This document summarizes efforts to improve the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) by discussing various studies and initiatives. It provides an overview of the different versions of the WEAI (original, abbreviated, project-specific, and value chain-specific) and how the index is constructed. It also shares key findings from applying the WEAI in multiple countries, such as workload and access to credit being common constraints. Additionally, it discusses preliminary results from a Philippines pilot that identify workload and group membership as top disempowerment factors. The document demonstrates how the WEAI can inform programming to empower women, using Bangladesh's ANGeL project as an example.
Methods for studying gender dynamics in value chains beyond the production no...IFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar recorded on Oct. 28, 2021. Presenters: Jessica Leight (IFPRI); Emily Gallagher (CIFOR); and Kate Ambler (IFPRI). More information at https://bit.ly/GDVCweb
Strengthening developing-country seed systems and markets. Policy trade-offs,...IFPRI-PIM
Presentation by David Spielman (IFPRI) at the PIM Webinar held on 25 October 2017. See more here: http://pim.cgiar.org/2017/09/29/webinar-strengthening-developing-country-seed-systems-and-markets-policy-trade-offs-unintended-consequences-and-operational-realities/
Cash transfer programs and intimate partner violence – Lessons from 3 case st...IFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar held on March 28, 2018 by Melissa Hidrobo and Shalini Roy (IFPRI) discusses how cash transfers can reduce intimate partner violence (IPV). The presenters review 3 PIM-funded studies (in Ecuador, Bangladesh, and Mali) that explore impacts of transfer programs on IPV. A more detailed description and recording of the webinar is available at http://bit.ly/PIMwebinarIPV
Gender dynamics in value chains: Beyond production node and a single commodit...IFPRI-PIM
1st webinar in the series summarizing results of the Gender Dynamics in Value Chain project, supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) in 2019-2021. More information: https://bit.ly/GDVCweb
Improving Research Engagement to Support Policy and Institutional ChangeIFPRI-PIM
Webinar recorded on 23 Sept. 2020, co-organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), the CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems, and Collaborating for Resilience (CoRe).
Too often, research aiming to inform public policies or strengthen institutions for effective policy implementation remains disconnected from the real political economy of policy and institutional reform. This webinar introduces a new rubric to assess opportunities for research partnerships that navigate this complex terrain of power and leverage sometimes unexpected spaces of engagement.
Full recording at https://bit.ly/2GFIdx1.
Agricultural extension and rural advisory services: From research to actionIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar, 11 November 2021 // Presentation of innovative interventions that can be applied and adapted to enhance extension performance // Summary of agricultural extension research supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM).
Event page (full recording): https://bit.ly/3jRTRWy
See more on www.pim.cgiar.org
Methods for studying gender dynamics in value chains beyond the production no...IFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar recorded on Oct. 28, 2021. Presenters: Jessica Leight (IFPRI); Emily Gallagher (CIFOR); and Kate Ambler (IFPRI). More information at https://bit.ly/GDVCweb
Strengthening developing-country seed systems and markets. Policy trade-offs,...IFPRI-PIM
Presentation by David Spielman (IFPRI) at the PIM Webinar held on 25 October 2017. See more here: http://pim.cgiar.org/2017/09/29/webinar-strengthening-developing-country-seed-systems-and-markets-policy-trade-offs-unintended-consequences-and-operational-realities/
Cash transfer programs and intimate partner violence – Lessons from 3 case st...IFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar held on March 28, 2018 by Melissa Hidrobo and Shalini Roy (IFPRI) discusses how cash transfers can reduce intimate partner violence (IPV). The presenters review 3 PIM-funded studies (in Ecuador, Bangladesh, and Mali) that explore impacts of transfer programs on IPV. A more detailed description and recording of the webinar is available at http://bit.ly/PIMwebinarIPV
Gender dynamics in value chains: Beyond production node and a single commodit...IFPRI-PIM
1st webinar in the series summarizing results of the Gender Dynamics in Value Chain project, supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) in 2019-2021. More information: https://bit.ly/GDVCweb
Improving Research Engagement to Support Policy and Institutional ChangeIFPRI-PIM
Webinar recorded on 23 Sept. 2020, co-organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), the CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems, and Collaborating for Resilience (CoRe).
Too often, research aiming to inform public policies or strengthen institutions for effective policy implementation remains disconnected from the real political economy of policy and institutional reform. This webinar introduces a new rubric to assess opportunities for research partnerships that navigate this complex terrain of power and leverage sometimes unexpected spaces of engagement.
Full recording at https://bit.ly/2GFIdx1.
Agricultural extension and rural advisory services: From research to actionIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar, 11 November 2021 // Presentation of innovative interventions that can be applied and adapted to enhance extension performance // Summary of agricultural extension research supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM).
Event page (full recording): https://bit.ly/3jRTRWy
See more on www.pim.cgiar.org
Rhiannon Pyburn, Illiana Monterroso, Hazel Malapit, Katrina Kosec, Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Jennifer Twyman, and Dina Najjar
POLICY SEMINAR
Crafting the Next Generation of CGIAR Gender Research
Co-Organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets and IFPRI
OCT 30, 2019 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
Motivation and objectives
Analyzing Gender Issues in Agriculture
Developing Research Questions and Identifying Methodologies
Collecting Sex-Disaggregated Data
Gender in Agriculture for Nutrition and HealthIFPRI-PIM
This poster was presented by Hazel Malapit (A4NH / IFPRI) for the pre-Annual Scientific Conference meeting organized for the CGIAR research program gender research coordinators on 4 December.
The annual scientific conference of the CGIAR collaborative platform for gender research took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Agnes Quisumbing
SPECIAL EVENT
A Decade of the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI): Lessons from Using Empowerment Metrics
Co-Organized by IFPRI, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)
FEB 16, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EST
Climate resilience and job prospects for young people in agricultureIFPRI-PIM
Climate change matters for all people. Does it matter particularly for young people? If so, where and how?
PIM Webinar, February 7, 2019.
Presenters: Karen Brooks, Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University and Keith Wiebe, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI.
For more information, slides, and podcast visit http://bit.ly/CRJYwebr
Gender analysis of agricultural innovation systems in East AfricaILRI
Presented by Margaret Najjingo Mangheni and Sarah Cardey at the Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
Rhiannon Pyburn, Anouka van Eerdewij, Vivian Polar, Iliana Monterroso Ibarra and Cynthia McDougall
BOOK LAUNCH
Advancing Gender Equality through Agricultural and Environmental Research: Past, Present, and Future
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
NOV 23, 2021 - 09:00 AM TO 10:15 AM EST
Presented by Kathleen Earl Colverson at the Africa RISING Integrating Gender into Agricultural Programming training, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18-20 August 2014
A trainer's manual" (available at http://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/33426)
Accounting for gender-related structures of agricultural value chainsIFPRI-PIM
Presentation by Tanguy Bernard, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI, made during the “International value chains in agriculture: challenges and opportunities to address gender inequalities” session at the WTO PUBLIC FORUM 2016
Integrating gender into livestock value chainsILRI
Presented by Kathleen Colverson at the Workshop on In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013
Developing gender capacities from higher educationILRI
Presented by Marina Ulmos (National Agrarian University, Nicaragua) at the Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
Session 2a - Quisumbing and Malapit - Using the WEAI for analysis in differen...IFPRI-WEAI
Presentation by Agnes Quisumbing and Hazel Malapit (IFPRI) at "A Learning Event for the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index," held November 21, 2013 in Washington DC.
Rhiannon Pyburn, Illiana Monterroso, Hazel Malapit, Katrina Kosec, Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Jennifer Twyman, and Dina Najjar
POLICY SEMINAR
Crafting the Next Generation of CGIAR Gender Research
Co-Organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets and IFPRI
OCT 30, 2019 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
Motivation and objectives
Analyzing Gender Issues in Agriculture
Developing Research Questions and Identifying Methodologies
Collecting Sex-Disaggregated Data
Gender in Agriculture for Nutrition and HealthIFPRI-PIM
This poster was presented by Hazel Malapit (A4NH / IFPRI) for the pre-Annual Scientific Conference meeting organized for the CGIAR research program gender research coordinators on 4 December.
The annual scientific conference of the CGIAR collaborative platform for gender research took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Agnes Quisumbing
SPECIAL EVENT
A Decade of the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI): Lessons from Using Empowerment Metrics
Co-Organized by IFPRI, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)
FEB 16, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EST
Climate resilience and job prospects for young people in agricultureIFPRI-PIM
Climate change matters for all people. Does it matter particularly for young people? If so, where and how?
PIM Webinar, February 7, 2019.
Presenters: Karen Brooks, Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University and Keith Wiebe, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI.
For more information, slides, and podcast visit http://bit.ly/CRJYwebr
Gender analysis of agricultural innovation systems in East AfricaILRI
Presented by Margaret Najjingo Mangheni and Sarah Cardey at the Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
Rhiannon Pyburn, Anouka van Eerdewij, Vivian Polar, Iliana Monterroso Ibarra and Cynthia McDougall
BOOK LAUNCH
Advancing Gender Equality through Agricultural and Environmental Research: Past, Present, and Future
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
NOV 23, 2021 - 09:00 AM TO 10:15 AM EST
Presented by Kathleen Earl Colverson at the Africa RISING Integrating Gender into Agricultural Programming training, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18-20 August 2014
A trainer's manual" (available at http://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/33426)
Accounting for gender-related structures of agricultural value chainsIFPRI-PIM
Presentation by Tanguy Bernard, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI, made during the “International value chains in agriculture: challenges and opportunities to address gender inequalities” session at the WTO PUBLIC FORUM 2016
Integrating gender into livestock value chainsILRI
Presented by Kathleen Colverson at the Workshop on In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013
Developing gender capacities from higher educationILRI
Presented by Marina Ulmos (National Agrarian University, Nicaragua) at the Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
Session 2a - Quisumbing and Malapit - Using the WEAI for analysis in differen...IFPRI-WEAI
Presentation by Agnes Quisumbing and Hazel Malapit (IFPRI) at "A Learning Event for the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index," held November 21, 2013 in Washington DC.
Gender, women’s empowerment, and nutrition: A review, new evidence, and guide...IFPRI-PIM
This presentation was given by Hazel Malapit (IFPRI), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Gender, women’s empowerment, and nutrition: A review, new evidence, and guide...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Hazel Malapit (IFPRI), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Nurturing connections: advancing gender equality for improved nutrition and l...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Ramona Ridolfi (Hellen Keller International), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019
"Partnering for Impact: IFPRI-European Research Collaboration for Improved Food and Nutrition Security" presentation by Ruth Meinzen-Dick, IFPRI, 25 November 2013 in Brussels, Belgium.
NAP Training Viet Nam - Designing and Monitoring Gender Indicators in Climate...UNDP Climate
This two-day workshop supported the Government of Viet Nam in building the necessary capacity to advance its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process. The workshop closely focused on building National Adaptation Plans in the agricultural sector through multi-stakeholder collaboration, and increased knowledge and capacity on a number of topics including: prioritization of adaptation options, cost-benefit analysis, overview of the broad-based nature of climate change adaption impacts, analysis of challenges, and creation of an open discussion with key stakeholders on defining a road-map for the NAP process. The workshop was delivered using discussions and case studies to enhance interactive learning for participants, with supporting presentations by GiZ and SNV.
Agnes Quisumbing, IFPRI - Global evidence on agriculture and rural developmen...POSHAN
Presentation made at an IFPRI event on "What Lies Beneath:
Women’s and Girls’ Wellbeing as a Critical Underpinning of India’s Nutritional Challenge" on December 10, 2018, in New Delhi
Cash transfers and intimate partner violence: Case studies from Ethiopia and ...IFPRI-PIM
Webinar organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and the Cash Transfer and Intimate Partner Violence Research Collaborative in support of the annual 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence campaign. More information and full recording available at https://bit.ly/3pOlJx0
African Farmers, Value Chains, and African DevelopmentIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar/Book Launch, December 9, 2021.
At first glance, African smallholder farmers might seem unproductive, as their crops yield much less than potential and are often of variable quality. A new PIM-supported book “African Farmers, Value Chains, and Agricultural Development” argues that in fact they are largely producing following rational economic decisions, and that this situation is a consequence of the economic and institutional environment in which they produce. The authors Alan de Brauw and Erwin Bulte discuss ways that different types of transaction costs limit their market opportunities in general, including transport costs but also costs related to different sources of risks, trust, market power, liquidity, and even storage.
More information and full webinar recording: https://bit.ly/3rMpdTi
Tenure Security and Landscape Governance of Natural ResourcesIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar recorded on December 7, 2021. For more information and the recording of the webinar, and to access the briefs, visit https://bit.ly/3xZDBs6
COVID-19 and agricultural value chains: Impacts and adaptationsIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar recorded on November 29, 2021.
Presenters: Ben Belton - Global Lead, Social and Economic Inclusion, WorldFish
Diego Naziri – value chain and postharvest specialist, International Potato Center (CIP); Leader of “Nutritious Food and Value Added through Post-harvest Innovation” research flagship in the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB)
Gashaw Tadesse Abate - Research Fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Abut Hayat Md. Saiful Islam – Professor at Department of Agricultural Economics at Bangladesh Agricultural University in Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Marcel Gatto – Agricultural Economist at the International Potato Center (CIP).
Humnath Bhandari - Senior Agricultural Economist and Country Representative, IRRI Bangladesh.
G.M. Monirul Alam - Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Full recording of the webinar available at https://bit.ly/3DN18in
Inclusive and Efficient Value Chains: Innovations, Scaling, and Way ForwardIFPRI-PIM
In the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), market and related aspects have been mostly addressed by PIM Flagship 3: Inclusive and Efficient Value Chains. The team has been focusing on the evolving international, regional, and local contexts for agricultural markets, and investigating how value chains (VC) can be strengthened to generate more benefits for smallholders and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), with differentiated opportunities for women, men, and youth. In this webinar on 22 November 2021, the team presented key findings from the Flagship’s work in 2017-2021 in three areas: 1) value chain innovations, 2) use of value chains for scaling CGIAR solutions, and 3) interactions between research and practice for value chain development.
For more information about this webinar and to access the full recording, visit https://bit.ly/3c6siV5.
Measuring employment and consumption in household surveys: Reflections from t...IFPRI-PIM
Webinar organized the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets, led by IFPRI, on July 13, 2021.
Presentations:
- Are we done yet? Response fatigue and rural livelihoods (Sylvan Herskowitz, Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Assessing response fatigue in phone survey: Experimental evidence on dietary diversity in Ethiopia (Kibrom Abay, Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Telescoping causes overstatement in recalled food consumption: Evidence from a survey experiment in Ethiopia (Kalle Hirvonen, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI)
Discussant: Andrew Dillon, Clinical Associate Professor of Development Economics within Kellogg's Public-Private Interface Initiative (KPPI); Director of Research Methods Cluster in the Global Poverty Research Lab, Northwestern University.
Moderator: Kate Ambler, Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
More info and full recording: https://bit.ly/2TrpaNF
Webinar about the new book "Value Chain Development and The Poor: Promise, delivery, and opportunities for impact at scale" (eds. Jason Donovan, Dietmar Stoian, and Jon Hellin), recorded on June 17, 2021. For more information and video recording, visit https://bit.ly/3goPP5r
Feminization of agriculture: Building evidence to debunk myths on current cha...IFPRI-PIM
This PIM webinar recorded on Jun 10, 2021 presents the findings from five projects that comprised a set of PIM grants on Feminization of Agriculture: Building evidence to debunk myths on current challenges and opportunities. Research teams from across CGIAR worked since 2018 to explore the dynamics and impacts of migration, including male-outmigration, on gender relations in agriculture and natural resource domains. More info: https://bit.ly/FemofAg1
Beyond agriculture: Measuring agri-food system GDP and employmentIFPRI-PIM
Webinar with James Thurlow (IFPRI/CGIAR-PIM) presenting a new approach for measuring agri-food system GDP and employment. (Recorded on April 8, 2021)
More info and full recording: https://bit.ly/mafsGDP
Webinar: COVID-19 risk and food value chains (presentation 3)IFPRI-PIM
Presentation "COVID-19 Impacts on Fish Value Chains in Nigeria" by Ben Belton, MSU/WorldFish.
More info and recording of this webinar:
https://bit.ly/COVID-FVC
Webinar: COVID-19 risk and food value chains (presentation 2)IFPRI-PIM
Presentation "COVID-19 risk and food value chains: Insights from India" by Sudha Narayanan, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research.
More info and full recording of this webinar:
https://bit.ly/COVID-FVC
Webinar: COVID-19 risk and food value chains (presentation 1)IFPRI-PIM
Presentation "Food Consumption and Food Security during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Addis Ababa" by Kalle Hirvoven, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
PUBLISHING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNALS:WRITI...IFPRI-PIM
This webinar, the 3rd and final in the series “Publishing Agricultural Development Research in Social Science Journals”, focuses on the specifics of the referee process—how (and why) to do good reviews, and how to respond to referee comments received. The session includes sample “revise and resubmit” reviews.
More info about the series: https://bit.ly/PublishingAgRes
PUBLISHING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNALS: Advi...IFPRI-PIM
This webinar, the 2nd in the series “Publishing Agricultural Development Research in Social Science Journals”, offers a panel discussion amongst editors or associate editors of leading journals, addressing what they look for in submissions, how to avoid “desk rejections”, how to handle reviews, proofing, and publicizing articles.
More info about the series and full recordings: https://bit.ly/PublishingAgRes
Migration and gender dynamics in irrigation governance in NepalIFPRI-PIM
Slide deck for the webinar on Nov. 25, 2020, co-organized by the Farmer Managed Irrigation System Promotion Trust (FMIST), Nepal; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); CGIAR Research Programs on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). More details and full recording: https://bit.ly/36SFxWv
PUBLISHING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNALSIFPRI-PIM
Webinar #1, recorded on Nov. 23, 2020: "The Journal Publication Landscape"
Presenters: Ruth Meinzen-Dick (IFPRI/PIM) and Cheryl Doss (Oxford/PIM)
More details about the series of webinars: https://bit.ly/PublishingAgRes
Webinar: Strengthening food value chains IFPRI-PIM
This webinar on Oct. 27, 2020, organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and Food Security Portal, presented findings from the recent CGIAR research on food value chains in three regions. Full recording and more details available at https://bit.ly/341JAiO
Does Strengthening Extension at the Meso Level Improve Quality at the Village...IFPRI-PIM
Evidence from the USAID Strengthening Agricultural and Nutrition Extension (SANE) Activity. Presentation by Paul McNamara, AgReach (March 5, 2020). For more details, visit http://bit.ly/FutureAgExt
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
3. Efforts to improve data quality and
availability for gender analysis
• Doss, Cheryl; Kieran, Caitlin; Kilic, Talip. 2017. Measuring ownership, control, and use of assets. Policy
Research working paper; no. WPS 8146. World Bank Group.
• Seymour, Greg; Malapit, Hazel Jean; Quisumbing, Agnes R. 2017. Measuring time use in development
settings. Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 8147. World Bank Group.
• Donald, Aletheia Amalia; Koolwal, Gayatri B.; Annan, Jeannie Ruth; Falb, Kathryn; Goldstein, Markus P.
2017. Measuring women's agency. Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 8148. World Bank Group.
The Gender Asset
Gap Project
WEAI Resource Center - http://www.ifpri.org/book-9075/ourwork/program/weai-resource-center
4. Where in the world is WEAI?
47 countries and counting
6. What is the WEAI?
• Measures inclusion of women in the
agricultural sector
• Survey-based index - interviews men
and women in the same household
• Methodology:
– Similar to multi-dimensional
poverty indices (Alkire and Foster
2011) and the Foster-Greere-
Thorbeck (FGT) indices
– Details on index construction in
Alkire et al. (2013)
7. How is the Index constructed?
• An aggregate index in two
parts:
• Five Domains of
Empowerment (5DE)
• Gender Parity Index (GPI)
• Constructed using interviews
of the primary male and
primary female adults in the
same household
8. Why so many WEAIs?
Different strokes for different folks!
Original WEAI
Abbreviated WEAI
(A-WEAI)
Project WEAI (Pro-WEAI)
WEAI for Value Chains
(WEAI4VC)
9. Pro-WEAI
• Project-level WEAI under development in Phase 2 of
the Gender, Agriculture & Assets Project (GAAP2)
• Supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, USAID,
and A4NH
• A-WEAI as starting point
– Adds intervention-specific modules/questions
– Comparable to other projects/activities working on similar
interventions
Core set of pro-WEAI
empowerment modules
• Quantitative survey
• Qualitative protocols
Standardized add-ons depending
on project needs:
• Nutrition and health
• Livestock-enhanced
+
10. WEAI4VC
• Expands empowerment measure to cover multiple stages, different
types of actors in the value chain
• Pro-WEAI quantitative and qualitative protocols as starting point
• Expands production module to livelihoods, including entrepreneurship and
wage work
Bangladesh WEAI4VC Pilot
• Supported by USAID
• Assess empowerment and gender parity of
women as producers, entrepreneurs, wage
workers across entire agricultural value chain
• Pilot survey on 1200 households in FTF ZOI
(400/group)
Philippines WEAI4VC Pilot
• Supported by MCC
• Assess empowerment and gender parity
of women across 4 priority value chains
(abaca, coconut, seaweed, swine)
• Pilot survey with 1600 households in 4
provinces (Sorsogon, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte)
13. Cross-country baseline findings: credit, workload and
group membership are constraints across countries
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
DisempowermentIndex(1-5DE)
Leisure
Workload
Speaking in public
Group member
Control over use of income
Access to and decisions on credit
Purchase, sale, or transfer of assets
Ownership of assets
Autonomy in production
Input in productive decisions
Source: Malapit et al. (2014)
14. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Change in % of primary female decision-makers with
adequacy in Access to and control over credit
Source: USAID/BFS MEL Team
INDICATOR INCREASED OR DECREASED
BETWEEN BASELINE AND INTERIM
15. Source: USAID/BFS MEL Team
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Change in % of primary female decision-makers with
adequacy in Workload
INDICATOR INCREASED OR DECREASED
BETWEEN BASELINE AND INTERIM
16. What have we learned?
Dimensions of empowerment and maternal and child
nutrition
17. What dimensions of empowerment matter for
maternal and child nutrition?
• Data from 6 countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ghana, Nepal (Suaahara),
Mozambique, Tanzania
• Bangladesh is nationally-representative of rural areas
• The rest representative of project areas and/or the ZOI
• Estimate relationship between nutrition outcomes and women’s
empowerment using quantitative (regression) analysis
• The analysis also looked at differential effects on the nutrition of girls compared to
boys
• Associations only, NOT causality!
• Accounts for individual (age, education), household (household size, wealth quintile)
and community characteristics
Agnes Quisumbing, Kathryn Sproule, Elena
Martinez, Hazel Malapit (2017)
18. 0.04** 0.05*
-0.06**
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
HHS WDDS BMI HAZ WHZ WAZ EBF CDDS
Standarddeviation
Bangladesh
Women’s 5DE score and nutritional outcomes
-0.05**
0.10***
0.05*
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
HHS WDDS BMI HAZ WHZ WAZ EBF CDDS
Nepal
0.48***
-0.5
-0.3
-0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
HHS WDDS BMI HAZ WHZ WAZ EBF CDDS
Cambodia
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
HHS WDDS BMI HAZ WHZ WAZ EBF CDDS
Standarddeviation
Ghana
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
HHS WDDS CDDS
Mozambique
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
HHS WDDS BMI
Tanzania
Notes: Preliminary findings from A4NH report by Quisumbing et al (2017), “Gender and women’s empowerment in nutrition-sensitive agriculture: New evidence and
implications for programming”. Charts report effect sizes, defined as the number of sample standard deviations in the household, maternal, and child nutrition variables that are
associated with a 1.0-SD change in the empowerment measure. Stars indicate statistical significance at the 10% (*), 5% (**) and 1% (***) levels.
19. -0.05*** -0.04*
0.09*
-0.11*
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
HHS WDDS BMI HAZ WHZ WAZ EBF CDDS
Standarddeviation
Bangladesh
-0.09***
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
HHS WDDS BMI HAZ WHZ WAZ EBF CDDS
Nepal
-0.28*
-0.5
-0.3
-0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
HHS WDDS BMI HAZ WHZ WAZ EBF CDDS
Cambodia
Intrahousehold inequality score and
nutritional outcomes
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
HHS WDDS BMI HAZ WHZ WAZ EBF CDDS
Standarddeviation
Ghana
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
HHS WDDS CDDS
Mozambique
-0.18*
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
HHS WDDS* BMI
Tanzania
Notes: Preliminary findings from A4NH report by Quisumbing et al (2017), “Gender and women’s empowerment in nutrition-sensitive agriculture: New evidence and implications for
programming”. Charts report effect sizes, defined as the number of sample standard deviations in the household, maternal, and child nutrition variables that are associated with a 1.0-SD
change in the empowerment measure. Stars indicate statistical significance at the 10% (*), 5% (**) and 1% (***) levels.
20. Nepal - women’s nutritional outcomes
-0.10***
-0.05**
-0.07***
0.06***
0.10***
-0.06***
-0.04*
0.07***
-0.06** -0.06***
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
Ag decisions Autonomy in
production
Ag assets
owned
Ag assets w/
rights
Credit
decisions
Income
decisions
Group
membership
Speaking in
public
Hours worked Leisure
Standarddeviation
WDDS
BMI
Notes: Preliminary findings from A4NH report by Quisumbing et al (2017), “Gender and women’s empowerment in nutrition-sensitive agriculture: New evidence and
implications for programming”. Charts report effect sizes, defined as the number of sample standard deviations in the household, maternal, and child nutrition variables that are
associated with a 1.0-SD change in the empowerment measure. Stars indicate statistical significance at the 10% (*), 5% (**) and 1% (***) levels.
21. Lessons learned
• Overall empowerment appears to be more important in the Asian
countries (especially Bangladesh and Nepal) in our sample compared
to the African ones
• Greater equality within households is almost always associated with
positive nutritional outcomes, indicating importance of a household
working together to generate good nutrition for the family
• Tradeoffs exist between agriculture-nutrition pathways and women’s
empowerment
22. Lessons learned
• The WEAI can be used to identify policy and programming priorities
by disaggregating the contribution of each indicator to women’s
disempowerment
• Our results suggest that interventions targeting top contributors to
disempowerment that could potentially improve a range of
nutritional outcomes could be very cost-effective, BUT we need to be
mindful of tradeoffs
• Given results are based on associations, not impact evaluations,
gender- and nutrition-sensitive agricultural programs that address the
top contributors to women’s disempowerment would need to be
rigorously evaluated both in terms of impact and cost-effectiveness to
guide future programming
23. What have we learned?
Preliminary findings from Philippines WEAI4VC pilot
24. Workload and group membership contribute
most to disempowerment
0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
AbacaCoconutSeaweedSwine
Disempowerment score (1-5DE)
Input in productive decisions
Autonomy in production
Ownership of assets
Purchase, sale, or transfer of assets
Access to and decisions on credit
Control over use of income
Group member
Workload
25. Gender gaps in average achievements by sub-indicator
Legend: Colors represent whether gaps favor FEMALES, MALES, or NEITHER.
Rankings 1, 2, 3 indicate the sub-indicators with the largest achievement gaps between women
and men within each value chain. Value chain
Sub-indicators
Abaca Coconut Seaweed Swine
Input in productive decisions
Input in decisions about VC activities
Participation in decisions about VC activities
Autonomy in production 3
Access to information about agricultural activities
Access to information important for VC activities
Autonomy in working conditions
Autonomy in wage work
Ownership of assets
Rights over assets 2
Access to and decisions on credit 1
Access to financial account 1 1
Control over use of income
Control over use of agricultural income
Control over use of non-agricultural income 1
Control over household purchases
Input in decisions about income from VC activities
Input in decisions about consumption of output
Autonomy in income 2 2
Group membership
Workload 3 1
Mutual respect among household members 2
Attitudes about domestic violence from husband
Attitudes about domestic violence from employer
Access to community programs 3
Access to extension services
Livelihoods
Resources
Income
Leadership
Time
Intrahousehold relationships
Access to information & extension
26. Gender gaps in average achievements by sub-indicator
Legend: Colors represent whether gaps favor FEMALES, MALES, or NEITHER.
Rankings 1, 2, 3 indicate the sub-indicators with the largest achievement gaps between women
and men within each value chain. Value chain
Sub-indicators
Abaca Coconut Seaweed Swine
Input in productive decisions
Input in decisions about VC activities
Participation in decisions about VC activities
Autonomy in production 3
Access to information about agricultural activities
Access to information important for VC activities
Autonomy in working conditions
Autonomy in wage work
Ownership of assets
Rights over assets 3
Access to and decisions on credit 1
Access to financial account 1 1
Control over use of income
Control over use of agricultural income
Control over use of non-agricultural income 1
Control over household purchases
Input in decisions about income from VC activities
Input in decisions about consumption of output
Autonomy in income 2 2
Group membership
Workload 3 1
Mutual respect among household members 2
Attitudes about domestic violence from husband
Attitudes about domestic violence from employer
Access to community programs 3
Access to extension services
Livelihoods
Resources
Income
Leadership
Time
Intrahousehold relationships
Access to information & extension
27. Gender gaps in average achievements by sub-indicator
Legend: Colors represent whether gaps favor FEMALES, MALES, or NEITHER.
Rankings 1, 2, 3 indicate the sub-indicators with the largest achievement gaps between women
and men within each value chain. Value chain
Sub-indicators
Abaca Coconut Seaweed Swine
Input in productive decisions
Input in decisions about VC activities
Participation in decisions about VC activities
Autonomy in production 3
Access to information about agricultural activities
Access to information important for VC activities
Autonomy in working conditions
Autonomy in wage work
Ownership of assets
Rights over assets 2
Access to and decisions on credit 1
Access to financial account 1 1
Control over use of income
Control over use of agricultural income
Control over use of non-agricultural income 1
Control over household purchases
Input in decisions about income from VC activities
Input in decisions about consumption of output
Autonomy in income 2 2
Group membership
Workload 3 1
Mutual respect among household members 2
Attitudes about domestic violence from husband
Attitudes about domestic violence from employer
Access to community programs 3
Access to extension services
Livelihoods
Resources
Income
Leadership
Time
Intrahousehold relationships
Access to information & extension
28. Philippines WEAI4VC Pilot: Preliminary findings
• (Original) WEAI scores are relatively high
• Some consistent findings across value chains
• Top constraints: Workload and group membership
• Very low achievements in autonomy in wage work and working conditions
• Some sub-indicators favor men, some favor women
• Implications for program design
• Explore ways to reduce time burdens
• Groups may not be an effective delivery platform for interventions
• To reduce gender gaps, specific interventions targeted to men or women
• Points to what constraints to pay attention to, but now how to overcome
them – Need qualitative work to dig deeper (stay tuned!)
29. What have we learned?
Using the WEAI to inform programming
30. Example: The Agriculture, Nutrition, and Gender
Linkages (ANGeL) project in Bangladesh
• Bangladesh had the lowest women’s empowerment scores out
of 19 Feed the Future Countries at baseline (2012)
• The Ministry of Agriculture worked with IFPRI to design,
implement, and evaluate a pilot program to see what worked
best to empower women
• Agricultural extension directed to men and women farmers
(Reach)
• Behavior change communication to improve nutrition
knowledge (Benefit)
• Gender sensitization of men and communities to support
women in their productive and reproductive roles
(Empower)
• The project is now being piloted; endline results will be
available next year (and we will know which approach works
best to improve food security).
32. WEAI in other organizations
• Implemented in 47 countries – all types of WEAIs
• Exploring integration of WEAI into national surveys
• Ongoing discussions with FAO, WB, BMGF
33. What’s next?
• Additional analyses: How is empowerment related to everything else
that we care about?
• How do we understand women’s empowerment in the context of
households, families, and communities?
• How can empowerment questions and modules best be incorporated
into national surveys?
Might be good to mention as part of the partnership with BMGF
The WEAI was developed by IFPRI, USAID, and OPHI in 2012 to measure the greater inclusion of women in the agricultural sector as a result of US Government’s Feed the Future (FTF) Initiative
It is a survey-based index constructed using interviews of the primary male and primary female adults in the same household
Key aspect of index construction: similar to family of multi-dimensional poverty indices (Alkire and Foster 2011, J of Public Econ) and the Foster-Greere-Thorbeck (FGT) indices
Details on index construction in Alkire et al. (2013), World Development
Population-based household surveys
Shorter, resource-efficient tool
Diversity of interventions
Under development. Stands for “Project WEAI”. Intended to be applicable to various types of agriculture and food security projects, depending upon their focus (i.e. nutrition, livestock, etc.). Uses the A-WEAI as a starting point and adds specialized project-relevant modules, designed and tested by the WEAI team. Indicators still to be validated; cut-offs and weights to be adjusted.
What are we doing in GAAP2?
Develop methods and tools for pro-WEAI: develop and pilot pro-WEAI, to consist of a refined, tested, minimal set of core indicators of women’s empowerment in agriculture, plus add-on modules adaptable to the needs of specific projects.
Identify and recommend evidence-based strategies for empowering women through agricultural development projects, based on assessments of 12-14 participating projects that have used and adapted these strategies, plus comparative analysis and synthesis.
Build a cadre of development professionals: implementers, monitoring and evaluation specialists, donors and researchers—who understand and use measures of women’s empowerment to design, implement and assess programs.
Shows how WEAI has evolved through the different versions
Track empowerment of and identify the constraints facing the female agricultural entrepreneurs and wage earners
Identify opportunities for empowerment in different value chains
Mixed methods:
In both sites, the qualitative research will take place between Aug-Oct, to: (1) Validate the quantitative surveys, (2) Explore men’s and women’s views on empowerment across the value chain, (3) Investigate barriers to entry and growth in value chains of different commodities
Bangladesh -- Conducted as part of IFPRI’s Policy Research and Strategy Support Program in USAID’s Zone of Influence
Philippines -- Conducted by the Office of Population Studies (OPS) of the University of San Carlos on the coconut and seaweed value chains, in Bohol and Leyte
WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED (IFPRI):
Very brief intro to WEAI (five domains/10 indicators; 5DE and GPI)
Evolution of the WEAI/rationale for developing new WEAIs (also brief)
Snapshot of WEAI results (changes from baseline to interim)
Any regional trends? High level findings based on interim findings?
What type of analysis has been conducted using WEAI? (Bangladesh? Ethiopia? Ghana?)
How has the WEAI been used to inform programming? (BD? ETH? Other examples from projects?)
Any other significant learnings?
-Breaking down the 5DE score into its component indicators provides additional insight as to which indicators contribute substantially more or less to women’s empowerment. For example, compare Ghana and Kenya, whose 5DE scores are similar but whose composition of disempowerment differs. The contribution of production and resources to disempowerment is greater in Ghana, whereas lack of time and leadership opportunities are more disempowering in Kenya. In contrast, Zambia and Malawi have quite similar patterns of disempowerment, but Zambian women are slightly less empowered, primarily due to their greater constraint in workload. Examining the highest and lowest 5DE scores, women in Bangladesh, Liberia, and Tajikistan are more than three times as disempowered as women in Rwanda (excluding Cambodia which appears an outlier).
-Looking at scores by region, Asia has the greatest range in scores, followed by East Africa due to Kenya’s notably lower achievement. Both southern and West Africa exhibit the greatest similarity in score, although they have fewer countries of comparison. In the majority of countries, limited ownership of assets and lack of leisure time contribute least to women’s disempowerment. Conversely, access to and decisions on credit emerges as a major constraint in most countries, with low levels of group membership and heavy workloads also significant contributors to women’s disempowerment. However, in general, there is no simple pattern to women’s disempowerment, in terms of either the depth of disempowerment or the relative contribution of each indicator.
Endpoints of the bars represent baseline and midline %
Green means the indicator increased during the period, Red means it decreased during the period
Use this information to see whether you are on the right track
What is behind this change?
Good news or bad news? It depends!
Programming affect it?
Any shocks during period?
Any structural shifts that occurred in the economy?
Lots of green, but is it good news or bad news?
What types of activities are they no longer spending time on and why?
If increasing productivity, good!
If lost livelihood, unemployed, bad!
What's different in the A-WEAI (all target countries under GFSS will collect this)
Project-level WEAI (demand from partners for intervention-specific tool; who are partners? External Advisory Committee--want to show it's a multi-stakeholder effort, demand-driven; how will pro-WEAI add value? Gates to integrate into all development projects; USAID will be working on the same)
Pro-WEAI: What's different in the pro-WEAI? (maybe your table with WEAI, A-WEAI, and pro-WEAI indicators)
Timeline for release of Pro-WEAI?
WEAI (gender data, in general) in national surveys (maybe a peek into discussions with World Bank, BMGF, FAO, etc. on gender data)
Anything else? Results?
Key point: Associational, not causal, analysis
hide
hide
In these graphs we see the results, showing the significance of the association between the 5 dimensions of empowerment and nutritional outcomes at household, maternal and child level as measured by specific indicators (as shown on the horizontal axis).
Results in these graphs and following use effect sizes to assess the relative effectiveness (or associations) between alternative women’s empowerment outcomes on various indicators of household, maternal, and child nutrition. Larger bars indicate a greater association between empowerment and the nutritional outcome.
Key points:
There is not a clear relationship between women’s empowerment and nutritional outcomes; however, context emerges as important in as it relates to the significance of women’s empowerment scores and nutritional outcomes.
For instance, overall 5DE scores are much more important as they relate to nutritional outcomes in the Asian countries (especially Bangladesh and Nepal) in our sample compared to the African ones.
Other more technical info –
5DE definition Weighted average of achievements in the 10 indicators if the female respondent is disempowered, = 1 if she is empowered. Censored empowerment scores used.
The effect size is defined as the number of sample standard deviations in the household, maternal, and child nutrition variables that are associated with a 1.0-SD change in the empowerment variable.
Intrahousehold inequality score - Difference in the male and female empowerment scores, = 0 if the female respondent is empowered.
Again, intrahousehold inequality scores are much more important as they relate to nutritional outcomes in the Asian countries (especially Bangladesh) in our sample compared to the African ones
Key point: Where significant, greater equality within households is almost always associated with positive nutritional outcomes. This suggests that nutritional programs that also aim at improving intrahousehold inequality could have greater impacts than those that do not. The finding that greater gender equality within households is associated with better nutritional outcomes indicates the importance of a household working together to generate good nutrition for the family.
There are many associations between women’s empowerment and women’s nutritional outcomes, both positive and negative.
Hours worked has a negative effect on women’s BMI (expend more calories) while satisfaction with leisure has a positive effect on women’s dietary diversity (consume X food group more)
Satisfaction with leisure has positive effect on children’s dietary diversity
Group membership has negative association with exclusive breastfeeding, which may be indicative of competing demands on women’s time
Highlight
ag assets owned and ag assets with rights both have negative effect on HAZ scores
Number of hours worked per day has negative effect for HAZ and WAZ scores
In summary, finding ways to decrease women’s workload emerges as a potential entry point for interventions to improve nutrition outcomes for women and children in Nepal while a consistent negative association with group membership further illustrates the need to better understand the competing demands on women’s time and other resources.
Tradeoffs
In Nepal, control over assets is associated with lower hunger at the HH level but also poorer outcomes for women (WDDS, BMI) and children (HAZ)
Control over income matters for improving women’s diets, but if intensifying participation in agriculture increases workload, then both maternal and child nutrition could be at risk
WEAI application to policy/programming:
Previous analyses using the WEAI identified the top two or three contributors to disempowerment and recommended that programs be designed to support empowerment in these specific areas.
The present analysis finds that looking at the top two or three contributors to women’s disempowerment provides little, if not potentially misguided, direction for improving nutritional outcomes.
Focusing on the top two contributors to disempowerment would be misleading because different empowerment indicators matter for different nutritional outcomes and the results are largely country specific.
The model with all 10 indicators provides a much fuller picture of which indicators matter for which nutritional outcomes in a given context. It also suggests prime areas for policy and program work whenever overlap exists between a top contributor to disempowerment and a strong association between an indicator and positive nutritional outcomes.
What's different in the A-WEAI (all target countries under GFSS will collect this)
Project-level WEAI (demand from partners for intervention-specific tool; who are partners? External Advisory Committee--want to show it's a multi-stakeholder effort, demand-driven; how will pro-WEAI add value? Gates to integrate into all development projects; USAID will be working on the same)
Pro-WEAI: What's different in the pro-WEAI? (maybe your table with WEAI, A-WEAI, and pro-WEAI indicators)
Timeline for release of Pro-WEAI?
WEAI (gender data, in general) in national surveys (maybe a peek into discussions with World Bank, BMGF, FAO, etc. on gender data)
Anything else? Results?
WEAI indicators only, focus on agricultural production, excludes new WEAI4VC indicators
Includes all indicators, original WEAI plus proposed WEAI4VC indicators
Credit, financial account, autonomy in income favor women
Workload, Rights over assets favor men
Includes all indicators, original WEAI plus proposed WEAI4VC indicators
Credit, financial account, autonomy in income favor women
Workload, Rights over assets favor men
Includes all indicators, original WEAI plus proposed WEAI4VC indicators
Credit, financial account, autonomy in income favor women
Workload, Rights over assets favor men
Includes all indicators, original WEAI plus proposed WEAI4VC indicators
Credit, financial account, autonomy in income favor women
Workload, Rights over assets favor men
Includes all indicators, original WEAI plus proposed WEAI4VC indicators
Credit, financial account, autonomy in income favor women
Workload, Rights over assets favor men
Stay tuned! WEAI4VC is still under construction
What does it mean for programming?
What's different in the A-WEAI (all target countries under GFSS will collect this)
Project-level WEAI (demand from partners for intervention-specific tool; who are partners? External Advisory Committee--want to show it's a multi-stakeholder effort, demand-driven; how will pro-WEAI add value? Gates to integrate into all development projects; USAID will be working on the same)
Pro-WEAI: What's different in the pro-WEAI? (maybe your table with WEAI, A-WEAI, and pro-WEAI indicators)
Timeline for release of Pro-WEAI?
WEAI (gender data, in general) in national surveys (maybe a peek into discussions with World Bank, BMGF, FAO, etc. on gender data)
Anything else? Results?
What's different in the A-WEAI (all target countries under GFSS will collect this)
Project-level WEAI (demand from partners for intervention-specific tool; who are partners? External Advisory Committee--want to show it's a multi-stakeholder effort, demand-driven; how will pro-WEAI add value? Gates to integrate into all development projects; USAID will be working on the same)
Pro-WEAI: What's different in the pro-WEAI? (maybe your table with WEAI, A-WEAI, and pro-WEAI indicators)
Timeline for release of Pro-WEAI?
WEAI (gender data, in general) in national surveys (maybe a peek into discussions with World Bank, BMGF, FAO, etc. on gender data)
Anything else? Results?
New google count of “Women’s empowerment in agriculture index” gave 65,300, and on page 10 and 14 they were still all “our” WEAI
[FR: Maybe discuss how much more we can learn about the WEAI when it is integrated into national surveys—link to Greg’s paper here]
Can talk about the list (national surveys, who else is adopting etc.) or can use an updated map (unless you want to have the map in the beginning)