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This document summarizes key concepts related to neoplasia (tumors/cancers). It defines neoplasia as uncontrolled cell proliferation that continues even after removing the stimulus. Tumors are classified based on characteristics like cell type, malignancy, differentiation, and metastasis potential. Malignant tumors are invasive and metastatic compared to benign tumors. Degree of differentiation refers to how closely tumor cells resemble the normal tissue they originated from. Dysplasia and carcinoma are also described.
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This document discusses a white paper from Camfil Farr that introduces their LCC 2010 life cycle costing software. The software allows HVAC engineers and facilities managers to optimize air filter selection for air handling units to minimize total life cycle costs, including energy costs. It provides more accurate predictions than theoretical calculations by using real-world performance data from thousands of filter installations. The software calculates cost savings from selecting the most efficient filters and identifies the filters that deliver the lowest lifetime costs while maintaining indoor air quality.
Смыслы и тренды в дизайне интернет-магазинов
Ни для кого не секрет, что интернет-магазинов сейчас становится все больше и больше, но вперед вырываются лишь немногие. Единицы из них имеют хорошую конверсию и, как следствие, миллионную прибыль.
Как же сделать интернет-магазин успешным? Кроме соответствия рынку, продуманной стратегии и хорошего маркетинга, необходимо создать привлекательную оболочку, внешний вид. По статистике, человек в течение лишь нескольких секунд решает (на уровне подсознания), оставаться ему на сайте или нет.
UrShoe.com
The document discusses the original idea for UrShoe.com which was simply to sell customized shoes online with no business model or value proposition outlined. It then explains how the Business Model Canvas template can be used to develop a business model by describing the key elements of value proposition, infrastructure, customers, and finances. Finally, it provides an example business model for UrShoe.com that outlines its offer, customer segments, distribution channels, key resources, activities, and revenue streams.
Visual Resume
Kelly Finn is a Merchandising Apparel & Textiles major at the University of Kentucky with a current internship at Sephora. She created a visual resume highlighting her pattern design work, theme board assignment, and window display project. While her major is in merchandising, her true passion is makeup artistry and she hopes to continue working at Sephora or become a freelance makeup artist in the Lexington area, taking inspiration from freelance artist Kandee Johnson.
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Neoplasia basics
1. Neoplasia refers to abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth that can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are slow-growing and localized, while malignant tumors proliferate rapidly and can spread throughout the body.
2. Tumors are classified based on their cell of origin - carcinomas arise from epithelial cells, sarcomas from mesenchymal cells. Special tumor categories include teratomas (derived from multiple germ layers), mixed tumors (containing two cell types), and blastomas (embryonic cell tumors more common in children).
3. Characteristics used to distinguish benign from malignant tumors include rate of growth, degree of differentiation, invasion of surrounding tissues, and metastasis. Malignant tumors
neoplasia.pptx
This document provides an overview of neoplasia (abnormal growths or tumors):
- A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue that grows in an uncontrolled manner independent of normal growth regulation. Neoplasms develop through multiple genetic mutations over time that provide a survival and growth advantage to the neoplastic cells.
- Neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumors are characterized by local invasion, metastasis, and lack of differentiation. They are graded based on degree of abnormal cell appearance and proliferation.
- The molecular basis of cancer involves mutations in proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, and other genes regulating
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Cancer, also known as a malignant tumor, is characterized by abnormal cell growth that exceeds normal limits and can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Neoplasms, which include both benign and malignant tumors, originate from a single cell that has incurred genetic changes causing uncontrolled growth. Benign tumors are generally not life-threatening, remain localized, and do not spread, whereas malignant tumors can invade other tissues and metastasize to distant sites. The behavior and characteristics of tumors are determined by their parenchymal cells and surrounding stromal tissues.
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This document defines neoplasia as abnormal new growth resulting from uncontrolled cellular proliferation. It distinguishes neoplasia from hyperplasia based on lack of normal control and persistence after stimulus removal. Neoplasms contain proliferating parenchymal cells and supporting stromal tissue. Benign tumors are well-differentiated, encapsulated, and do not metastasize, while malignant tumors are poorly differentiated, infiltrative, and can metastasize. The document also discusses tumor nomenclature, characteristics, causes, pathways of spread including lymphatic and hematogenous routes, common metastatic sites, staging, and grading of cancers.
Neoplasia & carcinogenesis.pptx dr.jawahar singh.pptx 1
This document summarizes a presentation on neoplasia and carcinogenesis. It begins with definitions of neoplasia and discusses the nomenclature and classification of neoplasms as benign or malignant. The key differences between benign and malignant tumors are described. The document then covers the molecular basis of cancer, outlining a multistep process of carcinogenesis involving oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, and genes regulating apoptosis. It describes the hallmarks of cancer and discusses epidemiology, etiology, tumor immunity, and clinical aspects of neoplasia.
Neoplasia
Cancer is caused by genetic mutations that alter key cellular processes like growth, survival and senescence. These mutations are passed down to daughter cells, allowing cancer cells to grow uncontrollably. The accumulation of mutations gives cancers abilities like self-sufficient growth, evading cell death and spreading to other areas. Benign tumors are well-differentiated, localized and do not invade other tissues or metastasize. Malignant tumors are poorly differentiated, grow and spread rapidly, invade locally and metastasize to distant sites. The ability to metastasize defines a tumor as cancerous.
Neoplasia class 1.pptx
This document provides information on neoplasia and the classification of tumors. It defines neoplasia as new abnormal growth and discusses the distinction between benign and malignant tumors. Benign tumors are self-limited, do not invade or spread, and can be surgically removed. Malignant tumors invade nearby tissue and metastasize to distant sites. The document outlines different types of benign and malignant tumors based on cell of origin and characteristics. It also discusses features of tumor differentiation, anaplasia, and cellular changes seen in malignant tumors.
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This document provides an overview of neoplasia and tumor characteristics and classification. It defines neoplasia as new abnormal cell growth that can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors remain localized, while malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant sites. Tumors are classified based on tissue of origin, degree of differentiation, growth patterns, and whether they are benign or malignant. Malignant tumors are generally less differentiated, grow and spread more rapidly, and invade locally and metastasize, making them more difficult to treat. The document also discusses cellular adaptations, causes of cancer, tumor properties, grading, staging, and nomenclature used in tumor classification.
MECHANISM OF NEOPLASIA
Neoplasia refers to abnormal cell growth. Benign tumors grow slowly, are self-limited and non-invasive, while malignant tumors grow rapidly, invade surrounding tissues, and can metastasize to distant sites. The mechanism of neoplasia involves loss of differentiation, increased growth rate, local invasion, and metastasis in malignant tumors compared to benign tumors. Nomenclature of tumors is based on the cell of origin and suffix, such as carcinoma for epithelial tumors and sarcoma for mesenchymal tumors.
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This document discusses cancer and tumors from several perspectives. It begins by defining key terms like neoplasm, tumor, and cancer. It then covers the classification of tumors based on tissue of origin and behavior. Benign and malignant tumors are compared in terms of characteristics like growth rate, invasion, and metastasis. The metastatic cascade is described as a multi-step process. The major sites of cancer metastasis are outlined. Risk factors for cancer and models of carcinogenesis on the genetic and molecular level are reviewed.
Neoplasia
This document discusses neoplasms and tumors. It begins by defining neoplasia and neoplasms, and distinguishes between benign and malignant tumors. It then describes the two basic components of tumors - the parenchyma comprising proliferating tumor cells, and the supportive stroma. Several special categories of tumors are discussed such as mixed tumors, teratomas, and blastomas. The document also covers tumor characteristics such as rate of growth, clinical and microscopic features, local invasion and metastasis. It provides details on classification of tumors based on cell type and discusses the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis.
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Neoplasia refers to abnormal tumor growth. Benign tumors are non-invasive and localized, while malignant tumors are invasive and spreading. Tumors are named based on the tissue of origin, such as carcinomas arising from epithelial tissue and sarcomas from connective tissue. Well-differentiated tumors resemble normal cells, while poorly-differentiated tumors have primitive, undifferentiated cells. Malignant tumors exhibit features like irregular growth, invasion, increased size and mitosis, and lack of differentiation. Dysplasia refers to disordered cell growth showing abnormalities but remaining in situ.
Neoplastic diseases
The document provides information on cancer and tumor biology. It defines cancer as uncontrolled cell proliferation that can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors are able to invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant sites. Some key differences between benign and malignant tumors include variations in cell shape and size, ploidy, mitotic rate, loss of specialization, and organization. The causes of cancer include chemical, physical, and infectious factors that introduce mutations in DNA. The development of cancer involves multiple genetic alterations that progress cancer from normal to invasive stages.
Tumor biology
The document discusses tumour biology and classification. It defines benign and malignant tumours, with benign tumours being localized growths that are non-invasive and slow-growing, while malignant tumours infiltrate surrounding tissues, metastasize, and are poorly differentiated. Tumours are classified based on their tissue of origin, with epithelial tumours called carcinomas and mesenchymal tumours called sarcomas. Grading and staging of malignant tumours is also discussed, with grade relating to differentiation and stage relating to tumour size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis. Various benign and malignant tumour types and their microscopic features are presented with images.
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Cancer arises from uncontrolled cell growth and spread of abnormal cells. It is not a single disease but many disorders that differ in causes and responses to treatment. Some cancers like Hodgkin's lymphoma are curable, while others like pancreatic cancer are usually fatal. Understanding the molecular basis and causes of cancer has led to declines in cancer mortality in recent decades. Neoplasia refers to abnormal cell growth, and tumors can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are self-limited and do not spread, while malignant tumors invade nearby tissue and metastasize. Cancers are classified based on the cell type of origin, such as carcinomas arising from epithelial cells and sarcomas from connective tissue cells.
Neoplasia part 1
Cancer arises from genetic mutations and epigenetic changes that alter gene expression and cellular processes like growth, survival and senescence. These changes are heritable and allow cancer cells to outcompete normal cells, forming clonal tumors. Cancers are characterized by autonomous growth, lack of response to growth signals, evasion of cell death, limitless replication, angiogenesis, invasion/metastasis, altered metabolism and evading the immune system. Tumors are classified based on tissue of origin, behavior, morphology and differentiation into benign or malignant types like carcinomas, sarcomas and leukemias/lymphomas.
Neoplasia
Neoplasia refers to new abnormal growth of tissue. A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue that grows in an uncontrolled manner. Neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The growth of neoplasms is driven by genetic changes that allow the cells to proliferate autonomously. Tumors are monoclonal in origin, arising from a single cell. The hallmarks of neoplasms include persistent and purposeless proliferation, a parasitic nature, progression, and clonal expansion. Tumors are classified based on their tissue of origin and behavior. Malignant tumors can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant sites. The development of neoplasms involves genetic and environmental factors
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The document discusses pathological diagnosis of neoplasms. It defines key terms like neoplasm, tumor, cancer, dysplasia and anaplasia. It describes the nomenclature, morphology, differentiation, benign vs malignant characteristics and molecular basis of neoplasms. It also discusses grading and staging of neoplasms, which are important for determining diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Main contents of pathological reports include the location and characteristics of the lesion.
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This document provides an overview of basic concepts in health planning. It discusses that health planning is a process that culminates in decisions around future health facilities and services to meet community needs. There are different types of planning based on time frame (short, medium, long term) and hierarchy of goals (health policy, program, operational). Effective health planning is multidisciplinary, takes a multisectoral approach, and involves teamwork. The key steps in health planning include situation analysis, problem identification and prioritization, setting goals and targets, determining and analyzing strategies, identifying major activities, developing a budget, and establishing monitoring and evaluation.
Atraumatic restorative treatment (art) for tooth
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Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART), is based on removing decalcified tooth tissue using only hand instruments and restoring the cavity with an adhesive filling material.
A minimally invasive approach to both prevent dental carious lesions and stop its further progression
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Mandibular nerve block (other techniques), For more Visit : http://dentistryandmedicine.blogspot.com/
Mandibular nerve block (other techniques)
The document discusses different nerve block techniques for anesthetizing specific areas during dental procedures, including the long buccal nerve block, mental nerve block, and incisive nerve block. The long buccal nerve block provides buccal soft tissue anesthesia adjacent to the mandibular molars. The mental nerve block provides sensation to the buccal soft tissue anterior to the mental foramen, lip, and chin. The incisive nerve block anesthetizes the incisive and mental nerves, providing sensation to the mandibular labial mucosa, lower lip, chin, and incisor, canine, and bicuspid teeth.
Mandibular nerve block
The document discusses techniques for mandibular anesthesia. It focuses on the inferior alveolar nerve block, which has the highest success rate of mandibular nerve blocks but still a failure rate of 15-20%. The inferior alveolar nerve block anesthetizes multiple areas including the mandibular teeth and soft tissues, but does not provide complete mandibular anesthesia and may require supplemental techniques. Precise deposition of the local anesthetic solution within 1mm of the inferior alveolar nerve is required for success.
Small cell carcinoma
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that can be categorized as small cell or non-small cell. Small cell lung cancer grows faster but is more responsive to chemotherapy. It can be limited, confined to the chest, or extensive, having spread outside the chest. Symptoms often appear after the cancer has invaded tissues or spread. Small cell lung cancer accounts for 20% of lung cancer cases and has a median survival of 16-24 months with treatment for limited stage disease. Risk factors include cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke exposure. Treatment depends on stage and typically involves chemotherapy and radiation.
Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. It begins as pre-cancerous changes to cervical cells and can progress to cancer. About 10,520 new cases are diagnosed in the US each year, with risks highest for those who are sexually active at a young age or have HPV. Screening via Pap tests can detect cell abnormalities early when treatment is most effective. Treatment options depend on cancer stage and may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or vaccines.
Biopsy in oral surgery
- A biopsy is the removal of tissue for diagnostic examination and includes oral cytology, aspiration biopsy, incisional biopsy, and excisional biopsy.
- It is important to properly prepare for and handle biopsy specimens to avoid altering the tissue and properly orient the pathologist.
- If biopsy results do not match the clinical impression, the biopsy should be repeated at an oral pathology expert to accurately diagnose the lesion.
Radical neck dissection
The document discusses the classification and techniques of neck dissection for cervical lymph node metastasis. It describes the different types of neck dissection including radical neck dissection (RND), modified radical neck dissection (MRND), and selective neck dissection (SND). It outlines the lymph node levels and boundaries involved in each procedure. Key factors in determining the appropriate procedure include the primary tumor site and extent of lymph node involvement.
Interceptive orthodontics
Interceptive orthodontics refers to procedures that eliminate or reduce malocclusion in the developing dentition. Local factors that can cause malocclusion include delayed eruption, retained primary teeth, infraocclusion, ectopic eruption, hypodontia, diastema, crowding, and thumb sucking. Treatment for these local factors may include extractions, space maintenance, serial extraction, or appliances to redirect eruption. The timing of interceptive treatment is important to address developing issues before malocclusion worsens.
Interceptive orthodontics
Interceptive orthodontics refers to procedures that eliminate or reduce malocclusion in the developing dentition. Local factors that can cause malocclusion include delayed eruption, retained primary teeth, infraocclusion, ectopic eruption, hypodontia, diastema, crowding, and thumb sucking. Treatment for these local factors may include extractions, space maintenance, serial extraction, or appliances to redirect eruption. The timing of interceptive treatment is important to address developing issues before malocclusion worsens.
Maxillofacial trauma
This document discusses maxillofacial trauma, including:
1) Nasal and mandibular fractures are most common in community EDs, while midface and zygomatic injuries are most common in trauma centers.
2) Airway management is the top emergency priority, with options including awake intubation, laryngeal mask airway, and cricothyroidotomy.
3) Physical exam involves inspection for deformities and palpation for step-offs and crepitus, with specialized exams for the periorbital region, oral cavity, and mandible.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma, also known as renal cell cancer or kidney cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the lining of the kidney's tubules. Some key risk factors include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, long-term dialysis, and certain genetic syndromes. Symptoms can include blood in the urine, pain in the side, a lump or mass, weight loss, fever, and anemia. Surgery is the standard treatment for contained kidney cancer, while radiation and chemotherapy are generally not effective for treating kidney cancer. The prognosis depends on the stage, with a 91-100% 5-year survival rate for early-stage kidney cancer detected before it has spread beyond the kidney.
Mesothelioma presentation
Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs and abdomen. It is commonly caused by exposure to asbestos. There are three main types of mesothelioma - epithelioid, sarcomatoid, and biphasic - with epithelioid having the best prognosis. Symptoms are often mistaken for other conditions, delaying diagnosis until advanced stages. Treatment options include the drug Alimta, which was approved by the FDA and has been shown to increase survival time by about 30% when used alone or with other chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin. Prognosis depends on the type of mesothelioma and potential treatments available.
Types of Facial Injuries and Their indications for referrals
The document discusses various types of maxillary and mandible fractures, including LeFort fractures and their associated signs and symptoms. It recommends treating open fractures within 48 hours to restore normal occlusion and refers various complex injuries, such as those involving the intracranial cavity, cervical spine, orbit, or facial nerves. The summary emphasizes stabilizing the patient, thoroughly examining for other injuries, managing soft tissues, and referring complex cases for appropriate treatment.
Cancer
There are several types of malignant connective tissue tumors (sarcomas) that can develop at any age, though they are less common than carcinomas. Sarcomas spread through the bloodstream and are made up of neoplastic cells merged into the surrounding tissue (stroma). Examples include fibrosarcomas, osteosarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, and leiomyosarcomas. Teratomas are tumors composed of multiple tissue types from different germ layers arranged chaotically. They most commonly occur in the ovaries and testes of young and middle-aged individuals. While usually benign, teratomas can rarely become malignant.
Neoplasiia-Epithelial tumours
This document discusses different types of benign epithelial and connective tissue tumors. It describes papillomas, adenomas, fibromas, and myxomas. Papillomas are wart-like growths that can be squamous, transitional, or columnar cell types depending on the epithelial involvement. Adenomas consist of glandular structures lined with epithelial cells. Fibromas are circumscribed collections of fibroblasts surrounded by collagen. Myxomas are oval, translucent tumors containing mucin and stellate cells in connective tissue. Basal cell carcinoma is also mentioned as a locally invasive skin cancer arising from basal cells.
Cancer 111
This document discusses the aetiology of neoplasia (tumor development). It identifies several risk factors for cancer development including age, genetics, environment, and lifestyle habits. It describes how various carcinogenic agents like chemicals, radiation, viruses, and hormones can cause DNA damage and genetic mutations over time, leading to cancer initiation and promotion. Specifically, it explains how ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, viruses, chemicals, and hormones may contribute to cancer development and progression through their effects on DNA and cell proliferation.
Lungcancer
The document discusses lung cancer, including its causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, and treatment options. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women. Key risk factors include smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke, radon, asbestos, and other carcinogens. Common symptoms are cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and biopsies. Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and other approaches depending on the cancer's stage and type.
Oral Carcinosarcoma
A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma (cancer of epithelial tissue, which is skin and tissue that lines or covers the internal organs) and sarcoma (cancer of connective tissue, such as bone, cartilage, and fat) so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue.
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