The document provides an agenda for an Ethernet OAM tutorial. The agenda includes reviewing Metro Ethernet technologies and Ethernet OAM, Ethernet OAM deployment overview, 802.1ag connectivity fault management, 802.3ah Ethernet in the first mile connectivity verification, MEF-16 E-LMI for rapid service deployment, and Ethernet OAM interworking. The tutorial will cover key concepts in managing Ethernet services and networks using Ethernet OAM standards and protocols.
Carrier Ethernet provides standardized, carrier-class Ethernet services on a global scale. It builds upon Metro Ethernet by expanding the services to cover worldwide networks traversing multiple countries and access networks. Carrier Ethernet is defined by five key attributes that distinguish it from traditional LAN-based Ethernet: it provides standardized services across multiple networks; can scale to support millions of nodes and high bandwidths; offers reliable service with fast protection from link failures; ensures quality of service through service level agreements; and manages services through centralized operations support systems.
An Optical Transport Network (OTN) uses optical fiber links to connect network elements and provide transport, multiplexing, routing, management and protection of client signals. OTN applies these functions from SDH/SONET to DWDM networks, and offers stronger error correction, more monitoring levels and transparent transport of client signals compared to SDH/SONET. This document describes OTN architecture, interfaces and standards, the optical transport hierarchy of multiplexing ODUk, OPUk and OTUk signals, and the containment and frame rates of these signals.
This document provides an introduction to GPON OMCI V2 voice configuration for SIP and H.248 services. It describes the necessary OMCI management entities (MEs) and configuration steps for the OLT and ONT, including configuring IP hosts, VLANs, QoS profiles, SIP profiles, POTS ports and XML provisioning files. The key steps are 1) configuring the OLT and ONT interfaces, 2) creating service profiles for SIP, H.248 and POTS, and 3) associating these profiles in the proper order for basic call functionality.
Calling VoWiFi... The Next Mobile Operator Service is here... Cisco Canada
The document provides housekeeping notes for a Cisco Connect Toronto 2015 session. It reminds attendees to silence phones and laptops, ask questions during the session, and complete a survey for a chance to win a headset. It also provides information on Cisco dCloud and accessing demos and labs, and discusses VoWiFi including benefits for mobile operators, architectures, and call flows.
The document provides an overview and agenda for a technical deep dive into Cisco SD-WAN. It discusses extending Cisco SD-WAN to Cisco routers, using Cloud onRamp to improve access to SaaS and IaaS applications, and providing layered security between sites and to the cloud. It also covers operations and troubleshooting capabilities in Cisco SD-WAN such as infrastructure monitoring, application visibility, performance statistics, and troubleshooting tools.
The document is a tutorial on L2VPN (Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks) that provides an agenda covering introductions, concepts, transports, services, pseudowire stitching, QoS, and demonstrations. It defines L2VPN as providing an end-to-end layer 2 connection across a service provider's MPLS or IP core, allowing legacy services like Frame Relay and ATM to be migrated to an MPLS/IP infrastructure. It also describes the need for L2VPN, models like VPLS and VPWS, basic building blocks of pseudowires, and control plane requirements.
Build the SD-WAN business case for your whole company and identify the hidden benefits for everyone involved. Persona content and technical diagrams presented.
The document discusses the Alcatel-Lucent 5529 Statistics and Data Collector. It provides an introduction to the SDC, describing its role in collecting statistics from network elements and converting the data to CSV files. It discusses the SDC's deployment modes as a single server or clustered solution. It also covers the SDC's collection configuration, including the collection protocols used for different network element types and how configuration files are used to specify the data to collect.
Carrier Ethernet provides standardized, carrier-class Ethernet services on a global scale. It builds upon Metro Ethernet by expanding the services to cover worldwide networks traversing multiple countries and access networks. Carrier Ethernet is defined by five key attributes that distinguish it from traditional LAN-based Ethernet: it provides standardized services across multiple networks; can scale to support millions of nodes and high bandwidths; offers reliable service with fast protection from link failures; ensures quality of service through service level agreements; and manages services through centralized operations support systems.
An Optical Transport Network (OTN) uses optical fiber links to connect network elements and provide transport, multiplexing, routing, management and protection of client signals. OTN applies these functions from SDH/SONET to DWDM networks, and offers stronger error correction, more monitoring levels and transparent transport of client signals compared to SDH/SONET. This document describes OTN architecture, interfaces and standards, the optical transport hierarchy of multiplexing ODUk, OPUk and OTUk signals, and the containment and frame rates of these signals.
This document provides an introduction to GPON OMCI V2 voice configuration for SIP and H.248 services. It describes the necessary OMCI management entities (MEs) and configuration steps for the OLT and ONT, including configuring IP hosts, VLANs, QoS profiles, SIP profiles, POTS ports and XML provisioning files. The key steps are 1) configuring the OLT and ONT interfaces, 2) creating service profiles for SIP, H.248 and POTS, and 3) associating these profiles in the proper order for basic call functionality.
Calling VoWiFi... The Next Mobile Operator Service is here... Cisco Canada
The document provides housekeeping notes for a Cisco Connect Toronto 2015 session. It reminds attendees to silence phones and laptops, ask questions during the session, and complete a survey for a chance to win a headset. It also provides information on Cisco dCloud and accessing demos and labs, and discusses VoWiFi including benefits for mobile operators, architectures, and call flows.
The document provides an overview and agenda for a technical deep dive into Cisco SD-WAN. It discusses extending Cisco SD-WAN to Cisco routers, using Cloud onRamp to improve access to SaaS and IaaS applications, and providing layered security between sites and to the cloud. It also covers operations and troubleshooting capabilities in Cisco SD-WAN such as infrastructure monitoring, application visibility, performance statistics, and troubleshooting tools.
The document is a tutorial on L2VPN (Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks) that provides an agenda covering introductions, concepts, transports, services, pseudowire stitching, QoS, and demonstrations. It defines L2VPN as providing an end-to-end layer 2 connection across a service provider's MPLS or IP core, allowing legacy services like Frame Relay and ATM to be migrated to an MPLS/IP infrastructure. It also describes the need for L2VPN, models like VPLS and VPWS, basic building blocks of pseudowires, and control plane requirements.
Build the SD-WAN business case for your whole company and identify the hidden benefits for everyone involved. Persona content and technical diagrams presented.
The document discusses the Alcatel-Lucent 5529 Statistics and Data Collector. It provides an introduction to the SDC, describing its role in collecting statistics from network elements and converting the data to CSV files. It discusses the SDC's deployment modes as a single server or clustered solution. It also covers the SDC's collection configuration, including the collection protocols used for different network element types and how configuration files are used to specify the data to collect.
This document provides an overview of optical DWDM fundamentals, including:
- Key terminology used in optical networks such as decibels, wavelength, frequency, and fiber impairments.
- Characteristics of optical fiber including different fiber types, fiber dimensions, and how light propagates through total internal reflection.
- Factors that reduce optical power over distance, specifically attenuation from absorption and scattering in the fiber material.
CISCO Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Technical Deployment OverviewAmeen Wayok
This document discusses Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) and provides an overview of VPLS technical concepts. VPLS defines an architecture that delivers Ethernet multipoint services over an MPLS network by emulating an Ethernet bridge. Key components of VPLS include provider edge devices, pseudowires to connect customer sites, and virtual switch instances to segment customer traffic. VPLS supports both direct attachment and hierarchical architectures. Loop prevention is achieved through a full mesh of pseudowires between provider edges and split horizon forwarding in the MPLS core.
Mobile Transport Evolution with Unified MPLSCisco Canada
Mobile Service Providers are seeing unprecedented challenges in relation to their Transport architectures with the 3GPP evolution towards IP based Node Bs, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and LTE-Advanced. This presentation will initially discuss the network migration trends and factors that are changing how mobile networks are evolving. A description is provided on Unified MPLS and the current issues that need to be fixed and how this architecture addresses this. A more detailed analysis will then examine the options available for transporting GSM/2G, UMTS/3G traffic and IP/Ethernet Node B deployments and some of factors that need consideration like scalability, resiliency and security. Finally, there is a detailed description of the LTE/LTE - A evolution and the feature requirements made on the transport network. There will be detailed analysis of different LTE models and also some technical enhancements and proposals considered for the implementation of LTE in a Unified MPLS environment.
This document summarizes information about wireless sensor networks, including 6LoWPAN and LPWAN technologies. 6LoWPAN allows sensors to connect to the internet using IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks. It supports mesh networking and standard routing protocols. LPWAN technologies like Sigfox and LoRaWAN enable long range connectivity for sensors using low-power transmissions over licensed frequency bands. They have limitations in throughput but allow direct communication between sensors and cloud servers over public networks without the need for gateways. The presenter works for CETIC, a research center that investigates solutions for wireless sensor networks and participates in defining 6LoWPAN standards.
This document describes the OptiX RTN 900 microwave transmission system from Huawei. It discusses the network position and applications of the RTN 900, which can provide integrated TDM, hybrid, and packet microwave solutions. The document then covers the system architecture, including functional units, and the hardware structure. It describes the different boards that make up the RTN 900 system, including the control, interface, and auxiliary boards.
The document outlines various WiFi call flows, including open SSID with forwarding to a captive portal, secure SSID using 802.1x authentication, and PPPoE. The open SSID flow involves probe requests, DHCP requests, and redirection to a captive portal login page. The secure SSID flow uses 802.1x authentication with EAP requests and challenges. The PPPoE flow uses PPP authentication and configuration with RADIUS messages for access requests, replies and accounting.
This document provides instructions for configuring a DMVPN network using Cisco routers. It includes steps for IP address assignment, configuring the underlay OSPF routing protocol, creating GRE tunnels as the overlay network, and configuring NHRP on the tunnels. Key aspects covered are creating loopback interfaces to represent LAN segments, using EIGRP for routing over the overlay, and that BGP or EIGRP work best as the routing protocol over DMVPN.
SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is a standard technology for synchronous data transmission that provides faster and less expensive network interconnection than traditional PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) equipment. PDH uses asynchronous multiplexing which means low rate signals cannot be directly added or dropped from high rate signals, requiring multi-stage addition and dropping. PDH also lacked universal standards for electrical and optical interfaces and had limited overhead bytes for network management functions. SDH was developed to address these disadvantages of PDH through synchronous multiplexing and a standardized frame structure and network management system.
Software Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) merupakan bagian dari teknologi Software Define Networking (SDN) yang penerapannya dilakukan pada Wide Area Network dan berfungsi untuk menghubungkan HQ (kantor pusat) atau Data Center dengan kantor cabang suatu perusahaan atau instansi.
SD-WAN menyederhanakan manajemen dan pengoperasian WAN dengan memisahkan antara hardware network dengan controller-nya.
This document provides an overview of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) fundamentals and applications. It discusses optical fiber basics including single mode fiber structure and properties, fiber attenuation, dispersion effects, and nonlinear effects. It also covers DWDM network building blocks such as optical multiplexers and demultiplexers, optical amplifiers, and light sources. The document compares DWDM to traditional transmission technologies and CWDM, and describes the ITU wavelength grid and channel allocation.
The document discusses the evolution of next generation IP transport networks using a Unified MPLS approach. Key points include:
- Unified MPLS aims to simplify MPLS operations in large, complex networks through common MPLS technology across domains and hierarchical BGP routing.
- It reduces the number of operational points needed for services by minimizing static configuration and integrating previously separate MPLS islands.
- The network is divided into IGP/LDP domains with inter-domain communication handled through labeled BGP routes. This reduces route tables and the number of label switched paths required in the access domains.
The document describes optical transport network (OTN) technology. It discusses OTN architecture, which consists of an optical layer and electrical layer. The document outlines the OTN hierarchy including optical transport unit (OTU), optical channel data unit (ODU), and optical channel payload unit (OPU). It also describes OTN multiplexing and mapping methods, as well as the overhead bytes included in OTN frames for functions like operations, administration, management and provisioning.
This document provides an overview of Alcatel-Lucent's 7360 ISAM FX fiber access platform, including its shelf types, board types, and line cards. The 7360 ISAM FX offers various shelf configurations (FX-16, FX-8, FX-4) that can accommodate different mixtures of fiber line cards. It supports both GPON and EPON fiber technologies as well as point-to-point Ethernet services. The document describes the control and line cards available, including high-capacity GPON and 10G PON options. It positions the 7360 ISAM FX as a flexible fiber access platform for residential, business, and mobile backhaul services.
This document discusses trends, challenges, and solutions for mobile backhaul networks. It outlines the rapid bandwidth growth requirements for LTE, higher service demands including enterprise services and security, and increased O&M challenges. Huawei's LTEhaul 2.0 solution is presented as addressing these issues through features like proactive O&M, SDN virtualization, seamless multicast, and carrier-grade security. Specific technologies like eMBMS, small cell backhaul, Ethernet demarcation services, and IPSec solutions are also summarized.
Synchronization for 5G: the requirements and the solutionsADVA
Gil Biran's Small Cell World Summit presentation outlined the key synchronization requirements and solutions for mobile networks in the era of 5G. Check out the slide deck to discover how longest holdover and highest precision can be achieved with the industry's most comprehensive timing technology portfolio.
This document provides an overview of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology. It discusses key topics such as optical transmission, DWDM components like multiplexers/demultiplexers and amplifiers, DWDM networks and topologies, and transmission quality parameters. The presentation contains 32 slides and is intended to briefly explain DWDM as a means of achieving effective fiber-optic transmission and increasing bandwidth.
Ethernet was first created by Robert Metcalfe and standardized by IEEE as 802.3. Fast Ethernet (802.3u) transmitted data 10 times faster than standard Ethernet at 100 Mbps while still being backward compatible. Gigabit Ethernet (802.3z) further increased speed to 1000 Mbps and supported full duplex between computers and switches or half duplex between computers and hubs using CSMA/CD. Switched Ethernet uses switches containing plug-in cards to reduce collisions by separating collision domains and allowing parallel transmission between cards.
3 12 2008 Myths & Realities Of Democratic Trustee Governance Of Public Commun...michelletscott
This study examines the public engagement practices of the public community college boards of trustees. The trustees’ perceptions of public engagement were pursued through inquiry within five categories: (a) role and responsibilities, (b) definition of public engagement, (c) public engagement practices, (d) barriers to public engagement, and (e) how to make public engagement more effective. The results of study emerged within five major thematic areas, which have implications for theory and practice—(a) trustee roles, (b) trustee relationships with the public, (c) administrative and organizational structures, (d) leadership, and (e) policy which have implications for theory and practice. Finally, the three key conclusions of this study are (a) trustees do not identify deliberative public engagement as a role priority or a default priority; (b) the role of trustees must be reframed and redefined to include democratic public engagement practices; and (c) the public's role in democratic governance must be reclaimed.
This document provides an overview of optical DWDM fundamentals, including:
- Key terminology used in optical networks such as decibels, wavelength, frequency, and fiber impairments.
- Characteristics of optical fiber including different fiber types, fiber dimensions, and how light propagates through total internal reflection.
- Factors that reduce optical power over distance, specifically attenuation from absorption and scattering in the fiber material.
CISCO Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Technical Deployment OverviewAmeen Wayok
This document discusses Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) and provides an overview of VPLS technical concepts. VPLS defines an architecture that delivers Ethernet multipoint services over an MPLS network by emulating an Ethernet bridge. Key components of VPLS include provider edge devices, pseudowires to connect customer sites, and virtual switch instances to segment customer traffic. VPLS supports both direct attachment and hierarchical architectures. Loop prevention is achieved through a full mesh of pseudowires between provider edges and split horizon forwarding in the MPLS core.
Mobile Transport Evolution with Unified MPLSCisco Canada
Mobile Service Providers are seeing unprecedented challenges in relation to their Transport architectures with the 3GPP evolution towards IP based Node Bs, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and LTE-Advanced. This presentation will initially discuss the network migration trends and factors that are changing how mobile networks are evolving. A description is provided on Unified MPLS and the current issues that need to be fixed and how this architecture addresses this. A more detailed analysis will then examine the options available for transporting GSM/2G, UMTS/3G traffic and IP/Ethernet Node B deployments and some of factors that need consideration like scalability, resiliency and security. Finally, there is a detailed description of the LTE/LTE - A evolution and the feature requirements made on the transport network. There will be detailed analysis of different LTE models and also some technical enhancements and proposals considered for the implementation of LTE in a Unified MPLS environment.
This document summarizes information about wireless sensor networks, including 6LoWPAN and LPWAN technologies. 6LoWPAN allows sensors to connect to the internet using IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks. It supports mesh networking and standard routing protocols. LPWAN technologies like Sigfox and LoRaWAN enable long range connectivity for sensors using low-power transmissions over licensed frequency bands. They have limitations in throughput but allow direct communication between sensors and cloud servers over public networks without the need for gateways. The presenter works for CETIC, a research center that investigates solutions for wireless sensor networks and participates in defining 6LoWPAN standards.
This document describes the OptiX RTN 900 microwave transmission system from Huawei. It discusses the network position and applications of the RTN 900, which can provide integrated TDM, hybrid, and packet microwave solutions. The document then covers the system architecture, including functional units, and the hardware structure. It describes the different boards that make up the RTN 900 system, including the control, interface, and auxiliary boards.
The document outlines various WiFi call flows, including open SSID with forwarding to a captive portal, secure SSID using 802.1x authentication, and PPPoE. The open SSID flow involves probe requests, DHCP requests, and redirection to a captive portal login page. The secure SSID flow uses 802.1x authentication with EAP requests and challenges. The PPPoE flow uses PPP authentication and configuration with RADIUS messages for access requests, replies and accounting.
This document provides instructions for configuring a DMVPN network using Cisco routers. It includes steps for IP address assignment, configuring the underlay OSPF routing protocol, creating GRE tunnels as the overlay network, and configuring NHRP on the tunnels. Key aspects covered are creating loopback interfaces to represent LAN segments, using EIGRP for routing over the overlay, and that BGP or EIGRP work best as the routing protocol over DMVPN.
SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is a standard technology for synchronous data transmission that provides faster and less expensive network interconnection than traditional PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) equipment. PDH uses asynchronous multiplexing which means low rate signals cannot be directly added or dropped from high rate signals, requiring multi-stage addition and dropping. PDH also lacked universal standards for electrical and optical interfaces and had limited overhead bytes for network management functions. SDH was developed to address these disadvantages of PDH through synchronous multiplexing and a standardized frame structure and network management system.
Software Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) merupakan bagian dari teknologi Software Define Networking (SDN) yang penerapannya dilakukan pada Wide Area Network dan berfungsi untuk menghubungkan HQ (kantor pusat) atau Data Center dengan kantor cabang suatu perusahaan atau instansi.
SD-WAN menyederhanakan manajemen dan pengoperasian WAN dengan memisahkan antara hardware network dengan controller-nya.
This document provides an overview of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) fundamentals and applications. It discusses optical fiber basics including single mode fiber structure and properties, fiber attenuation, dispersion effects, and nonlinear effects. It also covers DWDM network building blocks such as optical multiplexers and demultiplexers, optical amplifiers, and light sources. The document compares DWDM to traditional transmission technologies and CWDM, and describes the ITU wavelength grid and channel allocation.
The document discusses the evolution of next generation IP transport networks using a Unified MPLS approach. Key points include:
- Unified MPLS aims to simplify MPLS operations in large, complex networks through common MPLS technology across domains and hierarchical BGP routing.
- It reduces the number of operational points needed for services by minimizing static configuration and integrating previously separate MPLS islands.
- The network is divided into IGP/LDP domains with inter-domain communication handled through labeled BGP routes. This reduces route tables and the number of label switched paths required in the access domains.
The document describes optical transport network (OTN) technology. It discusses OTN architecture, which consists of an optical layer and electrical layer. The document outlines the OTN hierarchy including optical transport unit (OTU), optical channel data unit (ODU), and optical channel payload unit (OPU). It also describes OTN multiplexing and mapping methods, as well as the overhead bytes included in OTN frames for functions like operations, administration, management and provisioning.
This document provides an overview of Alcatel-Lucent's 7360 ISAM FX fiber access platform, including its shelf types, board types, and line cards. The 7360 ISAM FX offers various shelf configurations (FX-16, FX-8, FX-4) that can accommodate different mixtures of fiber line cards. It supports both GPON and EPON fiber technologies as well as point-to-point Ethernet services. The document describes the control and line cards available, including high-capacity GPON and 10G PON options. It positions the 7360 ISAM FX as a flexible fiber access platform for residential, business, and mobile backhaul services.
This document discusses trends, challenges, and solutions for mobile backhaul networks. It outlines the rapid bandwidth growth requirements for LTE, higher service demands including enterprise services and security, and increased O&M challenges. Huawei's LTEhaul 2.0 solution is presented as addressing these issues through features like proactive O&M, SDN virtualization, seamless multicast, and carrier-grade security. Specific technologies like eMBMS, small cell backhaul, Ethernet demarcation services, and IPSec solutions are also summarized.
Synchronization for 5G: the requirements and the solutionsADVA
Gil Biran's Small Cell World Summit presentation outlined the key synchronization requirements and solutions for mobile networks in the era of 5G. Check out the slide deck to discover how longest holdover and highest precision can be achieved with the industry's most comprehensive timing technology portfolio.
This document provides an overview of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology. It discusses key topics such as optical transmission, DWDM components like multiplexers/demultiplexers and amplifiers, DWDM networks and topologies, and transmission quality parameters. The presentation contains 32 slides and is intended to briefly explain DWDM as a means of achieving effective fiber-optic transmission and increasing bandwidth.
Ethernet was first created by Robert Metcalfe and standardized by IEEE as 802.3. Fast Ethernet (802.3u) transmitted data 10 times faster than standard Ethernet at 100 Mbps while still being backward compatible. Gigabit Ethernet (802.3z) further increased speed to 1000 Mbps and supported full duplex between computers and switches or half duplex between computers and hubs using CSMA/CD. Switched Ethernet uses switches containing plug-in cards to reduce collisions by separating collision domains and allowing parallel transmission between cards.
3 12 2008 Myths & Realities Of Democratic Trustee Governance Of Public Commun...michelletscott
This study examines the public engagement practices of the public community college boards of trustees. The trustees’ perceptions of public engagement were pursued through inquiry within five categories: (a) role and responsibilities, (b) definition of public engagement, (c) public engagement practices, (d) barriers to public engagement, and (e) how to make public engagement more effective. The results of study emerged within five major thematic areas, which have implications for theory and practice—(a) trustee roles, (b) trustee relationships with the public, (c) administrative and organizational structures, (d) leadership, and (e) policy which have implications for theory and practice. Finally, the three key conclusions of this study are (a) trustees do not identify deliberative public engagement as a role priority or a default priority; (b) the role of trustees must be reframed and redefined to include democratic public engagement practices; and (c) the public's role in democratic governance must be reclaimed.
Students will conduct a community-based research project to enhance their writing skills. They will research a topic about their local community and write reflections on what they learned. All student work will be compiled and shared within the classroom and community. As a model, the teacher has chosen their own community writing project researching the history of a local Victorian home that nearly burned down, including sources from the late 1800s and early 1900s. Students have become excited about investigating their community topics.
The document describes four primary purposes of writing:
1) Narration is used to tell a story through describing a sequence of events.
2) Description provides details about a person, place, or event to help readers visualize the topic.
3) Exposition gives information by explaining or providing directions.
4) Persuasion aims to influence readers by stating an opinion and convincing them of a viewpoint.
Ethernet is a widely used local area network (LAN) technology. It uses bus, star, ring, or tree topologies to transmit data via coaxial cable or twisted pair wires. Devices connect to the cable and compete for access using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD). IEEE standards define Ethernet specifications, including standards for Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10-Gigabit Ethernet transmission speeds. Wireless LANs also use Ethernet standards to transmit data over radio frequencies instead of cables.
Ethernet uses CSMA/CD access method where nodes can sense carrier and detect collisions. It was first defined in 1978 and formed basis for IEEE 802.3 standard. It uses exponential backoff to retry transmission after collisions and is limited to 2500m to ensure collisions can be detected. Ethernet addresses are unique to each adapter and frames contain fields for source, destination, data and error checking.
The document provides an overview of automotive embedded systems and network technologies. It discusses electronic control units (ECUs) and their functions. Two main automotive bus protocols are described: Local Interconnect Network (LIN) and Controller Area Network (CAN). LIN uses a single wire connection and supports speeds up to 20kbps, while CAN uses a two-wire connection and supports speeds up to 1Mbps. The document outlines the frame structures, message types, and error handling approaches for both LIN and CAN networks.
The document provides an overview of automotive network protocols, including CAN, LIN, MOST, FlexRay, and future Automotive Ethernet. CAN is commonly used up to 1Mbps and supports event-based communication. LIN is a low-cost protocol for non-critical applications like doors and steering wheels. MOST uses optical media for high-speed multimedia applications. FlexRay was developed for safety applications using dual channels and both time-triggered and event-triggered windows. Future networks may replace some existing protocols like MOST and CAN with the high-speed client-server based Automotive Ethernet.
CAN (Controller Area Network) is a standard bus system for connecting electronic control units within vehicles. It allows microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other in applications without a host computer. CAN achieves data transfer rates of up to 1Mbps over distances of 40 meters and supports up to 2032 nodes. It uses a multi-master broadcast type of network with error detection capabilities and prioritizes messages based on identifiers. CAN was introduced in 1986 and standardized in 1993 for automotive applications due to its robustness, reliability and low cost.
This document provides an overview of advances in Ethernet technology. It discusses the evolution of Ethernet beyond its original use as a LAN technology. It describes different standards body views of Ethernet and key Ethernet concepts like frames, addressing, clients, and link layer control protocols. The document also outlines modern Ethernet features like VLANs, Ethernet services, QoS, link aggregation, and OAM functions.
This document provides an overview of Ethernet in a presentation for a computer networks class. It begins with an introduction to Ethernet and network topologies. The technology section discusses Ethernet standards, frame formats, and cable types. Devices covered include switches, routers, and the differences between them. Applications like firewalls and IP spoofing are also mentioned. The summary reiterates the key topics discussed, including the introduction of Ethernet, technologies and devices, and applications. It also outlines the future of Ethernet, such as vehicular uses and standardizing software-defined networking.
The document is a presentation by BroadConnect Telecom that introduces VoIP technology and BroadConnect's VoIP-enabled products and services. It defines VoIP as the delivery of voice communications over IP networks using standards-based protocols. It then describes BroadConnect's SIP server, IP phones, gateways, audio/video conferencing units, and IP cameras. The presentation explains how VoIP works by using codecs like G.711 to transfer voice data over the IP network. It outlines VoIP's advantages of low cost and security, as well as its need for constant power and internet connectivity. BroadConnect provides hosted PBX, SIP trunking, phone lines, communication services, internet services, and hosting solutions to help businesses simplify communications
Internet protocol (VoIP) is the technology of digitizing sound, compressing it, breaking it up into data packets, and sending it over an IP network.The conventional technique used for sending voice is PSTN (public switched telephone network) . As data traffic has higher speed than telephone traffic, so what we do most of the time we prefer to send voice over data networks. Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) is a method of telephone communication over a data network.
Traditional metro Ethernet networks used Ethernet switching and bridging with VLAN IDs to identify services. VLAN stacking allowed customer VLAN tags to be preserved across the network. Forwarding was based on dynamic MAC learning, which posed scaling challenges. Resiliency relied on Spanning Tree Protocol to avoid loops, but this made high availability difficult and provided limited traffic engineering capabilities.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) allows users to make voice calls using an internet connection rather than a regular phone line. It works by encoding voice input and transmitting it as data packets over the internet. VoIP provides several benefits including lower costs, portability through mobile apps, and additional features like video calling. However, it also has some disadvantages like potential quality issues when making international calls and reliance on an internet connection to place calls.
Overview of VoIP (Voice over IP) and FoIP (Fax over IP) technologies like Session Initiation Protocol and H.323.
Even though voice over IP (VoIP) was hailed as a technological innovation, the idea to transport real-time traffic over TCP/IP networks was not new back in the 1990s when VoIP started being deployed in networks. Chapter 2.5 of the venerable RFC793 (TCP) shows both data oriented application traffic as well as voice being transported over IP based networks.
Nevertheless, VoIP puts high demands on signal and protocol processing capabilities so it became possible at reasonable costs only in the 1990s.
VoIP can be roughly split into two main functions. Signaling protocols like SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), H.323 and MGCP/H.248 are used to establish a conference session and the data path for transporting real-time voice data packets. SIP has largely supplanted H.323 in recent years to its simpler structure and packet sequences. MGCP and H.248 are mostly used in carrier backbone networks.
Protocols like RTP (Real Time Protocol) transport voice packets and provide the necessary information for receivers to equalize packet flow variations to provide a smooth playback of the original voice signal.
Voice codecs are one of the core functions of the data path. Voice compression reduces the bandwidth required to transport voice over an IP based network. Compression may be less of a concern in local area networks with gigabit speeds, on slower links like 3G (UMTS, LTE) it still makes a lot of sense.
The algorithms used in different codecs make use of various characteristics of the characteristics of human speech recognition. Redundant information is removed from the signals thus slightly reducing the quality, but greatly reducing the required bandwidth.
In VoIP networks, the echo problem is typically compounded by the increased delay incurred by packetization of voice signals. To counteract the echo problem, VoIP gear (hard phones, soft phones, gateways) include echo cancelers to remove echo signals from the transmit signal.
To transport facsimile over an IP based network, even more technology is needed. Facsimile protocols are very susceptible to delay and delay variation and thus need more compensation algorithms. Protocols like T.38 terminate facsimile protocols like T.30 (analog facsimile) and transport the fax images as digitized pictures over IP based networks.
Top 10 telecommunications interview questions with answersthompsonhollie02
In this file, you can ref interview materials for telecommunications such as, telecommunications situational interview, telecommunications behavioral interview, telecommunications phone interview, telecommunications interview thank you letter, telecommunications interview tips …
VoIP allows users to make phone calls using an Internet connection instead of a traditional phone line. It works by converting voice signals to digital data that is transmitted in packets over the Internet. A VoIP network uses protocols like SIP and RTP to setup calls and transmit voice data. Components include VoIP protocols, gateways to interface with the PSTN, and codecs to compress voice signals. Businesses are attracted to VoIP as it can help reduce costs while improving utilization of bandwidth and network management. However, security risks like hacking and eavesdropping exist since VoIP uses the public Internet.
Production/operations management (POM) involves planning, organizing, and controlling the production process. As part of management, the key functions of POM are to optimize resource utilization, make decisions about production, and ensure goals are aligned with the overall organization's strategy. The POM manager seeks to effectively plan, organize, control, and model human behavior during the conversion of raw materials into finished goods.
Ericsson technical interview questionssethshivam75
This document contains technical interview questions asked by Ericsson including:
1) Questions about how mobile phones work, handoffs in GSM networks, differences between TCP/IP and SSL, DNS lookups, TCP layers, converting decimal to binary, prime numbers, multiplexing, and modulation techniques.
2) A tip that ECE students interviewing at Ericsson should have programming skills.
3) Additional questions about waveguide propagation, Ethernet frame formats, STP/RSTP, VSWR, waveguides, the ALOHA protocol, information theory concepts, antenna properties, and GSM/CDMA comparisons.
1. TETRA is an open standard digital trunked radio system that provides advantages over analog systems like security, IP connectivity, and simultaneous voice and data.
2. TETRA networks can optimize public transportation systems by enabling applications like automatic vehicle location (AVL), voice communications, and data transmission between vehicles and control centers.
3. Case studies show how TETRA has been implemented successfully in public transportation networks like the Barcelona bus system and Port Tanjung Pelepas in Malaysia to track vehicles and enable communications.
Mobile video using H.324M, IMS, service oriented architecture technologies. Slides presented in a Light Reading seminar : http://www.lightreading.com/webinar_archive_home.asp?webinar_id=28661
1) LTE utilizes technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and MIMO to improve data rates and spectral efficiency over previous standards. It employs an all-IP architecture with eNodeB base stations that connect directly to the EPC core instead of a central controller.
2) While LTE meets many 4G requirements, its peak rates are still below the standard's definition and it retains some circuit-switched elements.
3) Future enhancements like LTE-Advanced aim to fully comply with 4G through higher data rates and further network improvements.
The document summarizes the future of optical networking. It predicts modest post-bubble growth driven by revenue, with most spending still on SONET/SDH rather than WDM. It outlines the adoption of multi-service provisioning platforms, multi-service switching platforms, and multi-service transport platforms over time. Finally, it describes how MSPPs, MSSPs, and MSTPs fit into access/collector, intra-metro/regional, and inter-office networks.
The document provides information about Integrated Business Solution (IBS), a company that offers various business services including software, training, outsourcing, consulting, and advertising. IBS aims to help businesses control their operations easily through solutions like eNetPlus. The company provides systems for industries like manufacturing, restaurants, salons, trading, and more. IBS is led by Josef Boediarto and has implemented solutions for numerous clients in cities like Mojokerto and Surabaya.
The document discusses remote monitoring and control solutions for AMI/Smart Grid applications. It describes how electric utilities are transitioning to more decentralized, consumer-interactive networks through automated systems that allow two-way energy and information flow. These "Smart Grids" will monitor all aspects of the power system in real-time. Integral communication sites are needed to connect millions of smart meters to utility back offices. The LinkUPS power system provides reliable enclosure systems with primary or backup power for communication equipment at these collector sites, allowing a single power solution regardless of AC power availability and reducing service/spare part costs.
1. This document provides updated instructions for installing the Alarmnet 7847i-L Internet Communications Module in LYNX PLUS and LYNXR-2 Series Controls.
2. The 7847i-L must be programmed with the 7720P programming tool before being mounted in the control panel case.
3. Ethernet and electrical connections are made between the 7847i-L and a router or modem, and between the module and the control panel's circuit board. Proper cable routing is important to ensure communications.
This document discusses fiber optic network deployment using Fiber To The x (FTTx) technology. It describes Planet's managed media conversion chassis and smart media converters that allow flexible FTTx solutions. The chassis provide hot-swappable slots for various converter types and remote management of status. Media converters extend network reach up to 120km and allow legacy networks to take advantage of Ethernet connectivity.
Presentation at HP Software Summit, March 15, 2007.
Within 3 years there will be 550 million 3G subscribers worldwide. What mobile services will user adopt ? The early experiences with interactive mobile video services allow to merge personal communications with content from the media industry. Future user interfaces on mobile handsets have the potential to match the successful internet community and multimedia services ? The presentation covers some 3G Video services deployed in Europe and the direction for instant communications, focused group communications and real-time sharing of music, video and messages.
SOA and SDP mobile 2.0 deployment with OpenCallClaude Florin
The document discusses using Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Service Delivery Platforms (SDP) to enable new mobile 2.0 services that bridge telecom and web approaches. It provides examples of instant communication services using IMS that allow sharing of content and rich audio/video calls between friends. It also describes a location-aware group conference application that is orchestrated through SDP and uses SOA. Finally, it discusses using CCXML and VXML to enable mobile video blogging and sharing services.
MPLS-TP is subset of MPLS. It uses the same data plane as used by MPLS (Defined in RFC 3031 and RFC 3032). MPLS-TP has four major areas:-
1. Data Plane
2. Control Plane
3. O&M
4. Survivability
MPLS-TP has no control plane, the reason for this was that the recovery. If the dynamic control plane is used, in that case the convergence would depend on the dynamic protocol and providers cannot leverage the <50 ms failover time in that case. It uses the same QoS diffserv model except uniform model as used in MPLS.
The document introduces the new PMP 450 wireless broadband solution from Cambium Networks, which combines traditional reliability of Canopy networks with state-of-the-art OFDM technology to provide ultra-broadband wireless access. The PMP 450 dramatically increases overall system capacity to 90 Mbps per access point and 540 Mbps per tower using OFDM and MIMO technologies. It also utilizes different antenna options to provide coverage across large areas for applications such as delivering voice, video, and data services to homes and businesses.
Transnet's Competitive Supplier Development Program (CSDP) aims to localize its supply chain through developing local suppliers' capabilities. The CSDP will focus first on rolling stock and port equipment suppliers. It will take a phased approach, first engaging priority suppliers and preparing staff. Key activities include a supplier benchmarking process to assess suppliers' competitiveness and develop improvement plans. The benchmarking process involves supplier self-assessments, development of improvement plans, and implementing improvements over multiple cycles. It aims to improve supplier-buyer alignment and increase local participation in supply chains. Initial focus is facilitating participation of railway and harbor suppliers through onboarding workshops and a training program to implement benchmarking.
COMSTAR-UTS is a leading Russian telecommunications company providing broadband internet, IPTV, and other services. Andrey Alekseyev discussed COMSTAR-UTS's network and IPTV infrastructure, noting its large scale in Moscow with over 200 access nodes and 4000 DSLAMs. He highlighted challenges in ensuring quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) given the old copper infrastructure and mix of managed and unmanaged devices. Alekseyev also discussed efforts to monitor service quality, including the use of industry standard and proprietary fault and performance management tools to monitor the complex IPTV and network systems.
Loop Telecommunication International provides telecommunication solutions for electric power utilities including SCADA systems. Their solutions include products like the AM3440 and V4200-9 for transmitting data and voice over T1/E1 lines between control centers and substations. They also provide the O9400 for transmitting data over OC-3/OC-12 SONET/SDH networks, the IP6800 for IP-based self-healing ring networks, and the H3308 for high-speed Ethernet and V.35 communication over multiple twisted pairs. These solutions allow utilities to monitor and control remote equipment and exchange information and alarms.
This document discusses automation of next generation networks (NGNs) to deliver multicast services. It covers planning issues for deploying multicast across inter-domain networks, including using path computation elements (PCEs) and hierarchical PCEs. Extensions to RSVP signaling are presented as a solution for point-to-multipoint transport across domains. The use of PCEs can offload complex path computations and consider constraints to efficiently deliver services using multicast trees.
Green Telecom & IT Workshop: Ee routing and networking thierry kleinBellLabs
This document summarizes the work of the Core Switching and Routing Working Group, which focuses on improving the energy efficiency of network equipment and traffic routing. It notes that internet traffic is growing exponentially but technology improvements are slowing, resulting in a widening "energy gap". The group is researching more efficient hardware components, network architectures, traffic engineering techniques, and cross-layer optimizations. Its goal is to develop new technologies and algorithms to significantly improve network power efficiency over the next decade as traffic volumes continue rising rapidly.
Presentation held by Mr.Viktor Nastev as a part of the - Broadband Session at the 8th SEEITA and 7th MASIT Open Days Conference, 14th-15th October, 2010
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.