suppositories.

1. SUBMITTED BY: SHABBI KHAN
B.PHARM 3rd YEAR
GUPTA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ASANSOL

2.  Suppositories are solid dosage forms intended for
insertion into body cavities where they melt, soften or
dissolve and exert local or systemic effect.
 Derived from latin word supponere, meaning “to place
under”.
 Emollients, astringents, antibacterial agents, steroids
and local aneasthetics are dispensed in suppository for
treating local actions.
 Analgesics, antispasmodics, sedatives ,tranquillizers are
dispensed in suppository for treating systemic action.

3. RECTAL
Cone or
torpedo shaped
weighing 1-2g
VAGINAL
(pessaries)
Globular,
oviform,cone or
wedge shaped
weighing 2-8 g.
Made from
glycero-gelatin
or macrogol
base.
URETHRAL
BOUGIES
Thin pencil
shaped and
pointed at one
end.
Male bougies -4g
and100-150 mm.
Female bougies-
2g and 60-
75mm.
NASAL
Thin pencil
shaped with
pointed
ends.
1.2 g and 9-
10 mm
long.
EAR
CONES
Pencil
shaped.

4.  Easy to mould
 Should not adhere to the mould
 Retain its shape when handled
 Release any medicament readily
 Non-toxic and non irritant
 Dissolve/Disperse in body fluids
 Compatible with all medicaments
 Melt at body temperature
 Stable on storage
 Stable above its melting point

5.  FATTY OR OLEAGINOUS BASE
 These melt at body temperature.
 Eg:- Theobroma oil(Cocoa butter), Hydrogenated
oil, Emulsified theobroma oil etc.
 Cocoa butter is most comonly used.
 Cocoa butter is a yellowish white solid obtained
from the crushed seeds of Theobroma cocoa and is
capable of existing in four crystalline forms.

6.  WATER SOLUBLE AND WATER MISCIBLE BASES
 They dissolve or disperse in rectal sectretions.
 Eg;-Glycero-gelatin base ,soap glycerin
suppositories, polyethylene glycols.
 Glycerinated gelatin is commonly used in the
preparation of pessaries, where prolonged
localized action of the medicament is usually
desired.
 Replacement of glycerin in glycero-gelatin base
by sodium stearate takes place in soap glycerin
suppositories.
 Polyethylene glycol polymers
(carbowaxes/polyglycols/macrogols) of different
molecular weights are used as suppository or
pessary base.

7.  EMULSYFING BASE
 These are synthetic bases.
 Some of the synthetic bases available in the
market are as follows:-
 Witepsol
 Massa estarinum
 Massupol

8. ADVANTAGES
Oral route
not useful
Patients with
GIT/Nausea/
Vomiting
problem
Drugs with
GI side
effects
Drugs
susceptible
to enzymatic
degradation
Drugs that
are unstable
at GI pH
Localized or
targeted
action
Drugs with
unpleasant
taste
Paediatric
/Old/
Unconscious
patients
ADVANTAGES OF
SUPPOSITORIES

9. DISADVANTAGES
Mucosal
irritation
Leakage
Production
is difficult
and costly
GI state
affects
absorption
Sometimes
incomplete
absorption

10. HAND MOULDING/ROLLING METHOD
• Ancient method of preparation
• Not used nowadays
HOT PROCESS/FUSION METHOD
• Used commonly for dispensing purpose
• Base melted and compressed
COLD COMPRESSION METHOD
• Useful for thermolabile and insoluble drugs
• Heating and stirring not required

11.  Dispensing Pharmacy- R.M MEHTA
 The Theory and Practice of Industrial
Pharmacy- LEON LACHMAN
HERBERT A.LIEBERMAN
JOSEPH L.KANIG

12. THANK YOU