include fatty bases like cocoa butter and emulsifying bases like Witepsol.
- Suppositories have advantages like easy administration and avoidance of first-pass metabolism, but also disadvantages
suppositories
The document discusses suppositories, which are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body cavities like the rectum, vagina, or urethra. Suppositories melt or dissolve at body temperature to exert localized or systemic effects. They avoid first-pass metabolism and provide rapid drug delivery. Common types include rectal, vaginal, and urethral suppositories. Suppository bases must meet requirements like maintaining shape and melting point. Common bases include cocoa butter, glycerogelatin, and polyethylene glycol. Suppositories are prepared by various methods like hand rolling, fusion, and cold compression to incorporate drugs.
suppositories
This document provides information on suppositories, including their advantages and types. It discusses various suppository bases such as cocoa butter, emulsified cocoa butter, hydrogenated oils, and water soluble bases. The document describes the preparation of suppositories using the fusion method as well as evaluation methods for suppositories such as weight variation, melting range, and dissolution testing. Rectal, vaginal, and other types of suppositories are covered in detail in terms of their shape, weight and intended use.
Formulation development of semisolid dosage forms
This document discusses the formulation development process for semisolid dosage forms. It covers topics such as preparing the oil and aqueous phases, mixing the phases using different equipment like sigma mixers and colloidal mills, cooling the emulsion, adding perfumes and drugs, storing the product, and transferring it for packaging. Maintaining sterile conditions during manufacturing and packaging is also emphasized.
Suppositories SB 2020
Rectal suppositories are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into the rectum. They contain a medicated ingredient incorporated into a base such as cocoa butter or PEG that melts or dissolves at body temperature, allowing the ingredient to be absorbed. Suppositories can be used to produce local effects in the rectum or systemic effects throughout the body. The ideal suppository base is non-irritating, compatible with drugs, and melts at body temperature to release the medication.
The systemic action of suppositories
The document discusses suppositories, including their systemic action through absorption in the rectum and vagina, advantages over oral therapy such as bypassing liver metabolism, and example drugs administered this way like prochlorperazine. It describes ideal suppository bases like cocoa butter that melt at body temperature and classifications including fatty, water-soluble, and miscellaneous bases. Specific bases like cocoa butter and glycerol gelatin are explained in detail, along with their characteristics, production methods, and issues like cocoa butter polymorphism.
Suppositories and pessaries
Suppositories are solid or semi-solid dosage forms that are inserted into body cavities like the rectum, vagina, or nose. They have several advantages including ease of administration for certain patients and avoidance of first-pass metabolism. Suppositories are classified based on the cavity they are inserted into and include rectal, vaginal, nasal, urethral, and ear suppositories. They are prepared using methods like rolling, fusion, or compression and involve incorporating medications into a suppository base before molding and cooling. Proper storage, labeling, and container selection is important after preparation.
Capsules
1.Introduction
2.Gelatin
3.Hard Gelatin Capsule (HGC)
4.Soft Gelatin Capsule (SGC)
5.Difference between HGC & SGC
6.Capsule shell
7.Evaluation of capsules
8.Package & storage of capsule
Pharmaceutical excipient
An excipient is a pharmacologically inactive/ inert substance formulated alongside the active pharmaceutical ingredient of a medication. Drug products contain both drug substance (commonly referred to as active pharmaceutical ingredient or API) and excipients.
Diluent ppt
Diluents are fillers used to increase the bulk and size of tablet products. They reduce the consistency of coatings to allow for easy flow. Common diluents include water, paint thinner, kerosene, and benzene. There are two types of diluents based on chemical nature and solubility. Diluents enhance bulkiness, cohesion, and flow while allowing for direct compression manufacturing. Commonly used tablet diluents include lactose, starch, cellulose, and sugars. Selection depends on compatibility, flowability, and stability. Diluents can affect API degradation, hardness, and capping. Dilution is calculated using the formula C1V1=C2V2, where
Semi solid dosage form
This document discusses formulation development of semisolid dosage forms. It describes the ideal properties of semisolids and different types of semisolid bases used in formulations. The key bases mentioned include oleaginous bases, absorbent bases, emulsion bases and water soluble bases. Various methods for preparing semisolids like ointments, creams and pastes are outlined. The document also discusses preparation of oil and aqueous phases, importance of homogenization and controlling factors like temperature, time and mechanical work in emulsion manufacturing.
Enteric coating
An enteric coating is a polymer coating applied to oral medications to protect acid-sensitive drugs from dissolving in the stomach. Enteric coatings are insoluble in low pH environments but dissolve in the higher pH of the small intestine. This allows drugs to pass through the stomach intact and be released and absorbed in the intestines. Common polymers used for enteric coatings include cellulose acetate phthalate, acrylic polymers like Eudragit, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate. Enteric coatings help improve drug stability, absorption, and prevent gastric irritation.
Preparation of suppository
This document describes three methods for preparing suppositories: molding, compression, and hand rolling and shaping. Molding involves melting the base, adding any medication, pouring the melt into molds, allowing it to cool and harden, and removing the formed suppositories. Compression uses a machine to compress a mixture of base and ingredients into shaped suppositories. Hand rolling is the oldest method and involves mixing medication into a base, rolling it into rods by hand, cutting the rods, and shaping the pieces. Each method has advantages like simplicity or avoiding heating, and disadvantages like possible air entrapment or requiring special skills.
Preparations of suppository
This document discusses four methods for manufacturing suppositories: hand rolling, compression molding, fusion molding, and automatic molding. Hand rolling is the oldest and simplest method, involving mixing the drug powder into a suppository base and manually rolling it into rods that are then cut. Compression molding compresses the drug-base mixture into molds using a machine. Fusion molding involves melting the base, adding the drug, and pouring the mixture into molds. Automatic molding is the modern method using a machine to completely mold suppositories at high volumes.
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Suppositories
This document summarizes suppositories, including what they are, their advantages and disadvantages, and how they are prepared. Suppositories are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body cavities where they melt and exert localized or systemic effects. Their advantages include avoiding first-pass metabolism and providing localized action. Common bases used are cocoa butter, glycerogelatin, and polyethylene glycol. Suppositories can be prepared via hand rolling, fusion, or cold compression methods. The displacement value determines the amount of base displaced by the drug.
Cocoa butter based suppository formulation
Rectal suppositories are bullet shaped and weigh about 2 grams for adults and 1 gram for children. Vaginal suppositories are oval or globular shaped and weigh 3 to 5 grams. Cocoa butter and triglycerides are commonly used suppository bases that require tempering to control crystal formation. Surfactants can be added to inhibit fat bloom on the suppository surface and potentially enhance drug absorption, though they may also irritate mucous membranes with prolonged use. The drug absorption route depends on whether the suppository is administered rectally or vaginally.
Suppositaries
Definition of Suppository, Methods of preparation of suppository, storage conditions of suppository, advantages and disadvantages of suppository.
Pharmaceutical suppositories
A suppository is a drug delivery system that is inserted into the rectum (rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal suppository) or urethra (urethral suppository), where it dissolves or melts and is absorbed into the blood stream. They are used to deliver both systemically and locally acting medications.
Suppositories
This document summarizes suppositories as solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body cavities where they melt and exert local or systemic effects. It describes the different types of suppositories based on their shape and size for various cavities. Suppository bases are discussed including fatty, water soluble, and emulsifying bases. Cocoa butter and glycerinated gelatin are commonly used bases. The advantages of the suppository route include targeting specific areas, use for patients who cannot swallow, and protecting unstable or irritating drugs. Production methods like hand moulding, hot process, and cold compression are covered. References on industrial pharmacy textbooks are provided at the end.
suppostories by A B Walikar
Suppositories are solid dosage forms meant to be inserted into body cavities like the rectum, urethra, and vagina to release drugs locally or systemically. This document classifies suppositories based on their site of insertion and discusses their ideal properties, common bases used, and methods of preparation. The main types are rectal, vaginal, urethral, nasal, and ear suppositories. Common bases include glycerinated gelatin, polyethylene glycols, and cocoa butter, which must meet requirements like melting point and toxicity. Preparation involves mixing the drug with the base and molding or allowing it to solidify.
P R E P A R A T I O N O F S U P P O S I T O R I E S
There are three main methods for preparing suppositories: molding, compression, and hand rolling and shaping. For molding, the base material is melted and mixed with any medicaments before being poured into molds. Cocoa butter, glycerinated gelatin, and polyethylene glycol are suitable bases for molding. Molds come in various sizes and shapes. Compression involves forcing a mixed mass of base and medicaments into molds using suppository making machines. Compression is suited for heat-labile or insoluble substances. Hand rolling is a historic method but molds are now more commonly used.
Suppositories
Rectal, vaginal, urethral, nasal, and ear suppositories are semisolid dosage forms for insertion into body orifices other than the mouth. Suppositories have various shapes and weights depending on their intended orifice and patient population. Common suppository bases include fatty bases like theobroma oil and water soluble bases like glycero-gelatin, which allow suppositories to melt at body temperature for drug release. Suppositories can be used for both local and systemic drug delivery.
Suppository
This document discusses suppositories, including:
- Suppositories are solid dosage forms meant to be inserted into body cavities like the rectum, vagina, urethra, nose, and ear to release drugs locally or systemically.
- They are classified based on the cavity they are meant for, like rectal, vaginal, urethral, nasal, and ear suppositories.
- Ideal suppository bases melt at body temperature, are non-toxic, chemically inert, and compatible with drugs. Common bases include fatty bases like cocoa butter and emulsifying bases like Witepsol.
- Suppositories have advantages like easy administration and avoidance of first-pass metabolism, but also disadvantages
suppositories
The document discusses suppositories, which are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body cavities like the rectum, vagina, or urethra. Suppositories melt or dissolve at body temperature to exert localized or systemic effects. They avoid first-pass metabolism and provide rapid drug delivery. Common types include rectal, vaginal, and urethral suppositories. Suppository bases must meet requirements like maintaining shape and melting point. Common bases include cocoa butter, glycerogelatin, and polyethylene glycol. Suppositories are prepared by various methods like hand rolling, fusion, and cold compression to incorporate drugs.
suppositories
This document provides information on suppositories, including their advantages and types. It discusses various suppository bases such as cocoa butter, emulsified cocoa butter, hydrogenated oils, and water soluble bases. The document describes the preparation of suppositories using the fusion method as well as evaluation methods for suppositories such as weight variation, melting range, and dissolution testing. Rectal, vaginal, and other types of suppositories are covered in detail in terms of their shape, weight and intended use.
Formulation development of semisolid dosage forms
This document discusses the formulation development process for semisolid dosage forms. It covers topics such as preparing the oil and aqueous phases, mixing the phases using different equipment like sigma mixers and colloidal mills, cooling the emulsion, adding perfumes and drugs, storing the product, and transferring it for packaging. Maintaining sterile conditions during manufacturing and packaging is also emphasized.
Suppositories SB 2020
Rectal suppositories are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into the rectum. They contain a medicated ingredient incorporated into a base such as cocoa butter or PEG that melts or dissolves at body temperature, allowing the ingredient to be absorbed. Suppositories can be used to produce local effects in the rectum or systemic effects throughout the body. The ideal suppository base is non-irritating, compatible with drugs, and melts at body temperature to release the medication.
The systemic action of suppositories
The document discusses suppositories, including their systemic action through absorption in the rectum and vagina, advantages over oral therapy such as bypassing liver metabolism, and example drugs administered this way like prochlorperazine. It describes ideal suppository bases like cocoa butter that melt at body temperature and classifications including fatty, water-soluble, and miscellaneous bases. Specific bases like cocoa butter and glycerol gelatin are explained in detail, along with their characteristics, production methods, and issues like cocoa butter polymorphism.
Suppositories and pessaries
Suppositories are solid or semi-solid dosage forms that are inserted into body cavities like the rectum, vagina, or nose. They have several advantages including ease of administration for certain patients and avoidance of first-pass metabolism. Suppositories are classified based on the cavity they are inserted into and include rectal, vaginal, nasal, urethral, and ear suppositories. They are prepared using methods like rolling, fusion, or compression and involve incorporating medications into a suppository base before molding and cooling. Proper storage, labeling, and container selection is important after preparation.
Capsules
1.Introduction
2.Gelatin
3.Hard Gelatin Capsule (HGC)
4.Soft Gelatin Capsule (SGC)
5.Difference between HGC & SGC
6.Capsule shell
7.Evaluation of capsules
8.Package & storage of capsule
Pharmaceutical excipient
An excipient is a pharmacologically inactive/ inert substance formulated alongside the active pharmaceutical ingredient of a medication. Drug products contain both drug substance (commonly referred to as active pharmaceutical ingredient or API) and excipients.
Diluent ppt
Diluents are fillers used to increase the bulk and size of tablet products. They reduce the consistency of coatings to allow for easy flow. Common diluents include water, paint thinner, kerosene, and benzene. There are two types of diluents based on chemical nature and solubility. Diluents enhance bulkiness, cohesion, and flow while allowing for direct compression manufacturing. Commonly used tablet diluents include lactose, starch, cellulose, and sugars. Selection depends on compatibility, flowability, and stability. Diluents can affect API degradation, hardness, and capping. Dilution is calculated using the formula C1V1=C2V2, where
Semi solid dosage form
This document discusses formulation development of semisolid dosage forms. It describes the ideal properties of semisolids and different types of semisolid bases used in formulations. The key bases mentioned include oleaginous bases, absorbent bases, emulsion bases and water soluble bases. Various methods for preparing semisolids like ointments, creams and pastes are outlined. The document also discusses preparation of oil and aqueous phases, importance of homogenization and controlling factors like temperature, time and mechanical work in emulsion manufacturing.
Enteric coating
An enteric coating is a polymer coating applied to oral medications to protect acid-sensitive drugs from dissolving in the stomach. Enteric coatings are insoluble in low pH environments but dissolve in the higher pH of the small intestine. This allows drugs to pass through the stomach intact and be released and absorbed in the intestines. Common polymers used for enteric coatings include cellulose acetate phthalate, acrylic polymers like Eudragit, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate. Enteric coatings help improve drug stability, absorption, and prevent gastric irritation.
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This document describes three methods for preparing suppositories: molding, compression, and hand rolling and shaping. Molding involves melting the base, adding any medication, pouring the melt into molds, allowing it to cool and harden, and removing the formed suppositories. Compression uses a machine to compress a mixture of base and ingredients into shaped suppositories. Hand rolling is the oldest method and involves mixing medication into a base, rolling it into rods by hand, cutting the rods, and shaping the pieces. Each method has advantages like simplicity or avoiding heating, and disadvantages like possible air entrapment or requiring special skills.
Preparations of suppository
This document discusses four methods for manufacturing suppositories: hand rolling, compression molding, fusion molding, and automatic molding. Hand rolling is the oldest and simplest method, involving mixing the drug powder into a suppository base and manually rolling it into rods that are then cut. Compression molding compresses the drug-base mixture into molds using a machine. Fusion molding involves melting the base, adding the drug, and pouring the mixture into molds. Automatic molding is the modern method using a machine to completely mold suppositories at high volumes.
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This document provides information on suppositories, including:
1. Suppositories are solid dosage forms inserted into body cavities like the rectum, vagina, or nasal cavity to release medication. They are formulated to melt or dissolve in cavity fluids.
2. Common suppository bases include cocoa butter, gelatin, polyethylene glycols, and emulsifying bases. Ideal bases melt at body temperature, release medication readily, and are non-irritating.
3. Suppositories are prepared using molds, with bases melted and medication incorporated before pouring into lubricated molds. Suppositories are then removed after cooling and may be evaluated for uniform weight and content uniformity.
Herbal formulations
This document discusses herbal formulations, including types such as herbal syrups, herbal mixtures, and tablets. It provides details on preparing herbal syrups, including using equal proportions of herbal infusions/decoctions and honey or sugar. Advantages of herbal syrups include masking bad tastes and soothing irritated tissues. The document also discusses novel herbal dosage forms like phytosomes, which are complexes of herbal extracts and phospholipids that can enhance absorption and bioavailability. Methods of preparing phytosomes and evaluating their properties and advantages are provided.
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Pharmaceutical syrups are concentrated aqueous preparations containing 85% sugar or sugar substitute, with or without flavorings and active medicinal substances. They provide an easy to administer oral liquid dosage form. Syrups are prepared through various methods including solution with heat, agitation without heat, addition of sucrose to liquid medicaments, or percolation. They contain components like sweeteners, preservatives, viscosity modifiers, flavorings, and colorants. Syrups offer advantages like suitability for all ages and easy administration but have disadvantages like delayed onset of action and unsuitability for some patients. Proper packaging is also required to ensure the quality and safety of syrup products.
Pharmaceutical Syrup
Pharmaceutical syrups are concentrated aqueous preparations containing 85% sugar or sugar substitute, with or without flavorings and active medicinal substances. They provide an easy to administer oral liquid dosage form. Syrups are prepared through various methods including solution with heat, agitation without heat, addition of sucrose to liquid medicaments, or percolation. They contain components like sweeteners, preservatives, viscosity modifiers, flavorings, and colorants. Syrups offer advantages like suitability for all ages and easy administration but have disadvantages like delayed onset of action and unsuitability for some patients. Proper packaging is also required to ensure the quality and safety of syrup products.
Syrupnew1-140827141820-phpapp01.pptx
Syrup is a concentrated aqueous solution of sugar or a sugar substitute with flavoring and active pharmaceutical ingredients. It is a convenient oral liquid dosage form for children, elderly, and those who cannot swallow solid medications. Syrups are prepared through various methods including solution with heat, agitation without heat, addition of sucrose to liquid medications, or percolation. Key components of syrups include a sweetening agent, preservatives, viscosity modifiers, flavorants, and colorants. Syrups provide advantages like ease of administration but also have disadvantages like delayed drug absorption and inability to avoid first-pass metabolism.
Ch.12 suppositories
Types of Suppositories, uses and examples. Suppository bases, uses and examples. Factors affecting rectal absorption of drugs.
Rectal & vaginal
This document discusses rectal and vaginal dosage forms, including suppositories. It provides details on the physiology of the rectum and vagina, as well as formulations, manufacturing processes, and advantages and disadvantages of various rectal and vaginal dosage forms. Specifically, it describes the components, production processes, and quality control testing for suppositories manufactured via fusion or compression molding on an industrial scale. It also discusses other rectal and vaginal dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, solutions, and capsules.
Tablets
A detailed study on tablets, its classification, excipients, tablet granulation, methods of granulation, compression machines, equipment tooling and the problems that occur during the tablet manufacturing process. This presentation is based on the PCI syllabus for bpharm students of fifth semester.
TABLETS
A detailed study on Tablets which describes about tablets, coating of tablets and then a study on the quality control of tablets. The chapter deals with the minute aspects of tablets and gives us an enlightenment of the solid dosage form which is commonly used all around the world
suppositories.ppt
This document discusses suppositories, including their definition, types, advantages, disadvantages, bases, and methods of preparation. Suppositories are solid medicated preparations designed to melt or dissolve in the rectum or vagina to exert local or systemic effects. There are three main types - rectal, vaginal, and urethral. Advantages include ease of administration to certain patients, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and targeted drug delivery. Disadvantages include potential mucosal irritation, erratic absorption, and embarrassment for patients. Common bases include cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, and emulsifying bases. Suppositories are generally prepared via rolling, fusion, or cold compression methods. Key steps involve lubricating molds, determining
A view of pharmaceutical dosage forms
A brief description of pharmaceutical dosage forms and their route of administration and typical process flow and manufacturing details. It may help new aspirants who wnts to knoiw aboute dosageforms and their administration routes.
PELLETS AND PELLETIZATION TECHNIQUES
Pellets are small, spherical granules typically between 500-1500μm in size. They can be produced through various processes including extrusion-spheronization, suspension layering, and powder layering. Pellets offer benefits over other dosage forms like reduced variability in gastric emptying and plasma drug levels. Excipients used in pellet formulations include binders, fillers, lubricants, and coating agents. Pellets show advantages for swallowing and allow inclusion of incompatible drugs or varied release mechanisms in a single dosage form.
suppositories - presentation slide (ppt)
The document discusses suppositories, which are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body cavities like the rectum, vagina, or urethra. Suppositories melt or dissolve at body temperature to exert localized or systemic effects. They avoid first-pass metabolism and provide rapid drug delivery. Common types include rectal, vaginal, and urethral suppositories. Suppository bases must meet requirements like maintaining shape and melting point. Common bases include cocoa butter, glycerogelatin, and polyethylene glycol. Suppositories are prepared by various methods like hand rolling, fusion, and cold compression.
suppositories.pptx
Suppositories are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body cavities like the rectum, vagina, and urethra. They melt or dissolve at body temperature to exert localized or systemic effects. Some advantages of suppositories include avoiding first-pass metabolism, providing localized or systemic action, and ease of administration to unconscious, pediatric, or geriatric patients. There are different types of suppository bases and methods of preparation depending on the drug and intended effects. Proper selection of bases and preparation techniques is necessary to produce suppositories that safely deliver drugs.
PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPOSITORIES & PESSARIES.ppt
Suppositories and pessaries are both types of medication delivery systems that are designed to be inserted into body orifices for therapeutic purposes. While they serve similar functions, they are used in different parts of the body.
Suppositories:
Usage: Suppositories are typically designed for rectal or vaginal administration.
Composition: They are solid, bullet-shaped or cone-shaped dosage forms that contain medication in a base that melts or dissolves at body temperature.
Rectal Suppositories: Commonly used for medications that need to bypass the digestive system or when a patient cannot take medications orally. They are inserted into the rectum.
Vaginal Suppositories: Often used for localized treatment of gynecological conditions, such as yeast infections or hormonal therapy. They are inserted into the vagina.
Pessaries:
Usage: Pessaries are specifically designed for vaginal administration.
Composition: They are solid, oval-shaped or ring-shaped devices made of various materials such as silicone, rubber, or plastic.
Indications: Pessaries are mainly used to support the uterus, bladder, or rectum in cases of pelvic organ prolapse. However, they can also be used for the controlled release of medication into the vagina for the treatment of local conditions.
Maintenance: Pessaries need to be fitted by a healthcare professional and should be cleaned and reinserted regularly.
PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPOSITORIES & PESSARIES.ppt
Suppositories and pessaries are both types of medication delivery systems that are designed to be inserted into body orifices for therapeutic purposes. While they serve similar functions, they are used in different parts of the body.
Suppositories:
Usage: Suppositories are typically designed for rectal or vaginal administration.
Composition: They are solid, bullet-shaped or cone-shaped dosage forms that contain medication in a base that melts or dissolves at body temperature.
Rectal Suppositories: Commonly used for medications that need to bypass the digestive system or when a patient cannot take medications orally. They are inserted into the rectum.
Vaginal Suppositories: Often used for localized treatment of gynecological conditions, such as yeast infections or hormonal therapy. They are inserted into the vagina.
Pessaries:
Usage: Pessaries are specifically designed for vaginal administration.
Composition: They are solid, oval-shaped or ring-shaped devices made of various materials such as silicone, rubber, or plastic.
Indications: Pessaries are mainly used to support the uterus, bladder, or rectum in cases of pelvic organ prolapse. However, they can also be used for the controlled release of medication into the vagina for the treatment of local conditions.
Maintenance: Pessaries need to be fitted by a healthcare professional and should be cleaned and reinserted regularly.
paracetamol oral medicated jelly_1.pptx
This document provides information on the formulation development of an in-vitro study of paracetamol by oral jelly. It discusses the need to develop an easy to swallow and palatable oral dosage form for pediatric patients. The document outlines the plan to conduct a literature review, select excipients, and perform preformulation studies and characterization on various jelly formulations containing paracetamol. The formulations will be evaluated for physical properties, drug content, viscosity, and dissolution. The results and conclusion will determine the optimal jelly formulation and provide insights on further exploration of oral jellies as a drug delivery system.
Pharmaceutical powder gp A
The document discusses various topics related to pharmaceutical powders including their definition, advantages and disadvantages, methods of production, types (medicated, aerosol, bulk, divided), and characterization techniques. Specifically, it defines powders as intimate mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs and chemicals that can be used internally or externally. It also outlines various comminution, blending, and packaging methods used to produce pharmaceutical powders.
Similar to C:\Documents And Settings\Loretta Conners\My Documents\Rasmussen\Assignments\Unit Dose\Lconners Suppositories 012810 (20)
Suppositories and Pessaries, Semi-solid dosage forms
Suppositories and Pessaries, Semi-solid dosage forms
C:\Documents And Settings\Loretta Conners\My Documents\Rasmussen\Assignments\Unit Dose\Lconners Suppositories 012810
- 1. SUPPOSITORIES TYPES AND DEFINITIONS COMPOSITION AND INGREDIENTS PREPARATION AND COMPOUNDING TECHNIQUES
- 2. TYPES AND DEFINITIONS Solid dosage form used to administer medication by way of the rectum, vagina, or urethral tract Melt or undergo dissolution at body temperature, delivering needed drug either locally or systemically
- 3. Rectal Suppositories Tapered at either one end or both Adult suppositories weigh approximately 2 grams and are from 1 to 1-1/2 inch long Infant suppositories are half the size of adult suppositories
- 4. Vaginal Suppositories Available in a variety of shapes Usually weigh 3 to 5 grams each Made from water soluble bases such as polyethylene glycols or glycerinated gelatin Another form is a compressed tablet, also known as an insert
- 5. Urethral Suppositories Pencil shaped with a 5 mm diameter Urethral suppository for a female is 50 mm in length and weighs approximately 2 grams Urethral suppository for a male is 125 mm in length and weighs about 4 grams Urethral suppositories are rarely prescribed
- 6. COMPOSITION AND INGREDIENTS Bases used in compounding suppositories should be stable, nonirritating, and both chemically and physiologically inactive, and dissolve in the body cavity where inserted Choose base, considering patient sensitivities to ingredients, drug-base compatibility, solubility, stability, rate of release of drug, amount of drug to be incorporated, local or systemic effect
- 7. PREPARATION AND COMPOUNDING TECHNIQUES Hand molding suppositories requires skills achieved with experience Use cocoa butter as base, cocoa butter is grated, weighed, and mixed with active ingredient using a mortar and pestle Mixture becomes a solid form, shape with hands into long cylinder, cut into desire length, and round the tip.
- 8. PREPARATION AND COMPOUNDING TECHNIQUES Fusion method the base is melted using a water bath on a hotplate and poured into pre-calibrated molds. Active ingredient and excipients are stirred into the completely liquefied base Suppositories are cooled and hardened at room temperature, the excess is trimmed using a clean single-edge razor or heated spatula
- 9. CONCLUSION When preparing suppositories, it is always advisable to prepare 10 percent excess to allow for loss during preparation and for overfilling