This document discusses various hand tools used in electrical work, including screwdrivers, nutdrivers, pliers, wire strippers, cutters, hammers, wrenches, punches, saws, drills, clamps, soldering equipment, and measuring instruments. It provides details on the purpose and proper use of each tool. Care and maintenance of tools is emphasized, such as cleaning tools after use, sharpening blades, not using tools improperly, and replacing damaged tools.

1. Hand Tools And
Instruments

2. Objectives
• Identify various hand tools and
equipment.
• Explain their specific functions
• Demonstrate proper use of tools and
equipment

3. Classification of Electrical Tools
*Hand tools
These are tools manipulated and
operated by our hands without the
use of electrical energy

4. 1. Screwdrivers
These are hand tool made out of tool
steel hardened and tempered at the tip.
They come in various sizes and shaped
which are used to turn or drive screws
with slotted heads. The different types of
screwdrivers are :

5. Screwdrivers
Standard Screwdrivers
The blade tip of this screwdrivers is
formed into wedge to fit with slotted
head screws. The handle may either
be wood or plastic.

6. Screwdrivers
Stubb Screwdriver
The tip is similarly shaped like the tip
of the standard screwdriver but short
shank or blade and also shorter
handle which is made of plastic.

7. Screwdrivers
Phillips Screwdriver
The blade tip is recessed to fit with
the recessed head screws. The handle
may either be plastic or wood.

8. Screwdrivers
Offset Screwdriver
A screwdriver which is used to drive
or loose screws in tight places.
Especially useful on cars and
machines.

9. 2. Nutdrivers
These are hand tools which is used to
tighten or loosen nuts and are used for
situations where crews head were not
accessible. They come in various sizes
and shapes which are used to turn or
drives screws with slotted heads

10. Nutdrivers
Standard Nutdriver
The head of this hand tool is
hardened and tempered and is
formed with a hole. The hole at the
head shaped to fit stove bolt nuts.

11. Nutdrivers
Hex Nutdriver
These hand tool has a head with hole
that shaped the same with hex
screws.

12. 3 Pliers
These are used for cutting and twisting
wires and to grip small parts. Pliers
should not be used for loosening or
tightening bolts and nuts because the
serration of the jaws around off the
corners of the bolt head or nut causing a
wrench to slip thereafter.

13. Pliers
Mechanical Pliers
This is used for cutting larger sizes of wire
and for holding flat or round stock.

14. Pliers
Standard Electrical Pliers
It is manufactured for light, medium and
heavy duty work for cutting and bending
electrical wire and small nails.

15. Pliers
Long Needle-nose Pliers
It is used for cutting and holding fine
wires; can reach into tight space.
Commonly used by electricians to make
terminal loops in cooper wire.

16. Pliers
Long Chin-nose Pliers
Commonly used to bend square edges of
sheet metal and for bending and holding
small size of wire.

17. Pliers
Diagonal Sidecutting Pliers
This is used for cutting medium sizes of
wires. It is also used for bending small
pieces of soft metal.

18. Pliers
Round Nose Pliers
Used to bend leads of components and to
install retaining rings which are a type of
fastener used in assembling parts.

19. 4. Wire Stripper
A special tool used for removing
insulation of medium-sized wires and can
remove the insulation of rubber covered
wires varying from gauge no. 26 to gauge
no. 10.

20. 5. Electrician`s Cutter (blade)
It is used by linemen to remove insulation
of big cables in high and low voltage
transmission lines.

21. 6. Wire Gauge
It is a special tool used in sizing wires.
The Brown and Sharpe gauge (B&S), and
lately called the American Wire Gauge
(AWG) can measure from gauge no. 0 to
gauge no. 36 of solid wire.

22. 7. Hammer
Classified either as hard or soft faces. The
cylindrical shaped head hammer has a
hard face for striking hard objects like
cold chinsel, star drill and nails. The
cylindrical shaped soft face hammer is
made of plastic or hard rubber used in
rewinding job.

23. Claw Hammer
It is used to drive or to pull out nails in
the piece of wood.

24. Ball Peen Hammer
It is used to flatten surfaces of metal, to
straighten wires, to straighten metals,
and for riveting metals.

25. Soft Faced Hammer
It is used for rewinding jobs like forming
coils, assembly and disassembly of
motors.

26. 8. Wrench
These tools are used to turn nuts or hold
the piece of stock when tightening screws,
nuts and bolts.

27. Adjustable Wrench
It is handy and can quickly be adjusted
for sized to grip piece of stock. Adjust the
claw firmly and make certain the wrench
is set so that the pull on the handle is
toward the bottom side. This relieves
heavy pressures on the adjustable jaw.

28. Vise-Grip Wrench
A special wrench which can be locked on
to an object and will grip it with great
pressure. The round knurled knob in the
end of the handle is screwed in out to
adjust the jaws to the size of the object
which is to be gripped.

29. Open-end Wrench
This is a handy wrench but not as
dependable as a box wrench. This wrench
grasps the nuts on only two of its flat
sides, and is subject to slipping under
heavy pull.

30. Box Wrench
It is an excellent tool as it grips the nut on
all sides. This reduces the chances of
slipping with resultant damage to the nut
and possibly the hand.

31. Allen Wrench
The end tip is shaped hexagonally to fit
the same shape of the screw to tightened
or loosened.

32. 9. Center Punch
It is used for making metal parts so that
they can be correctly re-assembled as well
as for marking and centering on metal
part to bore holes.

33. 10. Hack Saw
It is used for cutting small and medium-sized
metals. Most hacksaw have
adjustable frames, so that the saw can be
used blades of different sizes. The blade
should always be fitted with the teeth
pointing away from the handle.

34. 11. Hand Drill and Bit
It is used for boring holes on small and
medium-sized metals.

35. 12. C-clamp
It is manufactured in many sizes and is
used for clamping and holding parts
together while they are being assembled.

36. 13. Pipe Cutter
It is used to cut small sized of pipe. It has
three small round cutters made of
hardened steel. The pipe cutter is slipped
over the pipe where the cut is to be made;
the cutter is then pressed against the pipe
and rotated around to cut a grove until
the pipe is cut.

37. 14. Electric Soldering Iron
It is utilizes electricity to heat the copper
tip. Used to solder joints and terminal
connections. The sizes of electric soldering
iron are given in watts, and the voltage for
source of connections.

38. 15. Electric Soldering Gun
The contour shape of this tool is similar to
a hand gun with hard copper wire as
soldering tip. This is used to solder joints,
and terminal connections. The sizes vary
from 50 watts to more than 1000 watts.

39. 16. Bench vise
It is used to hold pieces of stock for hand
tool operation such as filling, drilling,
cutting, bending, reaming, threading, and
tapping. Vises are made of different sizes.
All vises consist essentially of fixed jaw,
movable jaw and handle.

40. 17. Push-Pull Tape Rule
It is a measuring tool calibrated in
English and Metric measurements. It is
generally used to measure distance of a
flat surface.

41. 18. Tin Snip
This hand tool is generally used for
cutting thin sheets of metal.

42. 19. File
This is made out of a carbon steel with
brittle and sharp teeth, used to smoothen,
remove rough surfaces or edges of metals.
Files have different sizes and shapes of
blade with wooden handle. It is
manufactured in flat, half-round and
round file.

43. 20. Riveter
This hand tool is used generally to fasten
two pieces of thin sheet metal. It is done
by means of inserting a rivet in the
common hole of two sheet metals. The
riveter presses the rivet firmly to fasten
two sheet metals.

44. Machine Tools
These are tools which are operated and
manipulated by our hands with the used
of electric energy

45. 1. PCB Drill
A handy drill powered by either a 9 volt or
12 volt of direct current. It is generally
used to drill holes into copper foil
corresponding to the leads of the
components to be connected.

46. 2. Portable Electric Drill
A small drilling machine with a chuck
capacity of ¼” and 3/8”. It is used to bore
holes on lighter metal works.

47. 3. Drill Press
It is used to bore holes on metal light or
heavy work. This is usually a heavy duty
drilling machine installed permanently in
a shop.

48. Electrical Measuring Instruments
They are precision measuring instruments
which are used to measure currents,
voltages, wattages, resistances, and other
important elements in
electrical/electronic works.

49. 1. Voltmeter
It is an instrument that measures the
voltage of electrical pressure of a circuit.
The unit of measure is volt (V). This
instrument is connected across the
circuit.

50. 2. Ammeter
It is a n electrical measuring instrument
used to measure the amount of electrical
current (A). It is connected along the
circuit.

51. 3. Ohmmeter
It is an instrument used to measure the
resistance of a circuit or device. The unit
measure is ohm (Ω). It is connected across
the circuit or load.

52. 4. Wattmeter
It is an instrument used to measure the
electrical power of a circuit. The unit of
measure is watt (w). It is connected in
series-parallel with the circuit.

53. 5. Frequency Meter
It is an instrument used to measure the
speed of alternating current or direct
current in a circuit. The unit of measure
is cycles per second or hertz (CPS or Hz).
It is connected in series with the circuit.

54. 6. Galvanometer
An instrument used to measure small
voltage in a circuit. The unit of measure is
volt (V). Usually it has a zero center
indicator it is connected in parallel with
the circuit.

55. 7. Oscilloscope
It is an instrument used to measure and
show the waveform of alternating current
or voltage following in a circuit. It is
connected in parallel with the circuit or
load.

56. 8. Volt-Ohm-Milli-Ammeter
It is also called the multi-tester or the
multi-meter. It is used to measure either
the voltage, current or resistance of a
circuit. It is connected either in parallel or
series with the circuit depending on what
to measure.

57. 9. Amprobe
It Is also called the clamp-ammeter or
tong tester. Use to measure current
following in a conductor. It is connected
or clamped on the conductor.

58. Care and Maintenance of Tools
1. Wipe or clean after every use with a
clean and soft cloth to remove dirt.
2. Keep all tools in a tool room or tool rack.
3. Tools should be applied with appropriate
oil to prevent them from rusting.

59. Care and Maintenance of Tools
4. Drill tools should be sharpened
properly if they are dull.
5. Tooth cutting tools should be
sharpened as often as necessary.
6. Never drop tools especially precision
instruments or testing tools.

60. Care and Maintenance of Tools
7. Except hammers, never use tools as
hammers.
8. Never use screwdrivers as wood chisel
nor cold chisel.
9. If necessary, never file the soldering tip
of soldering copper

61. Care and Maintenance of Tools
Wipe the tip with a neat soft cloth to
remove dirt.
10. Do not overheat the electric soldering
iron.
11. Never use dull tools, it will cause
harm to your work or yourself.

62. Care and Maintenance of Tools
12. Always issue or lend tools with
receipt.
13. Tools borrowed should be returned in
good condition, otherwise it should be
replace with a new and of the same kind.