This document provides information about carpentry tools and woodworking joints. It discusses various tools used in carpentry like rulers, try squares, marking gauges, saws, planes, mallets and wood lathes. It explains different types of saws including crosscut saws, rip saws, backsaws, compass saws and dovetail saws. It also describes common woodworking joints like halving joints, mortise and tenon joints, housing joints, corner joints, dowel joints and bridle joints.

1. University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering
Course Name: Workshop Practice
Course Code:21ESWS115
Dr. ARUNA M N
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gmail:arunamn400@gmail.com
Phone Number:9164774565

2.  Carpentry and joinery are common terms used with any class of work with wood.
 Strictly speaking, carpentry deals with all works of carpentry such as roofs, floors, partitions, etc. of a
building
 Joinery deals with the making of doors, windows, cupboards, dressers, stairs, and all the interior
fitments for a building
Structure of wood
Carpentry

3. Carpentry Tools
In order to successfully work different forms to accurate shapes and dimensions, the wood-worker must know
the use of a large number of tools
Rulers: Rules of various sizes and designs are used by woodworkers for measuring and setting out
dimensions, but they usually work with a four-fold box-wood rule ranging from 0 to 60 cm
Straight Edges: They are used for checking the flatness of mating machine surfaces, as a guide for making straight lines,
and when checking the straightness of other tools. The precision with which straight edges are made means that they can
be used to check or calibrate other tools that require a straight edge.
A try square or try-square is a woodworking tool used for marking and checking 90° angles on pieces of wood. The square
in the name refers to the 90° angle. To try a piece of wood is to check if the edges and faces are straight, flat, and square to
one another.

4. Carpentry Tools
A miter square or mitre square is a hand tool used in woodworking and metalworking for marking and checking angles
other than 90°. Most miter squares are for marking and checking 45°
A sliding T bevel, also known as a bevel
gauge or false square is an adjustable gauge
for setting and transferring angles. Different
from the square, which is fixed and can only
set a 90° angle, the sliding T bevel can set any
angle and transfer it on another piece.
miter square or mitre square
bevel gauge

5. Carpentry Tools
A mortise gauge or mortice gauge is a woodworking tool
used by a carpenter or joiner to scribe mortise and tenon
joints on wood prior to cutting It has two protruding pins,
often called "spurs", which are designed to scribe parallel
lines marking both sides of a mortise at the same time.
A marking gauge, also known as a scratch
gauge, is used in woodworking
and metalworking to mark outlines for
cutting or other operations. The purpose of
the gauge is to scribe a line parallel to a
reference edge or surface

6. Carpentry Tools
There are many types of saws used in woodworking. Different types of woodworking hand saws are used for general handicrafts,
such as crosscut saw for cutting across the wood, backsaw for cutting angles inside the wood, dovetail saw for making dovetail
joints, compass saw for making for zigzag work on wooden planks
1. CROSSCUT HAND SAW:
This is the most widely used hand saw. It is 450 to 900 mm in (One and a half
feet to three feet), and the tip is gradually narrower than the handle. 5 to 6
teeth per inch, the teeth placed or set opposite each other.
2. RIP SAW:
A rip saw is usually 400 to 600 mm. The apex becomes more
prolonged and narrower in terms of the handle. The number of teeth
per inch length is 5 to 6. The tooth’s tip (sharp edge) is at a right
angle (90 degrees) with the saw blade. T

7. Carpentry Tools
3. BACKSAW:
The backsaw is 250 to 300 mm (10 “-14”) in length and 75 mm (3 “) wide. It is relatively
small in size. Blades are bent in opposite directions, one after the other. This saw is
convenient to use for cutting angles inside the wood such as cutting dovetails, miters, or
tenons in cabinetry and joinery. This saw gives more precise cutting compared to other
types of saws.
4. COMPASS SAW:
A compass saw is called a slender hand saw because its blade is very narrow and it
is 300 to 850 mm (12 “-18”) in length; The number of teeth is 10 to 12 per inch.
That means a larger blade and fewer teeth per inch. It can be fixed or retractable.
This saw is quite convenient for smooth work, especially for zigzag work on
wooden planks,

8. 5. COPING SAW:
It is a type of bow saw, more like a hacksaw. A coping saw is made by screwing a
thin saw blade with a U-shaped frame (teeth pointing towards the handle). A thin
hardened steel blade facilitates to change of the direction of the cut easily. You
can remove the blades by unscrewing the handle.
Carpentry Tools
6. KNIFE OR KEYHOLE SAW:
This saw is made by inserting a thin and hard blade directly with a sleeve. It is narrower than the
compass saw. It is also called pad saw, alligator saw, jab saw or drywall saw. The blade can be fixed
or retractable

9. Carpentry Tools
8. DOVETAIL SAW:
This is also a small and slender saw. These saws usually have around 15-20 teeth per
inch. It is a type of backsaws, smaller than tenon saws, designed for making fine work,
such as joint-making, particularly dovetail joints (a type of wood joints), where two
pieces of wood must fit together precisely.
9. PIT SAW:
A pit saw is used to cut whole trees or large logs. Its size is quite large, and four
people have to run holding it together. The saw is 2 meters (6.5 feet) long or
more, 300 mm (20 “) wide at the base, and 150 mm (6”) at the apex
10. HACKSAW:
Hack saw is mostly used in iron and metal factories, but if necessary, wood can be cut
easily. the frame and the blade are the two main parts of this saw. The frame is made of
steel. It has two pins on each side. A screw is attached to the pin on one side to adjust the
blade’s tension after attaching to the pin. The blade is 300 mm (12 “) long and 12.5 mm
(0.5”) wide. The number of teeth is 14 to 32 per inch.

10. Carpentry Tools

11. Carpentry Tools

15. Carpentry Tools
A jack plane is a general-purpose woodworking bench plane,
used for dressing timber down to size in preparation for
truing and/or edge jointing. It is usually the first plane used
on rough stock, but for rougher work, it can be preceded by
the scrub plane.

16. Carpentry Tools
A mallet is a tool used for imparting force on another object, often made of rubber or sometimes wood, that is
smaller than a maul or beetle, and usually has a relatively large head. ... Wooden mallets are usually used in carpentry
to knock wooden pieces together, or to drive dowels or chisels.

17. Carpentry Tools
Boring tools: Boring tools are frequently necessary to make round holes in wood, and they are selected
according to the type and purpose of the hole.
Gimlet Ratchet brace Wheel brace

18. Carpentry Tools
Bench Vice
Sash Cramp
G-cramp
Rasp file

19. Carpentry Tools
Scraper
Pincers are a hand tool used in many situations where the mechanical advantage is required to pinch, cut or pull an object.
Pincer
Cabinet screw diver Ratchet screwdriver

20. Wood Working lathe
 The wood lathe is a piece of equipment designed to rotate a workpiece
around its axis to allow for rotational cutting, shaping and finishing.
 The process is known as Woodturning and it is used to form and shape
a wide range of designs from rolling pins to instruments. The
workpiece is held between the headstock and tailstock, typical on a
spiked spur, or sometimes mounted on a base.
 A live centre can be used at the tailstock to support & align the
workpiece centrally with the axis of the machine.
 The accuracy of the centre is not as important as it is with a metal
lathe as the cutting tool is not fixed in place when in operation

21. Wood Working lathe

22. Band Saw

23. Halving Joint

24. Used when the end of the rail meets flush with the outside edge
Tee Halving Joint

25. Dove tail Halving Joint
Very Similar to Tee Halving but the pieces are cut at an angle specific to dovetails giving the
more joint strength

26. Corner Halving Joint/Half Lap
Similar to cross halving but the pieces meet at the ends rather than in the main body of the rail

27. Mortise and Tenon Joint

28. Types of Mortise and Tenon Joint

29. Housing Joints

30. Corner Joints

31. Corner Joints

32. Dowel Joints

33. Briddle Joint
Corner Joint Tee bridle Joint Mitre Faced Briddle Joint
This form of joint is really the reverse of the mortise and tenon joint and is often called the open mortise and tenon