Multiplexing generally refers to independent signals, those produced by different sources. SO it is a question of how to share the spectrum with these users. In OFDM the question of multiplexing is applied to independent signals but these independent signals are a sub-set of the one main signal.
In OFDM the signal itself is first split into independent channels, modulated by data and then re-multiplexed to create the OFDM carrier.
OFDM is a combination of modulation and multiplexing.
Performance analysis of Multiband - OFDM systems using LDPC coder in pulsed -...IDES Editor
In this paper, a combined approach where low density
parity check (LDPC) codes are used to reduce the complexity
and power consumption of pulsed orthogonal frequencydivision
multiplexing (pulsed-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB)
systems is described. The proposed system uses LDPC codes
to achieve higher code rates without using convolution
encoding and puncturing thereby reducing the complexity and
power consumption of pulsed-OFDM system. The LDPCpulsed-
OFDM system achieves channel capacity with different
code rates and has good performance in different channel
fading scenarios. The pulsed OFDM system is used where
pulsed signals could spread the frequency spectrum of the
OFDM signal. The performance of LDPC-pulsed-OFDM
system for wireless personal area networks (WPAN) is
analyzed for different UWB indoor propagation channels (CM3
and CM4) provided by the IEEE 802.15.3a Standard activity
committee. To establish this, a design of LDPC-pulsed-OFDM
system using the digital video broadcasting-satellite-second
generation (DVB-S2) standard and provide the simulation
results for the different code rates supported by LDPC codes
is presented.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Multiplexing generally refers to independent signals, those produced by different sources. SO it is a question of how to share the spectrum with these users. In OFDM the question of multiplexing is applied to independent signals but these independent signals are a sub-set of the one main signal.
In OFDM the signal itself is first split into independent channels, modulated by data and then re-multiplexed to create the OFDM carrier.
OFDM is a combination of modulation and multiplexing.
Performance analysis of Multiband - OFDM systems using LDPC coder in pulsed -...IDES Editor
In this paper, a combined approach where low density
parity check (LDPC) codes are used to reduce the complexity
and power consumption of pulsed orthogonal frequencydivision
multiplexing (pulsed-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB)
systems is described. The proposed system uses LDPC codes
to achieve higher code rates without using convolution
encoding and puncturing thereby reducing the complexity and
power consumption of pulsed-OFDM system. The LDPCpulsed-
OFDM system achieves channel capacity with different
code rates and has good performance in different channel
fading scenarios. The pulsed OFDM system is used where
pulsed signals could spread the frequency spectrum of the
OFDM signal. The performance of LDPC-pulsed-OFDM
system for wireless personal area networks (WPAN) is
analyzed for different UWB indoor propagation channels (CM3
and CM4) provided by the IEEE 802.15.3a Standard activity
committee. To establish this, a design of LDPC-pulsed-OFDM
system using the digital video broadcasting-satellite-second
generation (DVB-S2) standard and provide the simulation
results for the different code rates supported by LDPC codes
is presented.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Edda Media CMS project i et nøtteskallHenning Sund
Presentasjon av Edda Media sitt CMS-prosjekt, suksessfaktorer for å kjøre et så stort utviklingsløp på så kort tid. Vi rullet ut 30 aviser på 3 måneder!
Internet2 will be aggressive in its deployment of its Innovation Platform in order to allow its members to capitalize on the groundswell of support for high-speed software defined networking - summer of networking, Chris Robb, Indiana University/Internet2
FiberStore CWDM Mux/Demux is a universal device capable of multiplex multiple CWDM (1270~1610nm) up to 18 channels or optical signals into a fiber pair or single fiber. FiberSotre provide full complete configuration like 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 16, 18 channels. Optional wide band for existing 1310nm or 1550nm to multiplex with these CWDM channels. Fully utilize with the existing equipments. Together with our CWDM transceivers or the wavelength converters, the bandwidth of the fiber can be utilized in a cost effective way.
As part of our over-the-top experiment, this was the business proposal and design for digitizing Zhengzhou Cable (China) and establishing a value-added-service-operator (VASO) in China
An old business plan for establishing value-added-service-operator (VASO) in China.
iBIT was incubated by Morning Forest back in 2002 and had a wholly owned subsidiary in China for this experiment.
Cathy Wilson, founder and publisher of Broadband Library International initiated a project to report how Japan cable industry recovers from the disaster and the lessons that could benefit cable industry worldwide. I was fortunately involved.
Historically, cable industry was isolated and had the mindset of old-boy club. Cross industry collaboration was rare (although HFC network technology has been the most beautiful collaborative innovation between cable and telecom industries). In our research of Japan cable industry recovery, we are pleased to find out that the industry heavily leveraged other industries’ innovations and also collaborated closely among themselves in overcoming the challenges - the industry is growing up.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
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https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
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Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
In the Adani-Hindenburg case, what is SEBI investigating.pptxAdani case
Adani SEBI investigation revealed that the latter had sought information from five foreign jurisdictions concerning the holdings of the firm’s foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) in relation to the alleged violations of the MPS Regulations. Nevertheless, the economic interest of the twelve FPIs based in tax haven jurisdictions still needs to be determined. The Adani Group firms classed these FPIs as public shareholders. According to Hindenburg, FPIs were used to get around regulatory standards.
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2. What is this?
A detailed description of the mini Fiber
Node technology and the engineering
implementation
Presented on SCTE Expo 1999
At that time an extensive field trial was going on in Salt
Lake City.
XL 4/30/99
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AL ABIS ABSE
Ted Darcie Tony Werner Mark Dzuban
Alan Gnauck Doug Combs Cameron Gough
Sheryl Woodward Esteban Sandino Marty Davidson
Bhavesh Desai Patrick O’Hare Rob Mcliline
Xiaoxin Qiu Larry Cox
Tim Peters
Quaser, Inc
Bogdan Liminar
4. OUTLINE
Historical Overview
Cable Evolution Options
Six Month Joint Study (9/98 - 3/99)
Multiplexed Fiber Passive Coax
Convergence of vision
Features And Value
Field Trial And Moving Forward
5. CHALLENGES
HE FN
HE FN
HE
FN
Analog Emerging
TV Services
5 50 500 750 1G
Bandwidth Capacity: 5-40MHz/1000s HHP upstream
Transport Integrity: Ingress noise, dynamic range
103-to-1 Architecture: Upstream MAC
to-
6. SOLUTIONS
Bandwidth FiberNode
Capacity Network Segmentation
DWDM Trunk
New Platform
Transport
Integrity DOCSIS
High level
Modem modulation
Centrally-
Centrally-
103-to-1 mediated MAC
Simple Protocol
Architecture
7. Fiber Node Segmentation
HE FN
1,200 Homes
Long cascade coax bus shared by many users (1000s)
8. Fiber Node Segmentation
300 Homes 300 Homes
HE FN
300 Homes 300 Homes
1,200 HHP/FN with 300 HHP/Bus
9. DISTRIBUTED HEAD-END
HEAD-
HE
FN
Primary Primary
Hub
HE
Ring
FN
HE
Operation complexity
Cost of CMTS at lower take rate
10. DWDM TRUNK
SH
FN
Primary Primary
Hub
SH
Ring
FN
SH
DWDM transport for end-to-end transparency
Route diversity for service protection
Consolidate high-end terminals (CMTS)
11. DWDM TRUNK
Primary Hub Secondary Hub
XTR
S
l
1 x 8 DWDM
1 x 8 DWDM
l
l
. .
.
.
. . Fiber Node
RCV
RCV l
1 x 8 DWDM
1 x 8 DWDM
RCV l
RCV
.
. .
.
. .
12. DWDM Reverse
LOCAL HEADEND SECONDARY HUB OPTICAL NODES
8 dB link at 1550 nm
13 dB link at 1310 nm
1 x 4 DWDM
1 x 4 DWDM
RF Combiner/Splitter Routing Circuitry
1 x 4 DWDM
1 x 4 DWDM
1 x 4 DWDM
1 x 4 DWDM
1 x 4 DWDM
1 x 4 DWDM
5 dB link at 1550 nm
7 dB link at 1310 nm
13. Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency
Destacker Destacker Destacker Destacker
1 x 4 DWDM
LOCAL HEADEND
8 dB link at 1550 nm
13 dB link at 1310 nm
1 x 4 DWDM
Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency
SECONDARY HUB
Stacker Stacker Stacker Stacker
DWDM Reverse and FSS
7 dB link at 1310 nm
5 dB link at 1550 nm
OPTICAL NODES
14. DWDM Reverse &TDM
LOCAL HEADEND SECONDARY HUB OPTICAL NODES
A/D A/D
Demultiplexer
Multiplexer
A/D 8 dB link at 1550 nm A/D
A/D 13 dB link at 1310 nm A/D
A/D A/D
A/D A/D
Demultiplexer
Multiplexer
A/D A/D
A/D A/D
1 x 4 DWDM
1 x 4 DWDM
A/D A/D
A/D A/D
Demultiplexer Demultiplexer
Multiplexer
A/D A/D
A/D A/D
A/D A/D
A/D A/D
Multiplexer
A/D A/D
A/D A/D
A/D A/D
5 dB link at 1550 nm
7 dB link at 1310 nm
15. MODERN HFC NETWORK
SH FN
Primary Primary
Hub
SH
Ring
SH FN
DWDM Transport Segmentation
End-to-end Transparency 4X capacity
16. What If We Succeed?
Bandwidth exhaustion Transport integrity
Take rate and multiple lines
New services
User behavior
Performance
10000
1000
Life cycle cost
Delay (ms)
100
10
v.s.
1
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Front-end cost
Users
21. PROTOCOL COMPARISON
Hub FN Hub FN
mFN mFN
Local
REQ Signaling
REQ
REQ
Data Data Data Data Data Other Services
50 500 1G
DOCSIS Adapted Ethernet
Centrally (Hub) mediated protocol Distributed (mFN) mediated protocol
Large contention domain (600+users) Small contention domain (50 users)
Long round trip delay (350+ms) Small round trip delay (6ms)
Complex modulation for precious Simple modulation with abundant
bandwidth bandwidth
Ideal for introduction & low take- Opportunities to reduce terminal
rate cost and power consumption
22. DELAY COMPARISON
1000
100
Average delay (ms)
10 mFN-NAD
CM
1
0.1
mFN-NAD Cable modem
0.01
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number of active users
23. mFN Protocol Performance
6
Average Delay (ms)
5 Low Priority (20)
4
3 Medium Priority (10)
2
1
High Priority (20)
0
100 200 300
Request Packet Rate (Kbps/station)
24. SIX MONTH STUDY
Completed 3/99
Define Network Upgrade Strategy to Balance
Near-
Near-term and Long-term Needs
Long-
ABIS ABSE
Werner Dzuban
Experience/planning New services
Implementation Requirement
AL
Darcie
mFN technology
Idealism (nerdy)
25. SIX MONTH STUDY
Network design and cost analysis: 600+ miles
Scenarios:
Current Upgrade mFN RF mFN Digital Baseband Passive Coax
Key results:
Incremental cost associated with deep fiber penetration
Opportunities in:
• Reducing power consumption for 2-way services
• Reducing terminal and operation cost
• Ability to support future demands
Opportunities for mFN to improve current system
while migrating to new infrastructure
Multiplexed Fiber Passive Coax
26. Multiplexed Fiber Passive Coax
Hub FN Hub FN
mFN mFN
HUB MuxNode mFN mFN
TV TV
DTV DTV
New IP New IP
DOCSIS DOCSIS
New IP
New IP
Passive coax between mFN and subscribers
Reduced power consumption and maintenance
MuxNode to reduce cost of deep fiber penetration
Increased bandwidth and flexibility for DOCSIS-based services
Simultaneously support current (DOCSIS) & future (new IP) systems
27. MIGRATION
Phase 1:
Establish A New Infrastructure
Reduce actives and system power consumption
Create more bandwidth for DOCSIS-based services
Improve reliability
Phase 2:
Future Proofing
More capacity & flexibility (10-100Mbps/50-100 HHP)
Low-cost, low-power-consumption user terminals
Provisioning for future opportunities
28. END-TO-
END-TO-END SYSTEM
-- Option #1
PH SH MuxNode mFN
TV XTR
RCV-A
D D
TSD ITU-A W W
XTR
Today RCV-A D
D Filter RCV
M M ITU-A 1:8 Coupler XTRV Modem
RCV-D
New RCV-D DWDM C ITU-D Mux
IP C RCV-D Demux Phase 2
ITU-D DWDM
ITU-A: Analog ITU
ITU-D: Digital ITU
RCV-A: Analog RCV
RCV-D: Digital RCV
Integrated Platform with Phased Development
Off-the-shelf for Phase 1 with Phase 2 provisioning
29. END-TO-
END-TO-END SYSTEM
-- Option #2
PH SH MuxNode mFN
TV XTR
RCV-A
D D
TSD ITU-A W W
XTR
Today RCV-A D
D Filter RCV
M M ITU-A 1:8 Coupler XTRV Modem
RCV-D
New RCV-D DWDM C ITU-D Mux
IP C RCV-D Demux Phase 2
ITU-D DWDM
ITU-A: Analog ITU
ITU-D: Digital ITU
RCV-A: Analog RCV
RCV-D: Digital RCV
Integrated Platform with Phased Development
Off-the-shelf for Phase 1 with Phase 2 provisioning
30. BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION
PH SH MuxNode mFN Passive
Coax
Analog TSD Analog TSD
TV TV Today TV Today
50 750 50 750
TSD ASK
Today Analog TSD
5 300 TV Today
5 50 550 750 1G
New
622
IP
250
622
31. MUXNODE PLATFORM
1:8
RCV
ITU-A 1:8 XTRV
ASK Dem
ITU-D
Mux
RCV-D Demux
Multi-dimension (RF, optical, and digital) mux/demux
Balance between large scale mux & physical constraint
32. mFN PLATFORM
RCV
Standard
Fiber Node D
D
Platform
XTR-A
RCV-D
Phase 2 FSK ASK FSK
HPF
HPF
Add-on Mod Mod Demod HPF
FPGA
HPF
GaAs high-gain amplifiers for maximum mFN coverage
Provisioning add-on for phase 2 implementation
33. ADVANTAGES
Operation Savings
61% reduction in active components
Reduced power consumption
Simplification of maintenance
Improved Performance
Reduced ingress noise funneling (10-48MHz operation)
Increased RF bandwidth
Improved reliability
Future Proof
Flexibility between current track and future opportunities
Contingency for “surprising” success in broadband growth
37. FLEXIBILITY
HUB MuxNode mFN mFN
TV TV
DTV DTV
New IP New IP
DOCSIS DOCSIS
New IP
New IP
Flexible migration to future mFN-based opportunities and beyond
Bandwidth
20MHz/1,200 HP 100MHz/50 HP 1 TeraHz/50 HP
Modem
DOCSIS-Based mFN-Based FTTC/H
38. Field Trial
Objective:
Support planned upgrade: bandwidth expansion
Test technology, verify cost and operation saving
Trial Scope:
Area: 520 miles (66,619 HHP) in Salt Lake Metro
Cost: $4 - 5M incremental capital cost
Schedule:
Service launching: October, 1999
Data collection: January, 2000
39. PROJECT SCOPE
Design Optimization
Maximize the number of amplifiers replaced per mFN
Minimize overall network power consumption
Define design limiting factors
Investigate MDU compatibility
Equipment Development:
Technology feasibility
Cost and time to market
Implementation and Data Collection
Front-end labor cost
Baseline and new data (service call, number of failures,
MTTR, etc)
Change in sweeping and certification due to the new
architecture
40. CURRENT STATUS
Vendor Selection: 4/29/99
Trial Area Selection: 4/29/99
Design Guideline: 5/3/99
Project Scope Documentation: 5/7/99
First Unit Delivery: 6/16/99
Installation: 6/22/99
41. IMPACT
On current engineering practice (fiber
handling, etc)
On business strategy and operation, etc
etc, etc