PIM Webinar held on March 28, 2018 by Melissa Hidrobo and Shalini Roy (IFPRI) discusses how cash transfers can reduce intimate partner violence (IPV). The presenters review 3 PIM-funded studies (in Ecuador, Bangladesh, and Mali) that explore impacts of transfer programs on IPV. A more detailed description and recording of the webinar is available at http://bit.ly/PIMwebinarIPV
Integrating Gender in Policy Research and OutreachIFPRI-PIM
There is growing recognition of the importance of gender issues in policy and research. Gender equality is recognized as one of the Sustainable Development Goals, and is key to achieving most of the other goals as well. Yet it is often not clear what this means, in practice, or what kinds of knowledge and interventions are needed to contribute to these goals.
In this webinar, IFPRI researchers Ruth Meinzen-Dick and Elizabeth Bryan discuss key gender issues and entry points for policy research and outreach, focusing on processes for integrating gender into each stage of the research process, including priority setting, research design, methodologies, conduct of research, and communications for impact.
For more information and full recording of this webinar, visit http://bit.ly/GenderinPolResWebinar
The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index – What have we learned?IFPRI-PIM
This document summarizes efforts to improve the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) by discussing various studies and initiatives. It provides an overview of the different versions of the WEAI (original, abbreviated, project-specific, and value chain-specific) and how the index is constructed. It also shares key findings from applying the WEAI in multiple countries, such as workload and access to credit being common constraints. Additionally, it discusses preliminary results from a Philippines pilot that identify workload and group membership as top disempowerment factors. The document demonstrates how the WEAI can inform programming to empower women, using Bangladesh's ANGeL project as an example.
Rhiannon Pyburn, Anouka van Eerdewij, Vivian Polar, Iliana Monterroso Ibarra and Cynthia McDougall
BOOK LAUNCH
Advancing Gender Equality through Agricultural and Environmental Research: Past, Present, and Future
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
NOV 23, 2021 - 09:00 AM TO 10:15 AM EST
This document analyzes how extension and advisory services organizations innovated in response to the COVID-19 crisis. It finds that organizations made second-order, radical changes at the industry level by voluntarily modifying their inputs, outputs, goals and social structures. Examples include offering virtual programming, aggregating online information, and partnering locally in the US, developing digital services in China, and switching to online platforms like Zoom and WhatsApp in Malawi. The changes allowed extension services to continue operating and serving clients during the pandemic by embracing new technologies while maintaining their service orientation. Recommendations include using technology equitably, building staff capacity, and fostering flexible and collaborative organizational structures.
Ashu Handa's (UNC) presentation at the Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning's (CEDIL) project design clinic held in Oxford (UK) on 26 February 2020.
Natalia Winder Rossi's (FAO) presentation at the South-South Cooperation Knowledge Exchange Platform on Strengthening Resilience of the Rural Poor in Nairobi (Kenya) on 18 November 2019.
Integrating Gender in Policy Research and OutreachIFPRI-PIM
There is growing recognition of the importance of gender issues in policy and research. Gender equality is recognized as one of the Sustainable Development Goals, and is key to achieving most of the other goals as well. Yet it is often not clear what this means, in practice, or what kinds of knowledge and interventions are needed to contribute to these goals.
In this webinar, IFPRI researchers Ruth Meinzen-Dick and Elizabeth Bryan discuss key gender issues and entry points for policy research and outreach, focusing on processes for integrating gender into each stage of the research process, including priority setting, research design, methodologies, conduct of research, and communications for impact.
For more information and full recording of this webinar, visit http://bit.ly/GenderinPolResWebinar
The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index – What have we learned?IFPRI-PIM
This document summarizes efforts to improve the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) by discussing various studies and initiatives. It provides an overview of the different versions of the WEAI (original, abbreviated, project-specific, and value chain-specific) and how the index is constructed. It also shares key findings from applying the WEAI in multiple countries, such as workload and access to credit being common constraints. Additionally, it discusses preliminary results from a Philippines pilot that identify workload and group membership as top disempowerment factors. The document demonstrates how the WEAI can inform programming to empower women, using Bangladesh's ANGeL project as an example.
Rhiannon Pyburn, Anouka van Eerdewij, Vivian Polar, Iliana Monterroso Ibarra and Cynthia McDougall
BOOK LAUNCH
Advancing Gender Equality through Agricultural and Environmental Research: Past, Present, and Future
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
NOV 23, 2021 - 09:00 AM TO 10:15 AM EST
This document analyzes how extension and advisory services organizations innovated in response to the COVID-19 crisis. It finds that organizations made second-order, radical changes at the industry level by voluntarily modifying their inputs, outputs, goals and social structures. Examples include offering virtual programming, aggregating online information, and partnering locally in the US, developing digital services in China, and switching to online platforms like Zoom and WhatsApp in Malawi. The changes allowed extension services to continue operating and serving clients during the pandemic by embracing new technologies while maintaining their service orientation. Recommendations include using technology equitably, building staff capacity, and fostering flexible and collaborative organizational structures.
Ashu Handa's (UNC) presentation at the Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning's (CEDIL) project design clinic held in Oxford (UK) on 26 February 2020.
Natalia Winder Rossi's (FAO) presentation at the South-South Cooperation Knowledge Exchange Platform on Strengthening Resilience of the Rural Poor in Nairobi (Kenya) on 18 November 2019.
Agricultural extension and rural advisory services: From research to actionIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar, 11 November 2021 // Presentation of innovative interventions that can be applied and adapted to enhance extension performance // Summary of agricultural extension research supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM).
Event page (full recording): https://bit.ly/3jRTRWy
See more on www.pim.cgiar.org
This document discusses gender and social inclusion (GSI) in CCAFS projects. It addresses the CCAFS GSI strategy, which takes three main approaches: examining vulnerabilities, promoting gender transformation, and strengthening institutions. It identifies knowledge gaps around what works for empowering women in climate-smart agriculture. These include understanding gender roles in labor and benefits, the role of women's groups, and indigenous knowledge. The document also discusses integrating GSI in areas like climate information services, policy, finance, and working with youth. Overall, it aims to better understand how to promote social inclusion, particularly for women, in climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts.
Gender analysis of agricultural innovation systems in East AfricaILRI
Presented by Margaret Najjingo Mangheni and Sarah Cardey at the Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
Methods for studying gender dynamics in value chains beyond the production no...IFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar recorded on Oct. 28, 2021. Presenters: Jessica Leight (IFPRI); Emily Gallagher (CIFOR); and Kate Ambler (IFPRI). More information at https://bit.ly/GDVCweb
This document summarizes the results of social protection programs in Africa that aim to reduce poverty through cash transfers. It finds that:
1) Government-run non-contributory cash transfer programs in Africa have tripled over the last 15 years, though overall coverage of social protection remains low.
2) Evaluations of cash transfer programs in 10 African countries find they significantly reduce poverty, improve food security and nutrition, increase spending on education and healthcare, and boost asset accumulation.
3) Cash transfers are found to have multiplier effects, stimulating broader economic activity at household and community levels without increasing inflation.
Gender indicators for women’s empowerment strategies in water and food securi...Global Water Partnership
Presentation made by Dr Alice M. Bouman-Dentener , President of the Woman for Water Partnership, World Water Week, August 26-31, 2012, Stockholm, Sweden
Agnes Quisumbing
SPECIAL EVENT
A Decade of the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI): Lessons from Using Empowerment Metrics
Co-Organized by IFPRI, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)
FEB 16, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EST
Measuring employment and consumption in household surveys: Reflections from t...IFPRI-PIM
Webinar organized the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets, led by IFPRI, on July 13, 2021.
Presentations:
- Are we done yet? Response fatigue and rural livelihoods (Sylvan Herskowitz, Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Assessing response fatigue in phone survey: Experimental evidence on dietary diversity in Ethiopia (Kibrom Abay, Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Telescoping causes overstatement in recalled food consumption: Evidence from a survey experiment in Ethiopia (Kalle Hirvonen, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI)
Discussant: Andrew Dillon, Clinical Associate Professor of Development Economics within Kellogg's Public-Private Interface Initiative (KPPI); Director of Research Methods Cluster in the Global Poverty Research Lab, Northwestern University.
Moderator: Kate Ambler, Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
More info and full recording: https://bit.ly/2TrpaNF
Neha Kumar
POLICY SEMINAR
Examining the State of Community-led Development Programming
Co-Organized by IFPRI and Movement for Community-led Development
APR 7, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
This document summarizes the Dryland Systems Gender Strategy and Work Plan for implementing gender mainstreaming in the Dryland Systems CGIAR Research Program. It discusses the goals of promoting gender equity and reducing gender gaps. Key activities include mainstreaming gender within flagship technologies, undertaking strategic gender research, building gender awareness and capabilities, and integrating gender considerations into organizational structures, implementation, and the action plan. The strategy is aimed at making research and innovations more gender-aware and transformative to improve livelihoods and resilience for vulnerable households and communities.
Presented by Kathleen Earl Colverson at the Africa RISING Integrating Gender into Agricultural Programming training, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18-20 August 2014
A trainer's manual" (available at http://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/33426)
This document summarizes the work of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) related to gender and social inclusion. It outlines CCAFS' goal of ensuring rural women, youth and vulnerable groups benefit from efforts to reduce poverty, increase environmental resilience, improve food security and nutrition. Key strategies discussed include undertaking research to inform climate-smart solutions that do not increase women's workloads, increase women and youth's control over assets/resources, and promote their participation in decision making. The document also identifies knowledge gaps around gender differences in access to information, institutions, finance and decision making regarding climate-smart agriculture.
This document outlines the overall gender strategy and research portfolio for the CGIAR Research Program 2 (CRP2) on policies, institutions, and markets to strengthen food security and incomes for the rural poor. The strategy includes integrating gender in each subtheme's research and outcomes, as well as conducting strategic gender research to generate evidence on gender in agriculture, evaluate linkages between development and gender relations, and apply gender analysis to policy. Specific gender-related outputs are identified for policies, institutions, and markets research. Three strategic research themes on the information base on gender in agriculture, linkages between development and gender relations, and applying gender analysis to policy implementation are described.
Our Humanitarian Specialist, Jacob de Hoop, presents findings on the effects of cash transfers on education outcomes. Presented to the German Development Institute in November 2018.
The document summarizes research on the impacts of cash transfer programs on gender dynamics. It finds that:
1) Cash transfer programs in sub-Saharan Africa often target women to achieve outcomes like improved child well-being, though evidence supporting this approach is mixed.
2) Evaluations of cash transfers' impacts on women's empowerment also show mixed results, depending on the indicators and contexts studied.
3) A study in Zambia found its Child Grant Program increased women's decision-making power modestly and their ability to save and engage in small businesses significantly, suggesting it had a subtle empowering effect.
Agricultural extension and rural advisory services: From research to actionIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar, 11 November 2021 // Presentation of innovative interventions that can be applied and adapted to enhance extension performance // Summary of agricultural extension research supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM).
Event page (full recording): https://bit.ly/3jRTRWy
See more on www.pim.cgiar.org
This document discusses gender and social inclusion (GSI) in CCAFS projects. It addresses the CCAFS GSI strategy, which takes three main approaches: examining vulnerabilities, promoting gender transformation, and strengthening institutions. It identifies knowledge gaps around what works for empowering women in climate-smart agriculture. These include understanding gender roles in labor and benefits, the role of women's groups, and indigenous knowledge. The document also discusses integrating GSI in areas like climate information services, policy, finance, and working with youth. Overall, it aims to better understand how to promote social inclusion, particularly for women, in climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts.
Gender analysis of agricultural innovation systems in East AfricaILRI
Presented by Margaret Najjingo Mangheni and Sarah Cardey at the Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
Methods for studying gender dynamics in value chains beyond the production no...IFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar recorded on Oct. 28, 2021. Presenters: Jessica Leight (IFPRI); Emily Gallagher (CIFOR); and Kate Ambler (IFPRI). More information at https://bit.ly/GDVCweb
This document summarizes the results of social protection programs in Africa that aim to reduce poverty through cash transfers. It finds that:
1) Government-run non-contributory cash transfer programs in Africa have tripled over the last 15 years, though overall coverage of social protection remains low.
2) Evaluations of cash transfer programs in 10 African countries find they significantly reduce poverty, improve food security and nutrition, increase spending on education and healthcare, and boost asset accumulation.
3) Cash transfers are found to have multiplier effects, stimulating broader economic activity at household and community levels without increasing inflation.
Gender indicators for women’s empowerment strategies in water and food securi...Global Water Partnership
Presentation made by Dr Alice M. Bouman-Dentener , President of the Woman for Water Partnership, World Water Week, August 26-31, 2012, Stockholm, Sweden
Agnes Quisumbing
SPECIAL EVENT
A Decade of the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI): Lessons from Using Empowerment Metrics
Co-Organized by IFPRI, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)
FEB 16, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EST
Measuring employment and consumption in household surveys: Reflections from t...IFPRI-PIM
Webinar organized the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets, led by IFPRI, on July 13, 2021.
Presentations:
- Are we done yet? Response fatigue and rural livelihoods (Sylvan Herskowitz, Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Assessing response fatigue in phone survey: Experimental evidence on dietary diversity in Ethiopia (Kibrom Abay, Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Telescoping causes overstatement in recalled food consumption: Evidence from a survey experiment in Ethiopia (Kalle Hirvonen, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI)
Discussant: Andrew Dillon, Clinical Associate Professor of Development Economics within Kellogg's Public-Private Interface Initiative (KPPI); Director of Research Methods Cluster in the Global Poverty Research Lab, Northwestern University.
Moderator: Kate Ambler, Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
More info and full recording: https://bit.ly/2TrpaNF
Neha Kumar
POLICY SEMINAR
Examining the State of Community-led Development Programming
Co-Organized by IFPRI and Movement for Community-led Development
APR 7, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
This document summarizes the Dryland Systems Gender Strategy and Work Plan for implementing gender mainstreaming in the Dryland Systems CGIAR Research Program. It discusses the goals of promoting gender equity and reducing gender gaps. Key activities include mainstreaming gender within flagship technologies, undertaking strategic gender research, building gender awareness and capabilities, and integrating gender considerations into organizational structures, implementation, and the action plan. The strategy is aimed at making research and innovations more gender-aware and transformative to improve livelihoods and resilience for vulnerable households and communities.
Presented by Kathleen Earl Colverson at the Africa RISING Integrating Gender into Agricultural Programming training, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18-20 August 2014
A trainer's manual" (available at http://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/33426)
This document summarizes the work of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) related to gender and social inclusion. It outlines CCAFS' goal of ensuring rural women, youth and vulnerable groups benefit from efforts to reduce poverty, increase environmental resilience, improve food security and nutrition. Key strategies discussed include undertaking research to inform climate-smart solutions that do not increase women's workloads, increase women and youth's control over assets/resources, and promote their participation in decision making. The document also identifies knowledge gaps around gender differences in access to information, institutions, finance and decision making regarding climate-smart agriculture.
This document outlines the overall gender strategy and research portfolio for the CGIAR Research Program 2 (CRP2) on policies, institutions, and markets to strengthen food security and incomes for the rural poor. The strategy includes integrating gender in each subtheme's research and outcomes, as well as conducting strategic gender research to generate evidence on gender in agriculture, evaluate linkages between development and gender relations, and apply gender analysis to policy. Specific gender-related outputs are identified for policies, institutions, and markets research. Three strategic research themes on the information base on gender in agriculture, linkages between development and gender relations, and applying gender analysis to policy implementation are described.
Our Humanitarian Specialist, Jacob de Hoop, presents findings on the effects of cash transfers on education outcomes. Presented to the German Development Institute in November 2018.
The document summarizes research on the impacts of cash transfer programs on gender dynamics. It finds that:
1) Cash transfer programs in sub-Saharan Africa often target women to achieve outcomes like improved child well-being, though evidence supporting this approach is mixed.
2) Evaluations of cash transfers' impacts on women's empowerment also show mixed results, depending on the indicators and contexts studied.
3) A study in Zambia found its Child Grant Program increased women's decision-making power modestly and their ability to save and engage in small businesses significantly, suggesting it had a subtle empowering effect.
Transfers, Behaviour Change Communication & IPV: Evidence from BangladeshThe Transfer Project
Shalini Roy from IFPRI presents their work on transfers, behaviour change communication and intimate partner violence in Bnagladesh at our CSW63 side event in UN Women in New York in March 2019.
For more on this work see: https://www.ifpri.org/publication/food-and-cash-transfers-coupled-nutrition-behavior-change-communication-lead-sustained
Government Unconditional Transfers and Safe Transitions into Adulthood - Lamb...The Transfer Project
Lambon-Quayefio et al. (2021). Government Unconditional Transfers and Safe Transitions into Adulthood Among Youth in Malawi. IUSSP virtual conference: https://ipc2021.popconf.org/sessions/13
Tia Palermo's presentation on cash transfers and violence against women and children to UN Women's regional office and Promundo's Learning Dialogue Series in June 2020.
Impacts of Cash Transfers on Adolescents' & Young Women's Well-Being Globally...The Transfer Project
Tia Palermo's presentation for the joint UNICEF & Gates Foundation Tanzania Adolescent Symposium in Dar es Salaam on 7 February 2018.
Using evidence from around the world, Tia outlines what we know about cash transfers impacts on youth and young women's well-being.
As part of UNICEF Innocenti's workshop on social protection in humanitarian settings, Amber Peterman from The Transfer Project presented her working paper "Economic Transfers and Social Cohesion in a Refugee-Hosting Setting".
For more on this workshop and to access the seven papers released at the event, visit: https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/1829-evidence-on-social-protection-in-contexts-of-fragility-and-forced-displacement.html
1) Social protection programs often target women with the assumption that they will spend cash in a more family-responsive way, however research questions whether welfare effects differ based on gender of the beneficiary.
2) Studies have found that cash transfer programs increase women's economic participation through savings and small businesses as well as their subjective well-being, while potentially decreasing intimate partner violence.
3) However, more research is still needed to understand if impacts differ based on the gender the cash transfer is provided to, as well as how to best measure and promote women's empowerment through these programs.
Prevention of and response to Sexual and Gender Based Violence in a fragile c...terre des hommes schweiz
The document summarizes a psychosocial program in the Great Lakes Region of Africa that addresses sexual and gender-based violence. The program operates in Rwanda, Burundi, and parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo, working through local partners to provide medical care, legal support, and community programs to over 14,000 women and 2,000 men. It takes a holistic approach addressing the root causes of violence as well as its consequences. Key lessons highlighted include the importance of professional care for victims, a systemic approach working at multiple levels of society, and the need for long-term engagement to create sustainable change.
Maja Gavrilovic explores how social protection programs target or include adolescents.
Presented as part of ALIGN's Social Protection, Gender Norms and Adolescence expert dialogue, held in London in September 2018.
1) Social protection programs can play a critical role in facilitating safe transitions to adulthood for adolescents by addressing vulnerabilities during rapid development.
2) However, adolescents are often not directly targeted and their needs are inconsistently reflected in program design, with a focus on younger ages and practical needs over empowerment.
3) Education is a main focus of social transfers for adolescents, which can challenge gender norms by promoting schooling, but impacts vary by context and more can be done to address gendered risks faced by both boys and girls.
This presentation captures how nutrition has changed in Burkina over time, by not only assessing nutrition relevant data,
programs and policies, but also on capturing experiential learning from those doing nutrition relevant
work in the region
•
Understand How Burkina Faso has created an enabling environment allowing for positive and sustained
change
•
Identify how multi sectoral nutrition relevant policies and programs are designed and implemented in
different contexts, what has worked well, what has not, why, and how Burkina Faso can share experiences
and approaches
•
Frame a constructive discussion in mobilizing future actions and commitments
• Use stories and storytelling to cut through complexity and engage audiences
This document summarizes a study on the Ujana Salama cash plus intervention in Tanzania. The intervention provided adolescent youth in Tanzania with livelihoods training, productive grants, mentorship, and referrals to health services alongside an existing cash transfer program. A mixed-methods cluster randomized controlled trial found the intervention had positive impacts on economic opportunities, mental health, gender attitudes, and health knowledge and behaviors up to 2 years post-intervention. These findings suggest cash transfers can be enhanced by linking youth to complementary services to promote multidimensional well-being when transitioning to adulthood.
Evaluation of Mozambique’s Child Grant: A cash + care intervention to reduce ...The Transfer Project
Juan Bonilla, Zlata Bruckauf, Rosa Castro-Zarzur & Amber Peterman
On behalf of the Mozambique Child Grant evaluation team
SVRI Forum – Cancun, Mexico – September 22nd, 2022
The document summarizes research from the Office of Research-Innocenti on using fiscal policy analysis to promote equity for children. It presents a framework that integrates child-focused budget analysis, child poverty measurement, and fiscal incidence analysis. As a proof of concept, the framework was applied in Uganda. Key findings included that targeting social transfers based on multidimensional child poverty measures or monetary poverty could help reduce child poverty but with small impacts due to low benefit levels. Policy simulations found that reducing education gaps had the largest potential impact on child poverty at relatively low cost. The research aims to develop the approach into a global public good tool to generate evidence and inform policy discussions on equity for children.
Lori Heise from The Prevention Collaborative presents her work on cash transfers and intimate partner violence in low- and middle-income countries at our CSW63 side event in UN Women in New York in March 2019.
For more on The Prevention Collaborative's work, see: http://prevention-collaborative.org/
Similar to Cash transfer programs and intimate partner violence – Lessons from 3 case studies around the globe (20)
Cash transfers and intimate partner violence: Case studies from Ethiopia and ...IFPRI-PIM
Webinar organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and the Cash Transfer and Intimate Partner Violence Research Collaborative in support of the annual 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence campaign. More information and full recording available at https://bit.ly/3pOlJx0
African Farmers, Value Chains, and African DevelopmentIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar/Book Launch, December 9, 2021.
At first glance, African smallholder farmers might seem unproductive, as their crops yield much less than potential and are often of variable quality. A new PIM-supported book “African Farmers, Value Chains, and Agricultural Development” argues that in fact they are largely producing following rational economic decisions, and that this situation is a consequence of the economic and institutional environment in which they produce. The authors Alan de Brauw and Erwin Bulte discuss ways that different types of transaction costs limit their market opportunities in general, including transport costs but also costs related to different sources of risks, trust, market power, liquidity, and even storage.
More information and full webinar recording: https://bit.ly/3rMpdTi
Tenure Security and Landscape Governance of Natural ResourcesIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar recorded on December 7, 2021. For more information and the recording of the webinar, and to access the briefs, visit https://bit.ly/3xZDBs6
COVID-19 and agricultural value chains: Impacts and adaptationsIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar recorded on November 29, 2021.
Presenters: Ben Belton - Global Lead, Social and Economic Inclusion, WorldFish
Diego Naziri – value chain and postharvest specialist, International Potato Center (CIP); Leader of “Nutritious Food and Value Added through Post-harvest Innovation” research flagship in the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB)
Gashaw Tadesse Abate - Research Fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Abut Hayat Md. Saiful Islam – Professor at Department of Agricultural Economics at Bangladesh Agricultural University in Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Marcel Gatto – Agricultural Economist at the International Potato Center (CIP).
Humnath Bhandari - Senior Agricultural Economist and Country Representative, IRRI Bangladesh.
G.M. Monirul Alam - Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Full recording of the webinar available at https://bit.ly/3DN18in
Inclusive and Efficient Value Chains: Innovations, Scaling, and Way ForwardIFPRI-PIM
In the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), market and related aspects have been mostly addressed by PIM Flagship 3: Inclusive and Efficient Value Chains. The team has been focusing on the evolving international, regional, and local contexts for agricultural markets, and investigating how value chains (VC) can be strengthened to generate more benefits for smallholders and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), with differentiated opportunities for women, men, and youth. In this webinar on 22 November 2021, the team presented key findings from the Flagship’s work in 2017-2021 in three areas: 1) value chain innovations, 2) use of value chains for scaling CGIAR solutions, and 3) interactions between research and practice for value chain development.
For more information about this webinar and to access the full recording, visit https://bit.ly/3c6siV5.
Gender dynamics in value chains: Beyond production node and a single commodit...IFPRI-PIM
1. Women have less decision-making power and asset ownership compared to men, especially in intensive value chains.
2. Intensive value chains use more purchased inputs like fertilizers and hired labor, resulting in higher yields. However, extension services mainly target men.
3. Women do most of the labor in crop establishment and post-harvest handling while men do more field management.
4. Controlling for other factors, sweet potato yields are lower on female-managed farms compared to male-managed farms, indicating a gender productivity gap.
Myths about the feminization of agriculture: Implications for global food sec...IFPRI-PIM
This document summarizes a webinar that challenged four common myths about the feminization of agriculture and its implications for global food security.
The webinar debunked the myths that 1) feminization is the predominant global trend, 2) feminization is bad for agriculture, 3) women left behind are passive victims, and 4) all women farmers face similar challenges. It highlighted that roles and opportunities for men and women vary widely by context. Addressing structural disadvantages faced by women farmers, recognizing their contributions to household food security, and tailoring interventions to different groups of women are important for improving agricultural production and food systems. More research is needed on changing rural labor patterns and their impacts on food security for various communities
Feminization of Agriculture: Building evidence to debunk myths on current cha...IFPRI-PIM
This document discusses a webinar on the feminization of agriculture. It presents four grants that studied this topic using qualitative and quantitative methods in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The grants analyzed how decision-making, labor, and social norms are changing in wheat farming in South Asia. They explored employment opportunities for women and youth in agricultural value chains. They also developed a methodology to identify the drivers of feminization across scales and validated these findings in communities. The webinar discussed how to better measure the roles of women and youth in high-value agricultural activities.
Webinar about the new book "Value Chain Development and The Poor: Promise, delivery, and opportunities for impact at scale" (eds. Jason Donovan, Dietmar Stoian, and Jon Hellin), recorded on June 17, 2021. For more information and video recording, visit https://bit.ly/3goPP5r
Feminization of agriculture: Building evidence to debunk myths on current cha...IFPRI-PIM
This PIM webinar recorded on Jun 10, 2021 presents the findings from five projects that comprised a set of PIM grants on Feminization of Agriculture: Building evidence to debunk myths on current challenges and opportunities. Research teams from across CGIAR worked since 2018 to explore the dynamics and impacts of migration, including male-outmigration, on gender relations in agriculture and natural resource domains. More info: https://bit.ly/FemofAg1
Beyond agriculture: Measuring agri-food system GDP and employmentIFPRI-PIM
Webinar with James Thurlow (IFPRI/CGIAR-PIM) presenting a new approach for measuring agri-food system GDP and employment. (Recorded on April 8, 2021)
More info and full recording: https://bit.ly/mafsGDP
Webinar: COVID-19 risk and food value chains (presentation 3)IFPRI-PIM
Presentation "COVID-19 Impacts on Fish Value Chains in Nigeria" by Ben Belton, MSU/WorldFish.
More info and recording of this webinar:
https://bit.ly/COVID-FVC
Webinar: COVID-19 risk and food value chains (presentation 2)IFPRI-PIM
Presentation "COVID-19 risk and food value chains: Insights from India" by Sudha Narayanan, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research.
More info and full recording of this webinar:
https://bit.ly/COVID-FVC
Webinar: COVID-19 risk and food value chains (presentation 1)IFPRI-PIM
Presentation "Food Consumption and Food Security during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Addis Ababa" by Kalle Hirvoven, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
PUBLISHING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNALS:WRITI...IFPRI-PIM
This webinar, the 3rd and final in the series “Publishing Agricultural Development Research in Social Science Journals”, focuses on the specifics of the referee process—how (and why) to do good reviews, and how to respond to referee comments received. The session includes sample “revise and resubmit” reviews.
More info about the series: https://bit.ly/PublishingAgRes
PUBLISHING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNALS: Advi...IFPRI-PIM
This webinar, the 2nd in the series “Publishing Agricultural Development Research in Social Science Journals”, offers a panel discussion amongst editors or associate editors of leading journals, addressing what they look for in submissions, how to avoid “desk rejections”, how to handle reviews, proofing, and publicizing articles.
More info about the series and full recordings: https://bit.ly/PublishingAgRes
Migration and gender dynamics in irrigation governance in NepalIFPRI-PIM
Slide deck for the webinar on Nov. 25, 2020, co-organized by the Farmer Managed Irrigation System Promotion Trust (FMIST), Nepal; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); CGIAR Research Programs on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). More details and full recording: https://bit.ly/36SFxWv
PUBLISHING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNALSIFPRI-PIM
Webinar #1, recorded on Nov. 23, 2020: "The Journal Publication Landscape"
Presenters: Ruth Meinzen-Dick (IFPRI/PIM) and Cheryl Doss (Oxford/PIM)
More details about the series of webinars: https://bit.ly/PublishingAgRes
Webinar: Strengthening food value chains IFPRI-PIM
This webinar on Oct. 27, 2020, organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and Food Security Portal, presented findings from the recent CGIAR research on food value chains in three regions. Full recording and more details available at https://bit.ly/341JAiO
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)eitps1506
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆Sérgio Sacani
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDSSérgio Sacani
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Cash transfer programs and intimate partner violence – Lessons from 3 case studies around the globe
1.
2. Motivation
▪ 1 in 3 women are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) (Devries et al 2013)
▪ Economic costs range from 1-4% of GDP (e.g., García-Moreno et al. 2015)
o Women: deterioration of physical and mental health (e.g., Ellsberg et al. 2008)
o Intergenerational: poorer child development / nutrition / health; greater
likelihood of children entering into abusive relationships (e.g., Aizer 2010; Pollak 2004)
▪ Recent lit shows cash transfer (CT) programs in developing countries can reduce
IPV (Angelucci 2008; Bobonis et al 2013; Hidrobo et al 2013; Haushofer and Shapiro 2013; Perova and Vakis 2013)
o decreases in physical violence by 5–11 percentage points – although some
subgroups found at risk for increase in violence
▪ Promising given ~1 billion CT beneficiaries in over 130 countries (DFID 2011; WB 2015)
3. Motivation
▪ CTs are primarily a policy tool to respond to poverty and vulnerability
▪ But variations in design features may have implications for effects on IPV
▪ Previous studies focused on CTs, often with complementary features, targeted primarily to
women in Latin America
▪ How far can we generalize these findings?
▪ We examine 3 case studies from around the globe (Ecuador, Bangladesh, and Mali) and
address 3 distinct policy-design questions about how transfer programs can reduce IPV
o Draw on cluster-randomized controlled trials – “gold standard”
o Use mixed methods to understand “what happens” and “why”
4. 3 case studies
▪ Ecuador: Does the modality of transfer provided – food, cash, voucher –
matter for impacts on IPV?
o Modalities other than cash are widespread around the world and may better serve
other objectives – do IPV impacts differ?
▪ Bangladesh: What happens to IPV after a transfer program ends, and
does it depend on complementary activities provided along with transfers?
o Complementary features can be challenging to implement – are they needed for IPV
impacts?
o Many CT programs do not continue indefinitely – is this a sustainable approach to
reducing IPV?
▪ Mali: What are the impacts on IPV when cash transfers are targeted
primarily to men, and does it depend on household structure?
o In some regions, targeting women may be viewed as contextually inappropriate – can
targeting men affect IPV?
o Diverse household structures are common – are impacts on IPV generalizable?
5. Conceptual framework
Buller et al (2018). A mixed-method review of cash transfers and intimate partner violence in low and middle-income countries
6. Conceptual framework
Buller et al (2018). A mixed-method review of cash transfers and intimate partner violence in low and middle-income countries
7. Conceptual framework
Buller et al (2018). A mixed-method review of cash transfers and intimate partner violence in low and middle-income countries
8. Conceptual framework
Buller et al (2018). A mixed-method review of cash transfers and intimate partner violence in low and middle-income countries
9. Conceptual framework
Buller et al (2018). A mixed-method review of cash transfers and intimate partner violence in low and middle-income countries
10. Ecuador: Does the modality of transfer provided – food,
cash, voucher – matter for impacts on IPV?
▪ Cash, food, or voucher program, April 2011-
September 2011 (WFP)
▪ Design features
o Targeting: poor households and Colombian
refugees
o Recipients: Women within the household
o Size and frequency: 6 monthly transfers of $40
USD
o Complementary activities: monthly nutrition
trainings
o Objectives:
o Improve food consumption
o Reduce tensions between Colombian
refugees and Ecuadorians
o Improve women’s role in decision-making
over food consumption
11. Ecuador: Does the modality of transfer provided – food,
cash, voucher – matter for impacts on IPV?
▪ Study design (IFPRI and CEPAR)
o Location: Urban centers in 2 northern
provinces of Ecuador
o Design: Randomly assigned clusters to
either receive cash, food, vouchers, or no
transfer
o Data:
o Quantitative:
o Longitudinal: baseline, endline right
after last transfer
o WHO Violence Against Women
Instrument in both rounds
o Qualitative:
o In-depth investigation of pathways
o September 2013 – 2 years after
last transfer
12. Ecuador: Does the modality of transfer provided – food,
cash, voucher – matter for impacts on IPV?
▪ Results:
▪ 25-35% in physical violence
▪ Impacts do not significantly differ by transfer modality
20%
13% *
15% 14% *
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Control Food Cash Voucher
Percentage
Intervention arms
Physical violence, endline
(Adjusted means)
13. Ecuador: Does the modality of transfer provided – food,
cash, voucher – matter for impacts on IPV?
▪ Pathways
o Improvements in a women’s empowerment
o “When I got that [the transfer] it was both of us [who were head of the household] because
with what I got [the transfer] I could buy food and all and he could pay for other things.”
o “I always spend my time at home, I do not go out much, I do not know how to relate with
people very well and there [in the trainings], you slowly lose the shyness […] I used to be
very shy, now I am only a bit shy […]”
o Improvements in households economic well-being (food security and food
consumption)
o “In my household it was like happiness, we all got along, with my children, with my
husband […] in my house we were happy […] because before we did not have enough
money for those things [food].”
o Decreases in intra-household conflict
o “Sometimes problems arise because I am in need [of money] for one or the other thing and
there is no money and that is when problems start, the fights […] and it [transfers] helped
us a lot, he [the partner] had money to buy other things for the house or pay debts”
14. Bangladesh: What happens to IPV after a transfer program
ends, and does it depend on complementary activities
provided along with transfers?
▪ Transfer Modality Research Initiative (TMRI): May
2012 - April 2014 (WFP-Bangladesh)
▪ Design features
o Targeting: very poor rural households with a child
0-24 months at program start
o Recipients: Mother of child 0-24 months
o Size and frequency: 2 years of monthly transfers,
each worth 1500 Taka (~$18)
o Complementary activities: Intensive nutrition
behavior change communication (BCC) – weekly
group meetings, bimonthly home visits, monthly
community meetings
o Objectives:
o Improve household food security
o Improve child nutrition
o No explicit gender objective – but gender-
sensitive design
Photo credit: Aminul Khandaker, IFPRI-Dhaka
15. Bangladesh: What happens to IPV after a transfer program
ends, and does it depend on complementary activities
provided along with transfers?
▪ Study design (IFPRI and DATA)
o Location: Rural villages in northwest and southern
coast of Bangladesh
o Design: Randomly assigned villages to either
receive cash or equal-value food – with or without
BCC
o Data:
o Quantitative:
o Longitudinal data, with 6-10 months
“post-endline” survey round
o At post-endline, WHO Violence Against
Women Instrument asked of mothers
o Qualitative:
o Process evaluation during intervention
o Not focused specifically on gender
16. Bangladesh: What happens to IPV after a transfer program
ends, and does it depend on complementary activities
provided along with transfers?
▪ Results:
▪ 26% in physical violence from Transfer+BCC, 6-10 months after program ended
▪ No impact on physical violence from Transfer only, 6-10 months post-program
27% 27%
20% **
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Control Transfer Transfer+BCC
Percentage
Intervention arms
Physical violence, post-endline
(Adjusted means)
17. Bangladesh: What happens to IPV after a transfer program
ends, and does it depend on complementary activities
provided along with transfers?
▪ Pathways: Sustained effects of Transfers+BCC relative to Transfers on
o Improved women’s threat point
o Economic resources: Control over money, participation in work
o Agency: Internal locus of control, self-confidence
o Social capital: “The BCC training boosted their family status within the community. The
neighbors regularly come over to hear what the family learned in the latest training session.”
(Process evaluation)
o Increased men’s “cost” of violence
o Women’s social capital more detection/social control of physical violence
o Reduced household poverty-related stress and conflict
o Household wealth at endline, likely to be sustained
o “Previously, if she asked her husband to buy some food when there was none in the
house, he would become angry and hit her. Now, she says, he is generally quite pleasant
and does not fight with her anymore.” (Process evaluation)
18. Mali: What are the impacts on IPV when cash transfers are
targeted primarily to men, and does it depend on household
structure?
▪ Programme de Filets Sociaux Au Mali (Jigisemejiri):
2014 – ongoing (Government of Mali)
▪ Design features
o Targeting: Poor rural households
o Recipients: Heads of household, primarily men
o Size and frequency: Quarterly transfers, each
30,000 FCFA (~$18/month)
o Complementary activities: Bi-monthly trainings
(nutrition, health, finances, use of cash);
preventive nutrition packets (not part of this study)
o Objectives:
o Improve household food security
o Improve child nutrition
o No gender-related objective
19. Mali: What are the impacts on IPV when cash transfers are
targeted primarily to men, and does it depend on household
structure?
▪ Study design (IFPRI and IRD)
o Location: Five southern regions – Sikasso,
Koulikoro, Kayes, Mopti, Segou.
o 36% households are polygamous.
o Design: Randomly assigned communes to either
receive treatment (transfers + training) or control
o Data:
o Quantitative:
o Longitudinal data
o Midline round (1-2 years of intervention)
used for IPV analysis
o Detailed modules on pathways related
to men
o WHO Violence Against Women
Instrument
o Qualitative:
o In-depth interviews with men and
women in polygamous and
monogamous households
o Analysis underway (not yet presenting)
20. Mali: What are the impacts on IPV when cash transfers are
targeted primarily to men, and does it depend on household
structure?
▪ Results:
▪ 41% in physical violence in polygamous households
▪ No impact on physical violence in monogamous households
12%
13%
18%
11% **
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Control Treatment Control Treatment
MONOGAMOUS POLYGAMOUS
Physical violence, midline
(Adjusted means)
21. Mali: What are the impacts on IPV when cash transfers are
targeted primarily to men, and does it depend on household
structure?
▪ Pathways: In polygamous households more than monogamous households,
o Improved men’s emotional well-being
o Men’s stress and anxiety
o Decreased intra-household conflict
o Self-reported disputes between spouses
o No evidence of significant changes in women’s empowerment
▪ Ongoing exploration of why these differ for polygamous vs. monogamous
o Higher conflict and stress in polygamous households in the absence of program – more
potential for impact?
o Do observables explain some of the differences?
o Something inherent to intrahousehold dynamics in polygamous households?
22. Take-aways for design of cash transfers to reduce IPV
▪ Commonalities in findings despite diverse program features and context
o Cash transfers reduce IPV in all three case studies, even though not the main
program objective
o Although there is potential for transfers to IPV, we do not find evidence of this
occurring in any of the three case studies
▪ Do variations in program features and context matter?
o Cash vs. food vs. voucher will not necessarily change impacts on IPV
o Complementary activities may be important for sustaining impacts on IPV
o Transfers targeted to men can reduce IPV, but it may depend on context
23. Take-aways for design of cash transfers to reduce IPV
▪ Important when designing CT programs to think about how features and context affect
pathways
o Impacts on IPV may revert if the program does not sustainably affect pathways
o Pathways may depend on household structure or other contextual factors
▪ Transfer programs are promising as a scalable approach to reducing IPV globally, but
more rigorous evidence is needed to explore generalizability
o Valuable evidence generated by measuring IPV in evaluations even if not the
primary program objective
o Important to incorporate qualitative work to understand pathways
24. Acknowledgments and references
▪ We gratefully acknowledge funding from the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and
Markets (PIM); the Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI); the World Bank; the International Initiative
for Impact Evaluation (3ie); the Government of Mali; the Government of Spain via the World Food
Programme; and an anonymous donor.
▪ References for case studies:
o Buller, A. M., Hidrobo, M., Peterman, A., & Heise, L. (2016). The way to a man’s heart is through his stomach?: a
mixed methods study on causal mechanisms through which cash and in-kind food transfers decreased intimate
partner violence. BMC Public Health, 16(488), 1–13.
o Hidrobo, M., Peterman, A., & Heise, L. (2016). The effect of cash, vouchers, and food transfers on intimate
partner violence: Evidence from a randomized experiment in Northern Ecuador. American Economic Journal:
Applied Economics, 8(3).
o Roy, S., Hidrobo, M., Hoddinott, J. & Akhter, A. (2017).Transfers, Behavior Change Communication, and Intimate
Partner Violence: Postprogram Evidence from Rural Bangladesh. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1676.
o Buller, A. M., Peterman, A., Ranganathan, M., Bleile, A., Hidrobo, M., & Heise, L. (2018). A mixed-method review
of cash transfers and intimate partner violence in low and middle-income countries. In press, World Bank
Research Observer
o Heath, R., Hidrobo, M., Roy, S. (2018). Cash transfers, polygamy, and intimate partner violence: Experimental
evidence from Mali. (Working paper)