this ppt file is made for nanodevices courses seminar.

1. CARBON NANOTUEBS
By:
Alireza Moazzeni
Supervisor:
Prof.Z.Kordrostami
Fall 2018 1
Shiraz University
Faculty Of Elecrical Engineering
Department Of Micro And Nano Devices

2. CONTENTS
2
HISTORY
WHAT ARE THEY?
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CNT
PROPERTIES OF NANOTUBES
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CNT
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION

3. HISTORY
• 1952: L. V. RADUSHKEVICH AND V. M. LUKYANOVICH,
SOVIET JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
• 1979: JOHN ABRAHAMSON ,14TH BIENNIAL CONFERENCE
OF CARBON AT PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 1987, HOWARD G. TENNENT OF HYPERION CATALYSIS
WAS ISSUED A U.S. PATENT
• 1991:SUMIO LIJIMA OF NEC
3

4. What Are They?
• TUBE-SHAPED MATERIAL, MADE OF
CARBON(ALLOTROPES), HAVING A
DIAMETER MEASURING ON THE
NANOMETRE SCALE
4
•
•

5. What Are They?
5
Graphene
CNT
Graphite
Fullerene
Family background

6. 6
• 1-CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CHIARILITY:
• A-ARMCHAIR
• B-ZIGZAG
• C-CHIRAL
• IF:
• Ø= 0º, ZIGZAG NANOTUBE
• 0º < Ø < 60º, CHIRAL NANOTUBE
• Ø > 60º, ARMCHAIR NANOTUBE
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CNT

7. CHIRALITY AND DIAMETER EFFECT ON CONDUCTIVITY
AND BANDGAP
7
• Longer diameter
increases the band
gap
• Armchair and
zigzag CNTS are
less conductive

8. • 2-CLASSIFICATION BASED ON LAYERS:
• A-SINGLE WALLED NANOTUBES(SWNT)
• B-MULTI WALLED NANOTUBES(MWNT)
8
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CNT

9. • Comparison Between Swnt And Mwnt
9
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CNT

10. CLASSIFICATIONS OF CNT
10
3-Classification based on conductivity
• Determines by chirality
• R=m𝑎1 + 𝑛𝑎2 is the wrapping vector
IF:
n=m; CNT is armchair and metallic
For all other tubes IF:
n-m=3l where l is an integer tubes
are considered to be metallic
otherwise they are semiconducors

11. PROPERTIES OF C-NANOTUBES
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Physical:
 Size: Varies from 0.6 to 1.8 nanometer in
diameter and to 4 centimeters in lentgh
 Density: 1.33 to 1.4 grams per cubic
centimeter,Al is 2.7
 Flexibility: C-nanotubes can be bent at
large angles and restraightened without
damage,decreases by increasing the
diameter.
 Strength: one of the strongest materials
in terms of tensile strength and elastic
modulus,up to average 1.3 Tpa for
young modulue,

12. 12
PROPERTIES OF C-NANOTUBES
Electrical: Band Structure:

13. 13
PROPERTIES OF C-NANOTUBES
Electrical: DOS:

14. 14
PROPERTIES OF C-NANOTUBES
Electrical: DOS:

15. 1515
PROPERTIES OF C-NANOTUBES
Thermal: thermal conductivity:
Depends on:
• Diameter
• Length
Thermal conductivity of stainless
stell at room T is 12-45 w/mk

16. 3 MAIN WAYS OF SYNTHESIS
16
• Arc Discharge
• Chemical Vapor Deposition
• Laser Ablation

17. 17
3 MAIN WAYS OF SYNTHESIS
• 1-Arc Discharge:
• Most common and easiest
• First official method
• Carbon soursce is graphite
• Chamber with Graphitic anode and cathode
• Metal particles as catalyst
• Chamber filled with helium
• 4000 K is the chamber temperature
• there are two main different ways:
• 1-synthesis With Use Of Different Catalyst Precursors
which yields SWNT
• 2-synthesis Without Use Of Catalyst Precursors which
yields MWNT
• diameter and chirality are not controllable

18. 18
3 MAIN WAYS OF SYNTHESIS
• 2-Laser Ablation:
• High-power laser vaporization
• Diameter of the nanotubes depends upon the
laser power
• Carbon soursce is graphite
• Metal particles as catalyst to create SWNT
• Similar to the arc-discharge technique, but in this
method, the needed energy is provided by a
laser
• Main disadvantage is that the obtained
nanotubes from this technique are not
necessarily uniformly straight
• Precesure is not economically advantageous
because of high-purity graphite rods and great
laser power requirement
• Quantity of nanotubes that can be synthesized is
not as high as arc-discharge technique.

19. 19
3 MAIN WAYS OF SYNTHESIS
• 3-Chemical vapor deposition:
• Most common method
• CVD shows the most promise for
Achieving the goal of mass production
• Silicon substrate and iron or cobalt
catalyst
• 700 C
• Diameter of CNTs can be controlled
• Yields much great scale of CNT

20. APPLICATIONS:
20
Energy storage:
• As current collector in
supercapacitors
• Small dimension
• Smooth surface topology
• High electron transfer
rate
• Reduce charging time to
few minutes

21. 21
APPLICATIONS:
Molcular electronics:
• Miniaturisation of the silicon
devices is going to reach
fundamental quantum limits
• We can use them as conduvtive
wires or as semiconducting
part.
• The gain of transistor excels 10-
100 times than conventional
transistors.
• As a source to drain chanel in
FETs.

22. APPLICATIONS
22
Sensors:
• its whole weight is concentrated in the
surface
• excellent sensitivity of the CNT properties
to atoms and molecules adsorbed on their
surface
• Gas sensors
• Biosensors and drug delivery
• increase sensitivity and lower detection
limits

23. 23
APPLICATIONS
Composite materials:
• Great sustainment against
large strains
• Flexiblity
• Lightweighted material
• Reinforcement in composite
materials

24. 24
APPLICATIONS
Water desalination
• A potential solution to water shortage
• Lowcost process

25. OTHER APPLICATIONS:
25
• Micro electric motors
• Nano scale diiods
• Nano conducting cables
• Solar cells
• Sport clothes

26. FUTURE PROJECT:
• SPACE ELEVATOR:
• KONSTANTIN EDUARDOVICH TSIOLKOVSK
26

27. CONCLUSION
27
• CNT opened up a host of new applications and improved our
comperhense of nano scale materials.
• Remarkable properties of CNT play an important role toward
miniaturisatoin of devices.
• Cnt is predicted to spark a seies of industrial revolutions in the
next decades as what silicon devices did in the lst decades.
• Lack of the purification method is the main reason that CNT are
not widely used nowdays and all we need are better synthesis
and pureification methods for producing large amounts.
• “The next big thing is really small”

28. [1]:C.H. AHN, Y. BAEK, C. LEE, S.O. KIM, S. KIM, S. LEE, S.H. KIM, S.S. BAE, J. PARK, J. YOONCARBON NANOTUBE-BASED
MEMBRANES: FABRICATION AND APPLICATION TO DESALINATION
J. IND. ENG. CHEM., 18 (5) (2012), PP. 1551-1559
28
[2]8. I. Yakobson, in Fullerenes-Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials, R. S.
Ruoff and K. M. Kadish, Eds. (Electrochemical Society. Pennington. NJ. 1997). vol. 5 (97-
42). pp. 549-56
[3] S. Iijima, “Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon,” Nature, vol. 354, no. 6348, pp. 56–58, 1991.
[4] R. Hirlekar, M. Yamagar, H. Garse, M. Vij, and V. Kadam, “Carbon nanotubes and its applications: a review,” Asian
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 17–27,
2009.
REFRENCES:
[5] B. G. P. Singh, C. Baburao, V. Pispati et al., “Carbon nanotubes. A novel drug delivery system,”International
Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 523–532, 2012.
[6] Y.Usui, H.Haniu, S. Tsuruoka, andN. Saito, “Carbon nanotubes innovate on medical technology,” Medicinal
Chemistry, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2012.
[7] Y. Zhang, Y. Bai, and B.Yan, “Functionalized carbon nanotubes for potential medicinal applications,” Drug
Discovery Today, vol. 15, no. 11-12, pp. 428–435, 2010.
[8] B. Kateb, V. Yamamoto, D. Alizadeh et al., “Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) synthesis, preparation,
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[9] Z. Liu, X. Sun, N. Nakayama-Ratchford, and H. Dai, “Supramolecular chemistry on water-soluble carbon
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29. QUESTIONS
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30. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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