This document discusses a broadband network system for factory automation. It begins with introducing broadband networks and their ability to transmit multiple signals simultaneously using a wide range of frequencies. It then discusses how broadband networks can support new data transmission needs for personal computing, video conferencing, and entertainment video. The document goes on to discuss wireless sensor networks (broadband networks) and their potential to provide new paradigms for factory automation by integrating sensing, control, computation and communication at each node to form a mesh network. It emphasizes how standardization is important for commercial success of using broadband networks for factory automation applications.

1. A
Term Paper
On
A BROADBAND NETWORK SYSTEM FOR FACTORY AUTOMATION
Subject – Computer Aided Manufacturing
Bachelor of Technology
In
Mechanical Engineering
Session – 2014-2015
Submitted To – Submitted By -
Mudita BHUPESH PANDEY
ME – 72
Roll No – 1112240057
Shri Ramswaroop Memorial College of Engineering and Management,
Affiliated to
Gautam Buddh Technical Lucknow University,

2. INTRODUCTION
The term broadband refers to the wide bandwidth characteristics of a transmission medium and
its ability to transport multiple signals and traffic types simultaneously. The medium can be
coaxial cable, optical fiber, twisted pair, DSL local telephone networks or wireless.
Broadband refers to a communication bandwidth of at-least 256 kbit/s. Each channel is 4 MHz
wide and it uses an extensive range of frequencies to effortlessly relay and receive data between
networks. In telecommunications, a broadband signaling method is one that handles a wide
band of frequencies. Broadband is a relative term, understood according to its context. The wider
(or broader) the bandwidth of a channel, the greater the information-carrying capacity, given the
same channel quality.
In radio, for example, a very narrow-band will carry Morse code; a broader band will carry
speech; a still broader band will carry music without losing the high audio frequencies required
for realistic sound reproduction. This broad band is often divided into channels or frequency bins
using passband techniques to allow frequency-division multiplexing, instead of sending a higher-quality
signal. A television antenna may be described as "broadband" because it is capable of
receiving a wide range of channels.
Personal computing facilitated easy access, manipulation, storage, and exchange of information,
and required reliable data transmission. Communicating documents by images and the use of
high-resolution graphics terminals provided a more natural and informative mode of human
interaction than do voice and data alone. Video teleconferencing enhances group interaction at a
distance. High-definition entertainment video improves the quality of pictures, but requires much
higher transmission rates.
These new data transmission requirements may require new transmission means other than the
present overcrowded radio spectrum. A modern telecommunications network (such as the
broadband network) must provide all these different services (multi-services) to the user.

3. ABSTRACT
The emerging technology of wireless sensor network(BROADBAND NETWORK) has changed
the way people interact with the physical world. BROADBAND NETWORK produces myriad
interdisciplinary research issues on information processing, control, communication and
computation.
It has also provided new paradigm for factory automation that has remarkable impacts on
control, tracking, monitoring, and diagnostics of the manufacturing processes and equipments.
A communication network is a fundamental necessity in most modern industrial operations to
support process control and other factory applications.
In many industrial facilities, wired networks are difficult to install or not flexible enough to
support quick process reconfiguration, making wireless an ideal choice.
A Tropos industrial wireless mesh network provides customers with the flexibility to install the
type of network they need, including support for remote locations and mobile equipment

4. LITERATURE SURVEY
Wireless technologies for telecommunication such as GSM, CDMA, GPRS, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA,
HSDPA and WiMAX etc. have revolutionary impacts on the personal communication.
Wi-Fi, based on IEEE 802.11 standard, has provided pervasive Internet access infrastructure at
home, at office, at school and at public place for many kinds of information exchanges and Web
application services.
For factory automation, the wireless telecommunication and wireless Internet services have also
enabled e-manufacturing that providing more operation efficiency at enterprise level.
However, at the shop floor level, the fundamental networking technologies are still based on
Field-bus that providing wired link between program logical controllers (PLC) and other devices
such as transducers, actuators, motors and switches to form the control chain.
The radio frequency identification (RFID) technology serves for electronic labels for asset
tracking and object identification in the factory yet lacks support for sensing, information
processing and actuation by its transponders.
To simplify the machinery access and monitoring in hash environments as well as to reduce the
cost of cabling and maintenance by using mobile or ad-hoc device, wireless personal area
network (WPAN) based on IEEE 802.15 standards have become new fundamental technologies
in factory automation.
Such sensors and actuators that are based on wireless interface and protocols provide new
paradigm for factory automation as they have integrated sensing, control, computation and
communication capabilities into a single tiny node and will form a mesh network called wireless
sensor network (BROADBAND NETWORK). Control over the BROADBAND NETWORK
with the characteristics of packet delay, packet loss and packet disorder has posed new
challenges in the areas of traditional robust control, performance analysis and signal processing.

5. As BROADBAND NETWORK is the low power pervasive computation platform for factory
monitoring, process control and supervisory control, optimization for power becomes one of the
key issues that have implied the tradeoff between the control and communication performance.
Standardization of BROADBAND NETWORK is one of the most important industrial drives to
its commercial success for factory automation applications. The standardization processes are
focused in two areas: network protocol and sensor interface.

6. Modern broadband network services types:
Modern broadband network services in of following types-
 Multimedia,
 multi-point, and
 multi-rate.
These aspects are examined individually in the following three sub-sections .
Multi-media
A multi-media call may communicate audio, data, still images, or full-motion video, or any
combination of these media. Each medium has different demands for communication quality,
such as:
 bandwidth requirement,
 signal latency within the network, and
 signal fidelity upon delivery by the network.
The information content of each medium may affect the information generated by other media.
For example, voice could be transcribed into data via voice recognition, and data commands may
control the way voice and video are presented. These interactions most often occur at the
communication terminals, but may also occur within the network.
Multi-point
Traditional voice calls are predominantly two party calls, requiring a point-to-point connection
using only the voice medium. To access pictorial information in a remote database would require
a point-to-point connection that sends low bit-rate queries to the database and high bit-rate video
from the database. Entertainment video applications are largely point-to-multi-point connections,
requiring one-way communication of full motion video and audio from the program source to the
viewers. Video teleconferencing involves connections among many parties, communicating
voice, video, as well as data. Offering future services thus requires flexible management of the
connection and media requests of a multi-point, multi-media communication call.

7. Multi-rate
A multi-rate service network is one which flexibly allocates transmission capacity to
connections. A multi-media network has to support a broad range of bit-rates demanded by
connections, not only because there are many communication media, but also because a
communication medium may be encoded by algorithms with different bit-rates. For example,
audio signals can be encoded with bit-rates ranging from less than 1 kbit/s to hundreds of kbit/s,
using different encoding algorithms with a wide range of complexity and quality of audio
reproduction. Similarly, full motion video signals may be encoded with bit-rates ranging from
less than 1 Mbit/s to hundreds of Mbit/s. Thus a network transporting both video and audio
signals may have to integrate traffic with a very broad range of bit-rates.
Control over BROADBAND NETWORK
In BROADBAND NETWORK, data fusion is carried out in a distributed manner. Due to energy
constraints of the nodes, data transmission over network without any compression is unrealistic
in general.
Hence, local data compression becomes an important aspect of signal processing design. The
static parametric data model has been proposed using the integrated design of local signal
processing algorithms and communication strategies among sensor nodes.
For some dynamic parametric data models that was proposed, the different noise probability
model such as non-Gaussian noise probability density functions (pdfs), known pdfs with some
unknown parameters and multivariable pdfs, had been analyzed respectively.
The recursive algorithms were designed for distributed signal processing based on sign of
innovations (SOI) and it has been proved that SOI Kalman filter (KF) comes close to traditional
KF in terms of performance.

9. Standardization for BROADBAND NETWORK
Standardization for BROADBAND NETWORK has great impacts on its success in the factory
automation application market. Any factory automation systems using BROADBAND
NETWORK for control and maintenance comprise various components such as transducers,
sensor nodes, communication protocols and integrated software and test environments for
different functionalities.
The factory automation application requires a common interface for the sensors and other
devices to collect process data from shop floor, a standard network protocol to communicate and
exchange information for the system control and diagnosis and open system architecture to
facilitate the integration of these components from the variety of sources. The standardization
will help to reduce the cost of the system deployment and shorten the cycle of development. The
existing and emerging standards for BROADBAND NETWORK used for factory automation
will be discussed in the following sections including IEEE 1451 for smart transducer, IEEE
802.15.4/ZigBee for communication and some common frameworks of the system integration
for the factory diagnosis and prognosis systems
Architecture for BROADBAND NETWORK-based CBM
As factory automation is moving towards more advanced, sophisticated and expensive
machinery and devices, it calls for standard information exchange standard and architecture for
the diagnostics and maintenance.
Intelligent condition-based maintenance (CBM), a maintenance philosophy for machinery and
equipment, is a form of proactive maintenance that make use of sensors, sensor networks and
computational intelligence techniques to efficiently forecasts incipient failures and predicts the
remaining useful life (RUL) of the equipment, based on real-time assessment of equipment
condition, to perform maintenance only when there is objective evidence of need, so as to ensure
near-zero downtime, minimize the total cost of maintenance.
Open System Architecture (OSA) for CBM has been developed and promoted by the team
participants from the university, standard consortium, industry and military organization to
demonstrate of system architecture that facilitates interoperability of CBM software modules. As
the results, the seven functional layers are defined within the OSA-CBM development process:
Data Acquisition, Data Manipulation, Condition Monitor, Health Assessment, Prognostics and a
Human Interface or Presentation layer. Each layer has the capability of requesting data from any
functional layer as needed and data flow will occur between adjacent functional layers.

10. CONCLUSION
Manufacturing is a very dynamic environment, and handling change and disturbances are high
on its list of research challenges. To cope with these challenges, future manufacturing execution
system designs must apply the most fundamental and recent insights in self-organizing systems.
To build the control and monitoring applications of factory automation over the BROADBAND
NETWORK needs the solid theory background in terms of control, information processing and
communications. To make them market success, the standardization plays key roles for cost
reduce and interoperability.
The subject of presented research is the development of models of integrated processes in the
industrial company with a focus on controlling the processes of production. The development
process requires analysis and research of different approaches in the field of the industrial system
characteristics and process identification. The integral Information system that includes both
business and part of production management is designed in modern programming environment.
The hardware device has been made to connect the existing, outdated management systems NC
lathes, through the industrial network with a database of NC programs that allows the transfer of
NC programs on the machine and return adjusted G-codes. Communication feedback from
automated technological systems to control module via the operator panel and the network has
been established.
The main contribution of the presented research is the integration of the highest with the lowest
level of management, in the real industrial enterprises. Displaying solutions provides the
necessary information for making quality decisions in the processes of planning, scheduling and
control.
Looking forward to the convergence of control, information and communication theory, there are
many challenges ahead for researchers. Deploying the industrial standard to the factory
automation, there need more efforts to be carried out by industrial practitioners.

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12. A
Term Paper
On
INTEGRATION OF PLANT FLOOR INFORMATION FOR SCHEDULING
AND CONTROL
Subject – Computer Aided Manufacturing
Bachelor of Technology
In
Mechanical Engineering
Session – 2014-2015
Submitted To – Submitted By -
MUDITA BARKHA PAL
ME – 72
Roll No – 1112240055
Shri Ramswaroop Memorial College of Engineering and Management,
Affiliated to
Gautam Buddh Technical Lucknow University,