1. The document discusses challenges in designing authentication protocols for smartphones controlling IoT devices via BLE. Limited input/output interfaces and privacy standards for devices pose challenges. 2. The study focuses on analyzing BLE protocols to discover these challenges, applying the methods to commercial products like the popular Gogoro Smart Scooter. 3. Analyzing the Gogoro protocol revealed flaws without SMP pairing, allowing others to unlock scooters. A dual-counter enhanced authentication protocol is proposed to better authenticate devices.