The document discusses drug design techniques which involve using computer modeling and knowledge of biological targets to design new drug molecules. It describes ligand-based and structure-based drug design approaches, and outlines various computational tools and databases that can be used throughout the drug design process, from target identification and binding analysis to lead optimization and evaluation of drug properties.

2.  Drug design is the inventive process of finding
new medications based on the knowledge of a
biological target.
 It involves the design of molecules that are
complementary in shape and charge to the
biomolecular target with which they interact
and therefore will bind to it.
 Drug design frequently but not necessarily
relies on computer modeling techniques.
 This type of modeling is sometimes referred
to as computer-aided drug design.

3.  CADD represents computational
methods and resources that are used to
facilitate the design and discovery of
new therapeutic solutions.

4.  Drug design with the help of computers may be used at any of the following
stages of drug discovery:
 hit identification using virtual screening (structure- or ligand-based design)
 hit-to-lead optimization of affinity and selectivity (structure-based
design, QSAR, etc.)
 lead optimization: optimization of other pharmaceutical properties while
maintaining affinity.

5.  To change from:
 Random screening against disease assays
 Natural products, synthetic chemicals
 To:
 Rational drug design and testing
 Speed-up screening process
 Efficient screening (focused, target directed)
 De novo design (target directed)
 Integration of testing into design process
 Fail drugs fast (remove hopeless ones as early as
possible)

7. 1) Ligand based drug design 2)Structure based drug design

8.  Ligand Based Drug Design (or)
Indirect Drug Design relies on
knowledge of other molecules that
bind to the biological target of interest.
 used to derive a pharmacophore model
that defines the minimum necessary
structural characteristics of a molecule
must possess in order to bind to the
target.

9.  a model of the biological target may be built based on the knowledge of what
binds to it, and this model in turn may be used to design new molecular
entities that interact with the target.
 Alternatively, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), in which
a correlation between calculated properties of molecules and their
experimentally determined biological activity, may be derived. These QSAR
relationships in turn may be used to predict the activity of new analogs.

10. NMR spectroscopy
X-ray crystallography

11.  If an experimental structure of a target is not available, it
may be possible to create a homology model of the target
based on the experimental structure of a related protein.
 Using the structure of the biological target, candidate
drugs that are predicted to bind with high affinity and
selectivity to the target may be designed using:
 interactive graphics
 Intelligence of a medicinal chemist.
 various automated computational procedures may be
used to suggest new drug candidates.

21.  Time
 Cost
 Accuracy
 information about the disease
 screening is reduced
 Database screening
 less manpower is required

23. 1
2
3
4
5
6
Databases & Draw Tools
Molecular Modeling & HomologyModeling
Binding site prediction &Docking
Ligand design Screening -QSAR
Binding free energy estimation
ADME Toxicity

24.  ZincDatabase, Zinc15Database
 ChEMBL
 JChemforExcel
 ProteinDataBank(PDB)
 BindingMOAD(MotherOfAllDatabase)
 PDBbind
 STITCH,SMPDB

25.  ChemDraw
 MarvinSketch
 ACD/ChemSketch
 Marvin molecule editor and viewer
 ChemWriter
 UCSFChimera
 Pymol

26.  CHARMM
 GROMACS
 Amber
 SwissParam
 CHARMM-GUI
 CHARMMing.org
 SwissSideChain

27.  Modeller
 I-TASSER
 LOMETS
 SWISS-MODEL
 SWISS-MODELRepository
 Robetta

28.  MED-SuMo
 CAVER
 FINDSITE
 sc-PDB
 Pocketome
 PocketAnnotatedatabase
 3DLigandSite,
 metaPocket
 PocketAnnotate

29.  Autodock
 DOCK
 GOLD
 SwissDock
 DockingServer
 1-ClickDocking
 iGemdock

30.  Pharmer
 Catalyst
 PharmaGist
 SwissSimilarity
 Blaster
 AnchorQuery
 ligandscout
 Discovery Studio

31.  MolScore-Antivirals
 MolScore-Antibiotics
 Swiss Target Prediction
 SEA
 ChemProt

32.  GANDI
 LUDI
 AutoT&T2
 SwissBioisostere
 VAMMPIRE
 sc-PDB-Frag
 e-LEA3D
 eDesign
 iScreen

33.  Hyde, X-score
 NNScore
 DSXONLINE
 BAPPLserver
 BAPPL-Zserver,

34.  cQSAR
 clogP
 ClogP/CMR
 MOLEdb
 ChemDB/Datasets
 OCHEM
 E-Dragon
 PatternMatchCounter
 avogadro

35.  VolSurf
 GastroPlus
 MedChemStudio
 ALOGPS
 OSIRISPropertyExplorer
 SwissADME
 Metrabase
 PACT-F, TOXNET