1. This document provides information on the cultivation techniques and pest issues related to cauliflower farming in Nepal. It discusses suitable climates, soil types, fertilizer use, irrigation practices, pest and disease management strategies. 2. Common pests that infect cauliflower include black rot fungus, club root disease, and soft rot bacteria. Diseases like downy mildew and black leg are also issues. The document provides details on the symptoms of each and recommends chemical and non-chemical control methods. 3. Proper land preparation, use of organic fertilizers, crop rotation, and removal of diseased plants are some of the integrated pest management strategies recommended to prevent diseases and maximize caulif

1. sfpnL v]tL k|ljwL / o;df nfUg]
/f]ux?sf ;fy} /f]syfdsf pkfox? M
–ljlgtf nD;fn -lgns07, wflbª_

2. != kl/ro
s'l;{km]/L kl/jf/ cGtu{t kg]{ sfpnL sfpnL g]kfnsf] hf8f]
df};ddf x'g] Ps k|d'v t/sf/L afnL xf] . sfpnLsf] j}1fgLs
gfd eg] Brassica oleraceae var botrytis xf] . df};d cg';f/
g]kfndf t/fO{ b]lv pRr kxf8L If]q;Dd o;sf] v]tL ug{ ;lsG5
. t/fO{ / dWo–kxf8df hf8f] df};ddf v]tL ul/G5 eg] pRr
kxf8df o;sf] v]tL uld{ df};ddf ul/G5 . o;sf] t/sf/L vfg]
efunfO{ s8{ -cord_ elgG5 .
@= kf}li6s tTjsf] dxTj M
k|lt !)) u|fd sfpnLdf kfOg] kf]ifs tTjx? M
kf]ifs tTj sfpnL - k|lt !)) u|fd _
zlQm @% ls= Sof=
sfaf]{xfO8«]6 % u|fd
k|f]l6g !=( u|fd
/]zf @=) u|fd
le6fldg aL ! )=)% ldln u|fd
le6fldg aL @ )=)^ ldln u|fd
le6fldg ;L $*=@ ldln u|fd

3. le6fldg O{ )=)* ldln u|fd
le6fldg s] !%=% ldln u|fd
SoflN;od @@=%
#= kmfO{bfx? -Advantages_M
s_ kfrg k|0ffnLnfO{ :j:y /fVg d2t ub{5 .
v_ dw'd]x, SofG;/ h:tf /f]uaf6 aRg d2t ub{5 .
$= v]tL k|ljlw M
s_ xfjfkfgL
sfpnLnfO{ Ps k|d'v lxpFb] afnLsf ?kdf lnO{G5 . aGbfuf]eL
;/x Hofbf uld{ ;xg ;Sb}g .
hft cg';f/ sl/a %–%) l8u|L ;]= tfkqmddf sfpnL kmN5 .
 Ufld{ ofddf x'g] hftsf nflu @)–@^ l8u|L ;]Ù dWo ofddf
x'g]sf] nflu !%–!( l8u|L ;]=
l9nf] kmNg] lr;f] ofddf !)–!^ l8u|L ;]= plrt tfkqmd xf] .
 ) l8u|L ;]= eGbf tnsf] tfkqmdn] la?jfsf] j[l4 /f]lsG5 .
 uld{ ofddf x'g] hftx? hf8f]df nufPdf l5§} ;–;fgf s8{
kmN5g .
v_ df6f]

4. kfgL ghDg], k|z:t dfqfdf k|fªufl/s kbfy{ ePsf] lk=Pr -
cDnLokg_ ^=)–^=% ;Dd ePsf] df6f] pko'Qm dflgG5 . kfgL
hDg] cj:yfdf af]6sf] j[l4df /f]sfj6 cfpF5 / a]gL al9 d5{ . u¥xf}F
df6f]df al9 lr:ofg ePdf kfgLsf] lgsf;sf] pkfo ckgfpg'k5{ .
u_ lapm b/ M
 cuf}6] afln M $) u|fd k|lt /f]kgL
dWo ofd / k5f}6] afln M @% u|fd k|lt /f]kgL
3_ afnL nufpg] ;do, lalw / If]q
qm=; nufpg] If]q nufpg]
dlxgf
lsl;d
!= pRr kxf8 a}zfv–ciff9 sf7df08f} :yfgLo,
8f]Nkf :gf]jn
@= dWo kxf8 efb|–sflt{s sf7df08f} :yfgLo,
8f]Nkf :gf]jn
;nf{xL lbkfnL, v'dfn
Hofk'
#= t/fO{ cflZjg–sflt{s sf7df08f} :yfgLo,
8f]Nkf :gf]jn
;nf{xL lbkfnL
ª_ hdLgsf] tof/L (Land Preparation)
#–$ k6s hdLg hf]t]/ ;Dd kfg{'kb{5 . sfpnLsf] la?jf -a]gf{_
pTkfbg ubf{ kfgLsf] /fd|f] lgsf; x'g cfjZos 5 . hdLg tof/ ubf{
sDkf]i6 h:tf k|fªufl/s kbfy{o'Qm / /f;folgs dnx? /fd|/L

5. ldnfpg'k5{ . k5f}6] / dWo ofddf x'g] hftsf] a]gf{ pTkfbg ug{
hdLgaf6 s]xL dfly p7]sf] Aof8 tof/ u/]/ dn xfNg'k5{ .
r_ dnvfbsf] k|of]u –(Fertilizer use)
;fdfGotof sfpnL afnLnfO{ dn al9 rflxG5 . cf};tdf !)))–!%))
lsnf] - %)÷^) 8f]sf] _ /fd|/L s'lxPsf] uf]7]÷uf]a/ dn k|lt /f]kgLsf
b/n] xfNg'k5{ . k|lt /f]kgL % lsnf] gfO{6«f]hg, # lsnf]
km:kmf]/; / @=% lsnf] kf]6f; xfNg'k5{ .
u]8]dn / kf]6f; dn b'j} hUuf tof/ ubf{ g} xfNg'k5{ / o'l/of rfFlx
b'O{ a/fa/ efudf af8]/ klxnf] efu a]gf{ ;f/]sf] ! dlxgff kl5 / bf];|f]
efu sf]kL nfUg ;'? ePkl5 xfNg'k5{ .
5_ lapm /f]kfO{
nufpg] b'/L
cuf}6] hftx? M Ps kªlQm af6 csf]{ kªlQm $% ;]=dL
Ps af]6 af6 csf]{ af]6 #)–$% ;]=dL
dWo / k5f}6] hftx? M Ps kªlQm af6 csf]{ kªlQm ^) ;]=dL
Ps af]6 af6 csf]{ af]6 $%–^) ;]=dL
h_ l;+rfO{ Joj:yfkg
a]gf{ g;?Gh]n;Dd k|To]s lbg xhf/Lsf] ;xfotfn] xn'sf l;+rfO{
ug{'kb{5 . la?jf ;l/;s]kl5 eg] cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df lr:ofg x]/L
!)÷!% lbgsf] km/sdf kfgL lbg'k5{ .

6. em_ emf/ Joj:yfkg / uf]8d]n
a]gf{ ;fl/;s]kl5 afnL emf/kft/lxt x'g'kb{5 . afnLsf] cjlwe/df
la?jfnfO{ slDtdf @ k6s df6f] r9fpg'k5{ . a]gf{ ;f/]sf] ! dlxgfdf
klxnf] k6s / sf]kL kmNg ;'? ePkl5 bf];|f] k6s df6f] r9fpg'k5{ .
`_ afnL l6Kg]
sfpnL kmn kl/kSs tyf cfsif{s ePkl5 sf6g' jf l6Kg' kb{5 . sfpnL
l6Kbf slDtdf #÷$ j6f kft /fVg'k5{ . sfpnL ;se/ ;fFemkv 3fd
c:tfpg] a]nf dfq l6Kg'k5{ . laxfgsf] ;dodf l6Kg' k/]df zLt
cf]efPkl5 dfq l6Kg ;lsG5 . 3fdsf] k|sfzaf6 arfpFb} Knfli6ssf]
qm]6 jf afF;sf] 6f]s/L k|of]u u/L 9'jfgL ug{' kb{5 .
%= afnL ;+/If0f -Crop Protection_
s_ /f]ux? - nIf0f tyf /f]syfdsf pkfox?_ M
c_ cN6/g]l/of÷kft yf]Kn] /f]u
yf]Kn] /f]un] la?jfsf] kftx?df sfnf] rqm cfsf/sf] yf]Knfx?
b]lvG5g . /f]usf] k|sf]k a9b} uPdf sfpnLsf] vfg] efudf ;d]t
nIf0f b]vf kb{5 / cGTodf ;Dk"0f{ efu sfnf] x'G5 .

7. /f]syfdsf pkfox? M
 /f]uL kft / cGo emf/kft a6'n]/ hnfpg'k5{ .
 AnfO6S; @ u|fd k|lt lsnf]lapsf b/n] lap pkrf/ ug{'k5{ .
 …8fOy]g Pd $%Ú @ u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ & b]lv !)
lbgsf] km/sdf @÷# k6s k|of]u ug{'k5{ .
cf_ 8fF7 s'lxg] /f]u
of] /f]usf sf/0f sfpnLsf] 8fF7sf] df6f]sf] ;tx glhssf] s'lxG5 /
;]tf] 9'l; b]lvG5 .
/f]syfdsf] pkfox? M
 sk/ clS;Snf]/fO8 @ u|fd k|lt s]=hL lapdf /fv]/ pkrf/
ug{'k5{ .
 j]lel:6g @ u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fP/ * lbgsf] km/sdf #
k6s la?jfsf] kftdf 5g'{k5{ .
O_ AofS6]l/ofaf6 g;f sfnf] eO{ s'lxg] /f]u / Black rot

8. AofS6]l/ofsf] sf/0f kftsf] 5]paf6 ;'? eO cªu|]hL cfsf/ …eLÚ
cfsf/sf] kx]Fnf] nIf0f b]vf kb{5 / kl5 g;f sfnf] eO af]6 g} s'lxG5
.
/f]syfdsf] pkfox? M
 :j:y lap k|of]u ug]{ .
 /f]uL af]6la?jf x6fO{ gi6 ug{] .
 :6«]K6f];fOlSng (Streptocycline) / KnfG6f]dfOl;g
(Plantomycene )!÷! u|fd % ln6/ kfgLdf /fv]/ 5s{g' k5{ .
O{_ ufF7] /f]u (club root)
sfpnLdf ufF7] /f]usf sf/0f la?jfsf] j[l4 /f]lsG5, kx]FlnG5 / a9g
;Sb}g . h/fdf ufF7f] h:tf] 8Nnf] cfsf/ b]lvG5 . of] /f]u nfu]df
sfpnL pTkfbg g} x'Fb}g jf Psbd} sd pTkfbg x'G5 . /f]u u|:t
h/fn] df6f]df /x]sf] vfBkbfy{ tyf kfgL kof{Kt dfqfdf ;f]:g ;Sb}g
h;n] ubf{ af]6sf] j[l4df k|lts'n c;/ kb{5 . o;sf/0f pTkfngdf k|ToIf
x|f; cfpF5 .

9. /f]usf] nIf0fx? M
 af]6 xf]rf] tyf sdhf]/ b]lvG5 .
 laxfgLkv af]6x? :j:y b]lvG5 t/ 3fd rs{b} uPkl5 cf]OnfPsf]
b]lvG5 .
ufF7] /f]u Joj:yfkgsf pkfox? M
of] /f]u nfu]kl5 aiff}F ;Dd klg o;sf lhjf0f'x? df6f]df /xg ;S5 .
lbuf] ?kdf lhjf0f' dfg{ c;Dej x'G5, To;}n] Plss[t afnL ;+/If0f
k4ltaf6 o; /f]usf] /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 . lgDg pkfox? ckgfpbf
ufF7] /f]usf] /f]syfd ePsf] b]lvG5 .
p_ Bactrial soft rot / Erwina caratovora
lr:ofgn] s'lxP/ 3fp eP h:tf] kft / km'n klg s'lxg nfu]sf] h:tf] sfnf]
wAaf b]lvg' clg ha Tof] 3fp km'65 ToxfFaf6 afSnf] emf]n
lg:sG5 .

10. /f]syfdsf pkfox?:
 o; /f]usf] s'g} ljiffwL 5}g .
 o; /f]usf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug{ v]tLkftL k|ljlwdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'
k5{ .
 v]tL ubf{ x/]s kfnL sfpnL v]tL gug]{, kfgL ghDg] df6f]df
v]tL ug]{, pTkfbg lng] a]nfdf ;'Vvf km'n dfq sf6g] .
pm_ Black leg
of] /f]u Leptosphaeria maculans gfds JofS6]l/ofaf6 nfUb5 .
nIf0fx? :
 la?jf s'lxg', kftdf sfnf cyjf v}/f 3fp h:tf wAafx? b]lvg',

11. /f]syfdsf pkfox? :
 /f]u ljlxg lapmsf] k|of]u ug]{ cyjf /f]Kg' cuf8L dg tftf]
kfgLdf lapmnfO{ 8'afP/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
 /f]uL la?jf, af]6nfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf lagf; ug{k5{, pTkfbg
lnuL;s]kl5 /f]uL af]6nfO{ df6f]df ldnfO{ lbg'kb{5.
P_Downy mildew / 8fpgL ldN8o" /f]u
of] /f]u Hpalopernospora parasitica gfds 9';Laf6 nfUb5 .
of] /f]u lr;f] df}ifddf nfUg] ub{5 .
nIf0fx? M
 kftsf] tNnf] efudf 9';Lsf] ljsf; eP/ l6Ssf l6Ssf ag]sf] x'G5
.
 sfpnLsf] km'ndf klg v}/f] wAaf nfUb5 .
 8fF7df klg lr;f]n] s'lxPsf] h:tf] 3fp aG5 .

12. /f]syfdsf pkfox? M
 /f]u ljlxg la?jfsf] k|of]u ug]{
 laxfg} la?jfdf kfgL glbg]
 nuftf/ sfpnL afnL dfq gnufpg], 3'DtL afnL k|ljlw ckgfpg]
P]_ kfp8/L ldN8o" / powdery mildew
of] /f]u Erysipha cruciferarum gfds 9';Laf6 nfUb5 . ;'Vvf df}ifd
cgL laxfgsf] ;fk]lIfs cfb|tf *)Ü x'Fbf of] /f]u al9 nfUb5 .
nIf0fx? M
 kftsf] dflysf] efudf ;]tf l6Ssf b]lvG5, la:tf/} k'/} af]6df
9fSb5 .
 ;fdfGo ljsf;qmd /f]lsG5 .
/f]syfdsf pkfox? M
 /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQm ePsf] sfpnLsf] lsl;d -variety_
k|of]u ug'{k5{ .
 3'DtL afnL k|ljlwsf] k|of]u, afnL lnPkl5 ;Dk"0f{ /f]uL
af]6sf] k"0f{ lg?s'ntf ug{'k5{, w]/} N- fertilizer k|of]u ug'{
x'Fb}g .
 Sulphur-;Nkm/_ ePsf] laiffwL k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

13. cf]_ Couliflowermosaic -sfpnLkmnfj/ df]hfO{s_
of] /f]u cauliflower mosaic virus gfds ljiff0f'n] nufpF5 .
nIf0fx? M
v'd|]sf] kftx? b]vfk5{, g;f /+uxLg b]lvG5g, af]6sf] j[l4 ljsf;
/f]lsG5, sfpnLsf] km'nsf] cfsf/ ;fgf] x'G5 .
/f]syfdsf pkfox? M
 Aff/LnfO{ emf/ d'Qm agfpg]
 /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQm ePsf] sfpnLsf] lsl;d -variety_
k|of]u ug'{k5{ .
cf}_ ;]tf] lvof -white rust_
of] /f]u Albugo candida gfds ljiff0f'n] nufpF5 .
nIf0fx?
 ;]tf rlDsnf l6Ssf h:tf] bfu kftsf] k5f8L nfUb5 .
 of] ljiff0f'n] af]6sf] ;Dk"0f{ efu la:tf/} ;vfk kfb{5 .
/f]syfdsf pkfox? M
 3'DtL afnL k|ljlwsf] k|of]u, /f]u ljlxg lj?jfsf] k|of]u ug]{
 clt cfjZos kbf{ dfq pko'Qm ljiffwLsf] k|of]u ug]{ .

14. v_ sfpnLdf nfUg] ls/fx? / ltgsf] Joj:yfkg
sfpnLdf ljz]if u/L nfxL, kft vfg] nfef{, v'd|], km]b 6f]s'jf, k|d'v
xfgLsf/s ls/fx? x'g .
c_ nfxL ls/f -Aphid_
 kftsf] slnnf] efunfO{ nfxL ls/fn] r';]/ la?jfdf xfgL k'¥ofp5 .
 of] cfkm}Fdf Pp6f k|d'v /f]u geO{ ljleGg lhjf0f' ;fg]{
dfWod xf] .

15. /f]syfdsf pkfox? M
 ;fOk/d]lyg@ ld=ln k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf xfn]/ & lbgsf]
km/sdf # k6s 5s{g] .
 g'efg ! ld=ln k|lt !=% ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5s{g' kb{5 .
 df/uf]; lgd # ld=ln k|lt ln6/sf b/n] nfxL b]lvg yfn]kl5 &
lbgsf] km/sdf # k6s 5s{g' kb{5 .
cf_ O{§f a'§] k'tnL
of] ;fgf] k'tnL ls/f xf] h;sf s}nf kv]6f x'G5g . o;sf] nfef{n] kft
vfP/ cg]s cfs[tLsf Kjfn kfb{5g .
/f]syfdsf pkfox? M
 …g'efg &% O=;LÚ ^& ld=ln k|lt !) ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{
5s{g' kb{5 .
 …km]Gkm]g @) O=;LÚ % ld=ln k|lt !) ln6/ kfgLdf
ld;fO{ 5s{g' kb{5 .
O_ v'd|] ls/f (White grub)
o; ls/fn] la?jfsf] h/f sf6]/ xfgL k'¥ofpF5 . o;n] sf6]sf] la?jf
cf]OnfP/ hfG5 .

16. /f]syfdsf pkfox? M
 Aff/Ldf /fd|/L s'lxPsf] uf]a/dn k|of]u ug{] .
 vghf]t ubf{ b]lvPsf ls/fx? gi6 ug]{ .
O{_ km]b 6f]s'jf (cut worms)
o; ls/fn] la?jfsf] km]b sf6]/ xfgL k'¥ofpF5 .
/f]syfdsf pkfox? M
 ls6gfzs ljiffbL - yfof]hg, /f]u/ _ ! ld=ln k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf
ld;fP/ & lbgsf] km/sdf # k6s df6f]df ;fy} la?jfsf] efux?df
kg]{ u/L /fd|/L 5s{g' kb{5 .

17. ^= pTkfbg / If]qkmn -Area & Production_
 pTkfbg M %@$,@)% d]l6«s 6g - jflif{s _
 If]qkmn M #$,)&% x]S6/