Carrisa Carandas is a plant and is very important for preparing crude drugs.It has importance in our daily life to use as medication and a tasty fruit to eat .
- Isabgol (Plantago ovata) is an annual herb native to Persia and West Asia that is cultivated for its husk and seeds, which have laxative and soothing properties.
- The plant's husk contains mucilage made of xylose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid that absorbs and retains water, making it an effective treatment for diarrhea and intestinal irritation.
- Isabgol is grown as a winter crop in parts of India like Gujarat and Rajasthan, with varieties including Gujrat Isabgol-1 and Jawahar Isabgol-4; it grows best in sandy loam soil and requires cool, dry weather between
Pomegranate is native to Iran and India is the largest producer globally. The document discusses the taxonomy, distribution, varieties, cultivation practices and pest management of pomegranate. It provides details on important varieties like Ganesh, Alandi, Dholka; propagation through cuttings; cultural practices like irrigation, manuring, training; and management of pests like fruit borer and bark eating caterpillar.
This document provides information on lavender, including its botanical name, family, origin, uses, important species, chemical composition, distribution, cultivation areas in India, soil and climate requirements, propagation methods, varieties, irrigation, maintenance, harvesting, yields, and essential oil extraction. The key points are: lavender is native to the Mediterranean region; the three main cultivated species are L. angustifolia, L. latifolia, and L. hybrida; its main constituent is linalyl acetate, ranging from 30-60%; and about 10 tonnes of fresh herbage can be obtained per hectare, with an essential oil content of 0.5-1.1%.
Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) is a hardy fruit commonly known as the poor man's fruit that is cultivated throughout India. It is high in vitamins and minerals. There are many varieties of ber that differ in maturation time, productivity, and suitability to various climates. Ber is propagated through seed sowing or vegetative methods like budding. It grows best in tropical and subtropical areas and a wide variety of soils.
This document discusses the medicinal plant Asparagus racemosus, commonly known as Satavari. It is a herbaceous plant found throughout India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. In Ayurveda, it is known as the "Queen of Herbs" as it promotes health, love, and devotion. It has many medicinal uses including as a brain tonic, uterine tonic, fertility enhancer, and lactation promoter. The document outlines the plant's taxonomy, distribution, uses in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine, cultivation practices, and concluded that further research is needed to document its traditional uses.
The document provides information on the Indian gooseberry or Aonla plant. Some key points:
- Aonla is a subtropical fruit native to tropical Asia that is rich in vitamin C and minerals. It is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine.
- The plant can tolerate a wide range of climates and soils. Major producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana.
- Common varieties include Banarasi, Kanchan, and Neelum. Propagation is primarily through budding, grafting, or seedlings.
- Pests include bark eating caterpillars and gall midges. Diseases include rust and soft rot fungus. Integr
swingle, tanaka, hodgson, and ranjit singh classification of citrus and also description of acid group, orange group, pummelo and grapefruit group and mandarin group, acidlime, sweet orange, mandarins, lime and lemon.
cultivation of Minor tuber crops by Manikanta RManikantaR17
This document provides information on the cultivation of several minor tuber crops including West Indian arrowroot, giant taro, and Queensland arrowroot. It describes the botany, cultivation practices, pests and diseases, harvesting, yield, and processing of each crop. The key details covered include the botanical name, place of origin, edible parts, optimal growing conditions, planting procedures, pest and disease issues, and average yields for each tuber crop discussed.
- Isabgol (Plantago ovata) is an annual herb native to Persia and West Asia that is cultivated for its husk and seeds, which have laxative and soothing properties.
- The plant's husk contains mucilage made of xylose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid that absorbs and retains water, making it an effective treatment for diarrhea and intestinal irritation.
- Isabgol is grown as a winter crop in parts of India like Gujarat and Rajasthan, with varieties including Gujrat Isabgol-1 and Jawahar Isabgol-4; it grows best in sandy loam soil and requires cool, dry weather between
Pomegranate is native to Iran and India is the largest producer globally. The document discusses the taxonomy, distribution, varieties, cultivation practices and pest management of pomegranate. It provides details on important varieties like Ganesh, Alandi, Dholka; propagation through cuttings; cultural practices like irrigation, manuring, training; and management of pests like fruit borer and bark eating caterpillar.
This document provides information on lavender, including its botanical name, family, origin, uses, important species, chemical composition, distribution, cultivation areas in India, soil and climate requirements, propagation methods, varieties, irrigation, maintenance, harvesting, yields, and essential oil extraction. The key points are: lavender is native to the Mediterranean region; the three main cultivated species are L. angustifolia, L. latifolia, and L. hybrida; its main constituent is linalyl acetate, ranging from 30-60%; and about 10 tonnes of fresh herbage can be obtained per hectare, with an essential oil content of 0.5-1.1%.
Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) is a hardy fruit commonly known as the poor man's fruit that is cultivated throughout India. It is high in vitamins and minerals. There are many varieties of ber that differ in maturation time, productivity, and suitability to various climates. Ber is propagated through seed sowing or vegetative methods like budding. It grows best in tropical and subtropical areas and a wide variety of soils.
This document discusses the medicinal plant Asparagus racemosus, commonly known as Satavari. It is a herbaceous plant found throughout India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. In Ayurveda, it is known as the "Queen of Herbs" as it promotes health, love, and devotion. It has many medicinal uses including as a brain tonic, uterine tonic, fertility enhancer, and lactation promoter. The document outlines the plant's taxonomy, distribution, uses in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine, cultivation practices, and concluded that further research is needed to document its traditional uses.
The document provides information on the Indian gooseberry or Aonla plant. Some key points:
- Aonla is a subtropical fruit native to tropical Asia that is rich in vitamin C and minerals. It is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine.
- The plant can tolerate a wide range of climates and soils. Major producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana.
- Common varieties include Banarasi, Kanchan, and Neelum. Propagation is primarily through budding, grafting, or seedlings.
- Pests include bark eating caterpillars and gall midges. Diseases include rust and soft rot fungus. Integr
swingle, tanaka, hodgson, and ranjit singh classification of citrus and also description of acid group, orange group, pummelo and grapefruit group and mandarin group, acidlime, sweet orange, mandarins, lime and lemon.
cultivation of Minor tuber crops by Manikanta RManikantaR17
This document provides information on the cultivation of several minor tuber crops including West Indian arrowroot, giant taro, and Queensland arrowroot. It describes the botany, cultivation practices, pests and diseases, harvesting, yield, and processing of each crop. The key details covered include the botanical name, place of origin, edible parts, optimal growing conditions, planting procedures, pest and disease issues, and average yields for each tuber crop discussed.
This document summarizes information about banana cultivation in Maharashtra, India. It discusses the leading banana varieties grown in the state like Basrai, key cultivation practices including soil and climate requirements, planting methods, irrigation, fertilization and intercultural operations. It also outlines some of the major banana diseases found in the region such as Panama wilt, sigatoka leaf spot and bunchy top virus, and their management strategies. Maharashtra is one of the top banana producing states in India with an average yield of 28.7 tons/ha, significantly higher than the national average of 13.8 tons/ha.
Bael (Aegle marmelos) is a native fruit tree of India commonly found in temple gardens. It has wide adaptability and can grow in subtropical climates with hot, dry summers and mild winters up to 1200m elevation. Popular varieties include Narendra bael-5, Pant Shivani, and Goma Yashi. Bael trees are planted at 8-10m spacing and produce 30-45 fruits at 6-7 years old, yielding 500-800 fruits at 30-40 years. Pests include termites and caterpillars while diseases include fruit rot. Fruits are used to make toffee, squash, powder, jam and more.
This document provides information about breeding in litchi fruit. It discusses the botanical details of litchi, desirable characteristics for litchi cultivar selection including large fruit size, small seeds, good color and shelf life. Breeding objectives are to develop dwarf varieties that are regular bearers. Methods discussed include emasculation, hybridization between varieties like Purabi and Bedana that resulted in new cultivars. Future areas could include developing parthenocarpic seedless varieties and using biotechnology tools like tissue culture.
This document provides information about apple production including taxonomy, varieties, propagation, planting, training, pruning, pest and disease management. It discusses apple as the king of temperate fruits, with highest production in China. It covers major apple growing regions in India and varieties grown in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand for early, mid and late seasons. It also discusses production practices like propagation, rootstocks, planting density, training and pruning methods, fertilizer and irrigation management, and harvesting.
This document provides information on the package of practices for growing phalsa (B. N: Grewia subineqaeualis D.C). It includes the scientific classification, origin, nutritional value, uses, floral biology, soil and climate requirements, varieties, propagation methods, planting, manuring, irrigation, intercropping, pruning, use of growth regulators, and flowering and fruiting details. The key points are that phalsa is a hardy, drought tolerant fruit crop suitable for intercropping; it has high nutritional value and medicinal properties; and propagation can be by seed or vegetative methods like cuttings and grafting.
This document provides information on crop improvement and recent advances in apples. It discusses the botanical details of apples, including their origin, chromosome number, and pollination method. It then covers the importance and uses of apples, their nutritional value, present production scenarios, centers of diversity, cytogenetics, floral biology, inheritance of traits, genetic resources, breeding methods including introduction, selection, hybridization and mutation, important varieties from different regions, and future directions for apple breeding focusing on wider adaptability, improved quality, and disease/pest resistance.
This document provides information on pineapple production including:
- Pineapple varieties commonly grown in India include Giant Kew, Kew, Queen, Mauritius, and Jaldhup. Varieties are classified into Cayenne, Queen, and Spanish groups.
- Pineapples prefer tropical climates with temperatures between 21-23°C, rainfall of 150cm, and sandy loam soils with pH 5.5-6.0.
- Propagation is mainly through vegetative methods using suckers, slips, crowns, and stem bits. Planting follows a double row system with spacing of 60cm between rows and 45cm within rows.
- Standard agronomic practices like weeding, mul
Advanced production technology of jamun cropPawan Nagar
This document provides information on the production technology of jamun (Syzygium cumini), an underutilized fruit in India. It discusses the botany, varieties, propagation, planting, manures and fertilizers, irrigation, training and pruning, flowering, fruiting, harvesting, yield, post-harvest management, processing, insect pests and diseases of jamun. Jamun is a versatile fruit tree grown widely in India and other tropical countries for its food and medicinal value. Though not commercially cultivated, it has potential for commercial exploitation in wastelands and dry-land horticulture. The document outlines best practices for establishing and maintaining jamun orchards.
This document summarizes the production technology of mangoes. It discusses that mangoes are the national fruit of India and are grown widely across states. It describes the botany of mango trees and their various uses. It provides details on suitable soil and climate conditions for mango cultivation. It also lists popular mango varieties grown in different regions of India. The document discusses mango hybrids and propagation through grafting. It describes the process of grafting and its various techniques. It concludes with information on flowering, fruiting and factors that influence fruit setting in mango trees.
Slides include production technology of loquat, its origin and distribution in Pakistan, plant description, environmental and cultural requirements etc..
Fennel , CULTIVATION OF FENNEL , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FENNEL ,Arvind Yadav
Fennel (Foeniculam vulgare) is an annual aromatic herb that grows 4-5 feet tall with yellow flowers. The commercial part used is the dried ripe fruit. Fennel seed is light green to grey, 4-5 mm long and contains 0.2% volatile oil including 80% anethole. India is a top producer of fennel seed, growing it commercially in states like Gujarat and Rajasthan. Fennel grows best in dry, well-drained soil and a cool climate with 150-300mm of annual rainfall.
This document provides information on several medicinal and aromatic plants including lemongrass, eucalyptus, basil, and long pepper. It describes their systematic position, species, varieties, uses of essential oils, and important breeding programs. The lemongrass section provides details on four main Cymbopogon species and nine popular varieties cultivated in India. Eucalyptus citriodora and E. globulus are outlined as the most common eucalyptus species grown. Sweet basil and holy basil are highlighted among the Ocimum genus, and eleven of their varieties are listed. Lastly, long pepper is native to South Asia and its spikes and roots contain medicinal alkaloids.
This document discusses the breeding of cherry and strawberry plants. It provides information on the ploidy levels, breeding objectives, systems, and techniques used for both crops. For cherry, the key points are that sweet cherries are mostly self-incompatible while sour cherries are self-fruitful. Breeding objectives include increasing disease resistance, fruit quality, and yield. Methods discussed include inbreeding, interspecific hybridization, and mutation breeding. For strawberry, objectives are to improve yield, fruit quality, and disease/pest resistance. Their octoploid nature allows for interspecific hybridization to transfer genes between species. Micropropagation, thermotherapy, and recombinant DNA techniques have also been utilized.
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important fruit crop grown in tropical and subtropical parts of India. Over the past decade, guava production has increased substantially. Common guava varieties grown in India include Allahabad Safeda, Lucknow 49, and Lalit. Guava can be propagated through seed or vegetative methods like stooling, air layering, and grafting. Stooling involves taking shoots from the mother plant and rooting them to form new plants. Air layering is done by girdling branches and promoting root formation under moist soil or moss. Grafting techniques like approach grafting are also used to propagate new plants.
The document summarizes advances in breeding guava (Psidium guajava L.). It discusses the origin and genetics of guava, important related species, genetic resources, breeding objectives, selection and evaluation methods, constraints in crop improvement, major problems affecting the crop, characterization of accessions for traits, introductions from other countries, and breeding methods including selection. Promising selections from various research institutes are also summarized.
This document provides information on the cultivation of citrus fruits. It discusses the botanical classification of citrus, describing the major commercially grown varieties such as oranges, mandarins, grapefruits and limes. It also outlines the climatic and soil requirements for citrus cultivation, fertilizer and manure application methods, and the major citrus producing countries and states in India.
Alternate bearing refers to the tendency of some plants to produce heavy yields of fruit in one year followed by a light yield the next year in a cyclical pattern. This causes significant economic problems for growers by creating inconsistent supply and lower quality crops in heavy yield years. Several theories exist for the cause of alternate bearing, including hormonal imbalance and competition between vegetative and reproductive growth, and it can be influenced by both endogenous genetic and environmental factors. Common measures used by growers to overcome biennial bearing include proper orchard management, regulating flowering, thinning crops, pruning, and growing cultivars less prone to the issue.
This document summarizes information about breeding in avocados. It discusses the taxonomy and genetic resources of avocados, focusing on the three main races: Mexican, Guatemalan, and West Indian. The breeding objectives are outlined as developing high yielding cultivars with regular bearing, dwarfing rootstocks, and disease resistance. Breeding methods discussed include selection of superior cultivars, hybridization between the races to extend harvest seasons, and induced polyploidy, though fruit set is reduced with polyploidy.
This document summarizes 10 traditional medicinal plants used in Ayurveda and Siddha medicine including their names, parts used, active constituents, traditional uses, and some modern formulations. It provides details on Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa) used to treat anemia, edema, and liver diseases. Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus microphylla) is described as a brain tonic. Lehsun (Allium sativum/garlic) has anti-inflammatory and cholesterol lowering properties. Guggul (Commiphora mukul) and Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) are used to treat liver and cardiovascular issues.
This document summarizes information about banana cultivation in Maharashtra, India. It discusses the leading banana varieties grown in the state like Basrai, key cultivation practices including soil and climate requirements, planting methods, irrigation, fertilization and intercultural operations. It also outlines some of the major banana diseases found in the region such as Panama wilt, sigatoka leaf spot and bunchy top virus, and their management strategies. Maharashtra is one of the top banana producing states in India with an average yield of 28.7 tons/ha, significantly higher than the national average of 13.8 tons/ha.
Bael (Aegle marmelos) is a native fruit tree of India commonly found in temple gardens. It has wide adaptability and can grow in subtropical climates with hot, dry summers and mild winters up to 1200m elevation. Popular varieties include Narendra bael-5, Pant Shivani, and Goma Yashi. Bael trees are planted at 8-10m spacing and produce 30-45 fruits at 6-7 years old, yielding 500-800 fruits at 30-40 years. Pests include termites and caterpillars while diseases include fruit rot. Fruits are used to make toffee, squash, powder, jam and more.
This document provides information about breeding in litchi fruit. It discusses the botanical details of litchi, desirable characteristics for litchi cultivar selection including large fruit size, small seeds, good color and shelf life. Breeding objectives are to develop dwarf varieties that are regular bearers. Methods discussed include emasculation, hybridization between varieties like Purabi and Bedana that resulted in new cultivars. Future areas could include developing parthenocarpic seedless varieties and using biotechnology tools like tissue culture.
This document provides information about apple production including taxonomy, varieties, propagation, planting, training, pruning, pest and disease management. It discusses apple as the king of temperate fruits, with highest production in China. It covers major apple growing regions in India and varieties grown in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand for early, mid and late seasons. It also discusses production practices like propagation, rootstocks, planting density, training and pruning methods, fertilizer and irrigation management, and harvesting.
This document provides information on the package of practices for growing phalsa (B. N: Grewia subineqaeualis D.C). It includes the scientific classification, origin, nutritional value, uses, floral biology, soil and climate requirements, varieties, propagation methods, planting, manuring, irrigation, intercropping, pruning, use of growth regulators, and flowering and fruiting details. The key points are that phalsa is a hardy, drought tolerant fruit crop suitable for intercropping; it has high nutritional value and medicinal properties; and propagation can be by seed or vegetative methods like cuttings and grafting.
This document provides information on crop improvement and recent advances in apples. It discusses the botanical details of apples, including their origin, chromosome number, and pollination method. It then covers the importance and uses of apples, their nutritional value, present production scenarios, centers of diversity, cytogenetics, floral biology, inheritance of traits, genetic resources, breeding methods including introduction, selection, hybridization and mutation, important varieties from different regions, and future directions for apple breeding focusing on wider adaptability, improved quality, and disease/pest resistance.
This document provides information on pineapple production including:
- Pineapple varieties commonly grown in India include Giant Kew, Kew, Queen, Mauritius, and Jaldhup. Varieties are classified into Cayenne, Queen, and Spanish groups.
- Pineapples prefer tropical climates with temperatures between 21-23°C, rainfall of 150cm, and sandy loam soils with pH 5.5-6.0.
- Propagation is mainly through vegetative methods using suckers, slips, crowns, and stem bits. Planting follows a double row system with spacing of 60cm between rows and 45cm within rows.
- Standard agronomic practices like weeding, mul
Advanced production technology of jamun cropPawan Nagar
This document provides information on the production technology of jamun (Syzygium cumini), an underutilized fruit in India. It discusses the botany, varieties, propagation, planting, manures and fertilizers, irrigation, training and pruning, flowering, fruiting, harvesting, yield, post-harvest management, processing, insect pests and diseases of jamun. Jamun is a versatile fruit tree grown widely in India and other tropical countries for its food and medicinal value. Though not commercially cultivated, it has potential for commercial exploitation in wastelands and dry-land horticulture. The document outlines best practices for establishing and maintaining jamun orchards.
This document summarizes the production technology of mangoes. It discusses that mangoes are the national fruit of India and are grown widely across states. It describes the botany of mango trees and their various uses. It provides details on suitable soil and climate conditions for mango cultivation. It also lists popular mango varieties grown in different regions of India. The document discusses mango hybrids and propagation through grafting. It describes the process of grafting and its various techniques. It concludes with information on flowering, fruiting and factors that influence fruit setting in mango trees.
Slides include production technology of loquat, its origin and distribution in Pakistan, plant description, environmental and cultural requirements etc..
Fennel , CULTIVATION OF FENNEL , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FENNEL ,Arvind Yadav
Fennel (Foeniculam vulgare) is an annual aromatic herb that grows 4-5 feet tall with yellow flowers. The commercial part used is the dried ripe fruit. Fennel seed is light green to grey, 4-5 mm long and contains 0.2% volatile oil including 80% anethole. India is a top producer of fennel seed, growing it commercially in states like Gujarat and Rajasthan. Fennel grows best in dry, well-drained soil and a cool climate with 150-300mm of annual rainfall.
This document provides information on several medicinal and aromatic plants including lemongrass, eucalyptus, basil, and long pepper. It describes their systematic position, species, varieties, uses of essential oils, and important breeding programs. The lemongrass section provides details on four main Cymbopogon species and nine popular varieties cultivated in India. Eucalyptus citriodora and E. globulus are outlined as the most common eucalyptus species grown. Sweet basil and holy basil are highlighted among the Ocimum genus, and eleven of their varieties are listed. Lastly, long pepper is native to South Asia and its spikes and roots contain medicinal alkaloids.
This document discusses the breeding of cherry and strawberry plants. It provides information on the ploidy levels, breeding objectives, systems, and techniques used for both crops. For cherry, the key points are that sweet cherries are mostly self-incompatible while sour cherries are self-fruitful. Breeding objectives include increasing disease resistance, fruit quality, and yield. Methods discussed include inbreeding, interspecific hybridization, and mutation breeding. For strawberry, objectives are to improve yield, fruit quality, and disease/pest resistance. Their octoploid nature allows for interspecific hybridization to transfer genes between species. Micropropagation, thermotherapy, and recombinant DNA techniques have also been utilized.
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important fruit crop grown in tropical and subtropical parts of India. Over the past decade, guava production has increased substantially. Common guava varieties grown in India include Allahabad Safeda, Lucknow 49, and Lalit. Guava can be propagated through seed or vegetative methods like stooling, air layering, and grafting. Stooling involves taking shoots from the mother plant and rooting them to form new plants. Air layering is done by girdling branches and promoting root formation under moist soil or moss. Grafting techniques like approach grafting are also used to propagate new plants.
The document summarizes advances in breeding guava (Psidium guajava L.). It discusses the origin and genetics of guava, important related species, genetic resources, breeding objectives, selection and evaluation methods, constraints in crop improvement, major problems affecting the crop, characterization of accessions for traits, introductions from other countries, and breeding methods including selection. Promising selections from various research institutes are also summarized.
This document provides information on the cultivation of citrus fruits. It discusses the botanical classification of citrus, describing the major commercially grown varieties such as oranges, mandarins, grapefruits and limes. It also outlines the climatic and soil requirements for citrus cultivation, fertilizer and manure application methods, and the major citrus producing countries and states in India.
Alternate bearing refers to the tendency of some plants to produce heavy yields of fruit in one year followed by a light yield the next year in a cyclical pattern. This causes significant economic problems for growers by creating inconsistent supply and lower quality crops in heavy yield years. Several theories exist for the cause of alternate bearing, including hormonal imbalance and competition between vegetative and reproductive growth, and it can be influenced by both endogenous genetic and environmental factors. Common measures used by growers to overcome biennial bearing include proper orchard management, regulating flowering, thinning crops, pruning, and growing cultivars less prone to the issue.
This document summarizes information about breeding in avocados. It discusses the taxonomy and genetic resources of avocados, focusing on the three main races: Mexican, Guatemalan, and West Indian. The breeding objectives are outlined as developing high yielding cultivars with regular bearing, dwarfing rootstocks, and disease resistance. Breeding methods discussed include selection of superior cultivars, hybridization between the races to extend harvest seasons, and induced polyploidy, though fruit set is reduced with polyploidy.
This document summarizes 10 traditional medicinal plants used in Ayurveda and Siddha medicine including their names, parts used, active constituents, traditional uses, and some modern formulations. It provides details on Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa) used to treat anemia, edema, and liver diseases. Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus microphylla) is described as a brain tonic. Lehsun (Allium sativum/garlic) has anti-inflammatory and cholesterol lowering properties. Guggul (Commiphora mukul) and Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) are used to treat liver and cardiovascular issues.
Exploring an ethnobotany of ethnic communities of Assam, Indiasanjibbarah
1) The document discusses a study exploring the potential of medicinal plants used by the indigenous Bodo community in Assam, India.
2) 76 plant species from 73 genera and 47 families were documented, with herbs being the most common type. Seven species were selected for preliminary phytochemical analysis.
3) The phytochemical study found phenolic and flavonoid contents varied significantly between plant extracts. Hibiscus sabdariffa showed significant antioxidant activity, which could help prevent oxidative stress diseases.
This document provides information on 19 different plants including their Latin names, biological sources, chemical constituents, and traditional medicinal uses. It includes entries on plants such as Shatavari, Adulsa, Tulsi, Kardal, Sunflower, Palm, Dresica, Anthurim, Kolis, Maratha, Syngonium, Anthora, Spathiphyllum, Catharanthus, Sontaka and others. Each entry lists the plant's scientific classification and key active compounds and describes traditional applications in Ayurveda and other medical systems.
This document summarizes a study on the pharmacognostical and phytochemical properties of the leaves of Costus igneus. The study included macroscopic and microscopic examination of the leaves to establish identification features. Organoleptic properties like color, texture, odor and taste were recorded. Physicochemical properties like pH, ash values, extractive values were analyzed. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides in ethanol and methanol extracts. Microscopic examination of powdered leaf showed the presence of epidermal cells, xylem elements, sclerenchymat
This document provides information on 11 different medicinal plants:
1. Naravelia zeylanica, which has anti-ulcer properties and is used to treat gastric ulcers.
2. Kaempferia rotunda, which has antioxidant properties and is used locally for sprains. Studies have explored its antioxidant potential.
3. Hibiscus abelmoschus, whose seeds are used in traditional medicine to treat various conditions.
The Umbelliferae family is named after the shape of its flowers, which are called umbels.
The umbels are unique in their floral uniformity
These distinctive umbrella shaped blooms are attractive in arrangements and loved by numerous beneficial insects.
They pollinate freely which allow it to increase its natural distribution.
Seed dispersal occurs through wind.
CONIUM
CARUM
FENNEL
CORRIANDER
ASAFOETIDA
This slide gives brief information about medicinal, plant Cassia fistula (rajbriksha). It consist of information about Macroscopy, Chemical constituents and Medicinal uses of Cassia fistula plant................Hope, This will Help You........Have a Wonderful Day....
Cassia fistula, commonly known as golden shower tree, is a deciduous tree native to tropical regions of Asia. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant for its bright yellow flowers. The summary discusses the plant's ethnobotanical uses in traditional medicine to treat various conditions. The document analyzes the plant's chemical constituents and pharmacological actions, such as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and antimicrobial effects. Several commercial products containing C. fistula extracts are also mentioned for treating acid reflux and related gastrointestinal issues. Toxicology studies found no signs of toxicity or death in mice even at high doses of C. fistula extracts, indicating its safety for
An Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Hydnocarpus laurifolia & its PharmacognocyDr.Rajan Gupta
This document describes the Hydnocarpus laurofolia plant, commonly known as chaulmoogra or soorty oil tree. It is an evergreen tree that grows up to 15 meters tall, with oblong or elliptic leaves and globose, hairy fruits containing 15-20 seeds. The seeds and other parts of the plant contain chemical constituents such as hypnocarpic acid. In Ayurveda, it is used to treat skin diseases, ulcers, worms, and digestive issues. It acts as a blood purifier and is used similarly to Centella asiatica. Preparations include tuvrakadi tail, an oil, and a plaster made from the seeds.
This document summarizes an ethnomedicinal study conducted in Vizianagaram District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Researchers interviewed local people to document traditional medicinal uses of plants by indigenous tribes in the region. A total of 43 plant species were identified and their local names, descriptions, flowering/fruiting times, and traditional medicinal uses were recorded. Plant specimens were collected, identified, preserved and deposited in a university herbarium for future reference. The study aimed to document the traditional phytotherapy knowledge of tribes residing in the Kotia Hills area of Vizianagaram District.
The document discusses several plants that have anti-malarial properties. It provides details on Cinchona, Artemisia annua, Azadirachta indica (neem), and Phyllanthus embelica (amla), describing their biological sources, active chemical constituents, mechanisms of action against malaria parasites, traditional uses, and recent research findings. The document aims to explore natural alternatives for treating malaria given problems with drug resistance and the lack of a effective vaccine.
This presentation describes several medicinal plants commonly found in Pakistan. It provides the scientific name, classification, parts used, and medicinal uses of 14 plants: Papaver somniferum, Cassia fistula, Trigonella foenum-graceum, Carica papaya, Citrullus colocynthis, Azadirachta indica, Cucurma longa, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Ricinus communis, Cymbopogon citratus, Foeniculum vulgare, Cannabis sativa, and Zingiber officinale. Some key uses included treatment of pain, inflammation, fever, infections, and diseases like diabetes. The presenter
Plants produce complex chemical compounds that can be used medicinally. Throughout history, humans have relied on herbal medicine and many modern drugs are still derived from plants. The document discusses several medicinal plants native to North America like echinacea, witch hazel, dandelion, and flowering dogwood. It provides descriptions, parts used, traditional uses, and preparations for each plant.
This document summarizes research on the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), noting that it has been used in traditional medicine systems for many diseases and contains various phytochemicals. Specifically:
1) Bitter gourd has a long history of use in traditional medicine in places like India, China, and South America to treat diabetes, digestive issues, wounds, and more.
2) It contains compounds like polypeptide-P, charantin, and others that are thought to lower blood sugar levels and have anti-cancer effects.
3) Studies show bitter gourd has hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral and other biological activities due to its various
This document provides information about the medicinal plant Satavar (Asparagus racemosus) including its uses, pharmacological properties, chemical profile, and authentication. It discusses that Satavar is used in Ayurveda to promote fertility and vitality. The document summarizes the plant's scientific classification, morphological features, microscopy, active components including saponins, uses such as increasing milk production, and potential adulterants.
This document summarizes research on 10 fruit plant species mentioned in the Holy Quran and Ahadith. It discusses Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Ficus carica (fig), Olea europea (olive), Phoenix dactylifera (date palm), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Salvadora persica (toothbrush tree), Vitis vinifera (grape vine), and Zizyphus mauritiana. For each species, it provides the botanical name, family, parts used, medicinal uses cited from Islamic sources, and references from
Studies that examined the therapeutic potential of plants leaf extracts
Plant Scientific Name Common Name Type of extraction Proposed active material
1. Solanum viarum Tropical Soda Apple Ether Solasodine glycoalkaloid
2. Acanthus illicifolious Harkucha Kanta Methanol Triterpenoids,Flavonoids,
Alkaloids
3. Annona squamosa Custard Apple Ethyl acetate Acetogenins,Alkaloids,
Dofamine
4 Alstonia scholaris. Chatium Methanol Alkaloids,Flavonoids
5. Calotropis gigantea Akanda Ethanol Triterpenoids,Flavonol
Glycosides
This document summarizes the review of the plant Mimosa hamata Willd. It discusses the plant's ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. Mimosa hamata is a shrub native to India that is used in traditional medicine to treat various conditions. It contains phytochemicals like 4-ethylgallic acid, triterpene saponins, and mimonosides. Pharmacological studies indicate it has anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The review concludes that while M. hamata is widely used traditionally, more scientific research is still needed to validate its ethnomedical uses.
This document discusses several medicinal plants and their uses in traditional Indian medicine. It begins by providing background on India's rich history of using medicinal plants dating back to ancient texts from 1000 BC. It then describes 8 specific plants - Commiphora wightii, Bombax ceiba, Kalanchoe pinnata, Cissus quadrangularis, Convolvulus prostratus, Euphorbia hirta, Indigofera tinctoria, Plumbago zeylanica, and Barleria prionitis. For each plant, it provides the plant description, parts used, and traditional medicinal uses to treat various ailments. The overall document aims to highlight important medicinal plants
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.