Severe concerns over the consequences of climate change may lead us to make a forced choice between energy and environment. Averting such a crisis will be difficult, because fossil energy resources are an essential part of the world’s energy supply and climate change is mainly driven by the build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbon capture and sequestration is a boon in a carbon constrained world and a study of this topic may help us understand more about this process and its importance in today's world. In this presentation, I have tried to highlight the important steps involved in the overall process of carbon capture and sequestration and it is supported by some graphs.

1. Carbon Capture and
Sequestration
- Yash Pandey
ThirdYear (Petroleum Engineering)
Maharashtra Institute ofTechnology, Pune

2. CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS CARBON CAPTURE AND
SEQUESTRATION?
CARBON CAPTURE
TRANSPORTATION
SEQUESTRATION
CASE STUDY
REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
 Global Warming is the most severe problem that the planet is facing.
 Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere are the major
contributors to this problem.
 Carbon dioxide (CO2), more than any other greenhouse gases, has
contributed the most to climate change
 Most of the carbon dioxide emissions comes from the burning of fossil
fuels like coal, natural gas and oil.

4. Source: http://climatica.org.uk/mitigating-climate-change-ipcc-wgiii-report

5. Source https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/full.html

6. WHAT IS CARBON CAPTURE
AND SEQUESTRATION?
 The CCS process captures carbon dioxide (CO2) generated at
largescale industrial sources (power plants, refineries, gasification
facilities, etc.)
 Once captured, it is transported to an injection site to be
permanently stored in the subsurface.
 Main objective is to reduce atmospheric emissions of greenhouse
gases.

7. Source “The Grand Challenge of Carbon Capture and Sequestration”, Journal of Petroleum
Technology

8. CARBON CAPTURE
 The first step in the process of Carbon Capture and Sequestration
is the capturing of carbon dioxide
 In this process, the carbon dioxide is removed, or separated, from
coal and gas power plants, and from the manufacturing of steel
and cement.
 There are three types of capture:
❖ Post-combustion
❖ Pre-combustion
❖ Oxyfuel combustion.

9. Source http://www.fossiltransition.org

12. TRANSPORTATION
 Once CO2 is successfully captured from the rest of the flue gas
components it needs to be transported to the storage site.
 Carbon dioxide is currently transported for commercial purposes
by road tanker, ship and pipeline.
 Carbon dioxide will be transported through the pipelines in the
supercritical state.
 Each CCS project would choose the most appropriate method for
transporting carbon dioxide and be subject to planning and health
and safety regulation

13. Source http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/climateChange/CCS/CO2t

14. Source “Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage” by Intergovernmental Panel

15. SEQUESTRATION
 The final stage involved in the CCS is the carbon sequestration
where in CO2 is injected into the porous rocks deep in the Earth’s
crust so as to isolate this gas from the atmosphere.
 In CO2 EOR, CO2 that is captured from the emitting sources and
transported is sequestered in this process
 Main objective of this operation is to produce as much oil as
possible, by using the minimum amount of CO2.
 Storage is therefore a by-product in this process.

16. Source: www.npd.no

17. CASE STUDY:The Sleipner CO2
storage project
 It was the world’s first demonstration of CCS technology.
 The injection rate of almost One MTPA also makes the project one
of the largest demonstrations of CCS in the world to date
 Around 16.2 million tonnes of CO2 has been injected since the
inception to June 2016.

19. Source: “The Sleipner CCS experience” by Olav
Skalmeraas

20. REFERENCE
 https://www.iea.org/topics/ccs
 Mrs.Trude Sundset, “Latest developments in Carbon Capture and
Sequestration”, 20th World Petroleum Congress, Doha 2011
 Robin Beckwith, “Carbon Capture and Storage: A Mixed Review” , Journal
of PetroleumTechnology
 George J. Koperna Jr., Neeraj Gupta, Michael Godec, OwainTucker, David
Riestenberg, and Lydia Cumming, “The Grand Challenge of Carbon
Capture and Sequestration”, Journal of PetroleumTechnology
 Amirmasoud Kalantari-Dahaghi, Shahab D. Mohaghegh, Qin He, “CO2
Driven Enhanced Gas Recovery and Storage in Depleted Shale Reservoir-
A Numerical Simulation Study”
 L. Stephen Melzer, “Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO2 EOR):
Factors Involved in Adding Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage
(CCUS) to Enhanced Oil Recovery”
 R.E Hester, R.M Harrison, “Carbon Capture, Sequestration and Storage”
 Ola Eiken, Philip Ringrose, Christian Hermanrud, Bamshad Nazarian,
Tore A.Torp and Lars Høier, “Lessons Learned from 14 years of CCS

21. THANKYOU