The document discusses the historical and psychological foundations of curriculum. It notes that curriculum began in 1918 with Franklin Bobbitt's publications. It also discusses how curriculum has been influenced by various theorists like Bobbitt, Charters, Kilpatrick, Rugg, Caswell, and Tyler. The document also outlines three learning theories from psychology that have impacted curriculum development: behaviorism, cognitivism, and humanism. Finally, it briefly discusses the social foundations and role of philosophy in establishing a foundation for curriculum.

1. Historical Foundation

2. Historical Foundations of Curriculum.
Curriculum is not an old field. Majority of scholars
would place its beginning in 1918 with the
publication of Franklin Bobbit's book."The
Curriculum“ and “How to make a Curriculum”.
Philippine education came about from various
foreign influences. This can be traced back to the
glorious history. Of all foreign educational systems,
the American educational system has the greatest
influence on our educational system .

3. The following six curriculum theorists contributed
their views on curriculum:
• Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956)- presented curriculum as a science
that emphasizes on students' need.
• Werret Charters (1875-1952) - considered curriculum also as a
science which is based on students' need, and the teachers plan the
activities.
• William Kilpatrick (1871-1965) - viewed curriculum as purposeful
activities which are child-centered.
• Harold Rugg (1886-1960) - emphasized social studies in the
curriculum and the teacher plans the lesson in advance.

4. • Hollis Caswell (1901-1989) - sees curriculum as organized around
social functions of themes, organized knowledge and earner's
interests.
• Ralph Tyler (1902-1994) - believes that curriculum is a science and
an extension of school's philosophy. based on students' need and
interests.
The historical development shows the different changes in the
purposes, principles and content of the curriculum.

5. Psychological Foundations of Curriculum
 Psychology provides basis for the teaching and learning
process. It unifies elements of the learning process and some
of the some of questions which can be addressed by
psychological foundations.
• 3 Groups of Learning Theories
 Behaviorist Psychology- consider that learning should be
organized in order that students can experience success in the
process of mastering the subject matter, and thus, method of teaching
should be introduced in a step by step manner with proper
sequencing of task.
- contributions of Edward L. Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov and Robert
Gagne to the curriculum development.

6. • Cognitive Psychology - focus their attention on how individuals
process information and how the monitor and manage thinking. For
the cognitive theorists, learning constitutes a logical method for
organizing and interpreting learning. Learning is rooted in the
tradition of subject matter where teachers use a lot of problem and
thinking skills in teaching learning.
- contributions of Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Howard Gardner,
Felder and Silverman and Daniel Goleman to curriculum
development
• Humanistic Psychology - concerned with how learners can
develop their human potential. Based on Gestalt psychology where
learning can be explained in terms of the wholeness of the problem
and where the environment is changing and the learner is
continuously reorganizing his/her perceptions. Curriculum is
concerned with the process not the products, personal needs not
subject matter; psychological meaning and environmental
situations.
- contributions of Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers to the present
field of curriculum development.

7. • Social Foundations of Education
– Schools are recognized as one of the manyinstitutions that
educate the society.
– The home, the family and the communityalso educate the
society.
– Schools are made to help to understandthe changes
globalization brings.
– School curricula address diversity,explosion of knowledge ,
school reformsand education for all.

8. Philosophy
• It lays the foundation of the curriculum
• A curriculum planner or specialist, a
curriculum implementer or a teacher, school
administrators or curriculum evaluators
whether school based or externally based
anchors his/her decision making process on
a sound philosophy.

9. History
• shows the different changes in the
purposes, principles and content of the
curriculum.
• This implies that curriculum is
ever changing putting in knowledge and
content from many fields of disciplines.