1) DWDM combines multiple optical signals so that they can be amplified and transmitted over a single fiber, increasing network capacity.
2) Basic DWDM system components include terminal multiplexers and demultiplexers, line repeaters, and optical terminals. Optical add-drop multiplexers allow removal or insertion of wavelengths along the span.
3) Proper link budgeting is required to ensure optical power levels remain above minimum thresholds to maintain signal quality as light propagates long distances through fiber. Regular monitoring and troubleshooting helps ensure transmission quality parameters are met.
you can be friend with me on orkut
"mangalforyou@gmail.com" : i belive in sharing the knowledge so please send project reports ,seminar and ppt. to me .
How to use WDM technology to expand fiber capacity.pdfHYC Co., Ltd
An article introduces all about WDM technology, including how does WDM work, what's mux and demux, cwdm vs dwdm, what does optical add-drop multiplexer stand for, wdm bands, wdm technology, wdm applications. How to use WDM technology to expand fiber capacity?
you can be friend with me on orkut
"mangalforyou@gmail.com" : i belive in sharing the knowledge so please send project reports ,seminar and ppt. to me .
How to use WDM technology to expand fiber capacity.pdfHYC Co., Ltd
An article introduces all about WDM technology, including how does WDM work, what's mux and demux, cwdm vs dwdm, what does optical add-drop multiplexer stand for, wdm bands, wdm technology, wdm applications. How to use WDM technology to expand fiber capacity?
What does WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing )stand for?HYC Co., Ltd
This article will include these subject.
What does WDM stand for?
The basic structure of WDM system
Advantages of WDM technology
What does Mux and Demux stand for?
The difference between WDM and optical splitter
The indicators that affect the WDM devices
How to understand the O, E, S, C, L, U band
What does CWDM stand for vs. DWDM, FWDM, LWDM, MWDM?
HYC can provide customers with a one-stop optical network device and low-cost optical communication products, supplying a range of WDM products. HYC Co.,Ltd(HYC)is a national Hi-tech optoelectronics company engaged in R&D, manufacture and marketing of fiber optical products. Providing professional product and service for fiber connectivity,WDM, PLC splitter and high density datacom cabling. HYC products and solutions widely applied in 4G/5G, Data Center and Cloud Computing industry etc.
In WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system, CWDM and DWDM are two main WDM technologies with different wavelength patterns, capabilities, costs, and applications. What‘’s the difference between CWDM and DWDM? What are their respective benefits? How do they work and how to use them? A brief introduction to show you!
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
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Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
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UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
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Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
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A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024
Basics of DWDM Technology
1. 1) Introduction
2) Need of DWDM Transmission
technology
3) Types of DWDM
4)Basic components of DWDM
3)NE Type/Structure
5)Transmission quality parameters
4)Equipment Alarms of 1626 LM
5)Fault Troubleshooting of 1626 LM
6)Link Budget & Power loss designing
2. For singlemode fiber, the loss is about 0.5 dB per km for 1310 nm sources, 0.4 dB
per km for 1550 nm
9. Why we need DWDM?
Earlier we use SDH transmission technology where optical
signals transmitted through a optical fiber utilizing only single
dedication bandwidth like STM-1,4,16 & 64, by implementing
SDH technology we have wasted maximum amount of
bandwidth which we can utilize only by a technology known as
DWDM.
Definition of DWDM:-> DWDM is a transmission technology by
which we can transmit/multiplex/Demux different wavelengths on
a single fiber by which we can utilize maximum bandwidth via
optical fiber cable. OR
DWDM combines multiple optical signals so that they can
amplified as a group & transported over a single fiber to
increase capacity.
10. ITU-T BAND
Band Description Wavelength Range
O band original 1260 to 1360 nm
E band extended 1360 to 1460 nm
S band short wavelengths 1460 to 1530 nm
C band
conventional
("erbium
window")
1530 to 1565 nm
L band long wavelengths 1565 to 1625 nm
U band
ultralong
wavelengths
1625 to 1675 nm
Historically, there was a window used below the O band, called the first
window, at 800-900 nm; however, losses are high in this region so this window
is used primarily for short-distance communications. The current lower
windows (O and E) around 1300 nm have much lower losses. This region has
zero dispersion. The middle windows (S and C) around 1500 nm are the
most widely used. This region has the lowest attenuation losses and achieves
the longest range. It does have some dispersion, so dispersion compensator
devices are used to remove this.
11. • The minimum frequency separation between two different
multiplexed signals is known as the Channel Spacing. Since the
wavelength of operation is inversely proportional to the frequency,
a corresponding difference is introduced in the wavelength of each
signal.
15. Late
1990’s
Mid
1990’s
Early
1990’s
1980’s
64 to 160 channels in 1550 nm window
Next generation DWDM system
Channel spacing of 0.2 to 0.4 nm
16 to 40 channels in 1550nm window
DWDM (Dense wdm)
Channel spacing of 0.8 to 1.6
2 to 8 channels in 1550nm window
Passive (or) 2nd generation WDM
Channel spacing of~ 3.2nm
2 channels WWDM (Wideband WDM)
1310nm & 1550nm
16.
17. *A basic DWDM system contains several main
components:
(a) A DWDM terminal multiplexer
(b) An intermediate line repeater
(c) An intermediate optical terminal
(d) A DWDM terminal demultiplexer
(e) Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)
18.
19. •Wavelength converting transponders translate the transmitted
wavelength of a client-layer signal into one of the DWDM system's
equivalent internal wavelengths.
•In the mid-1990s,wavelength converting transponders rapidly took
on the additional function of signal regeneration.
Signal regeneration in transponders quickly evolved through 1R
to 2R to 3R .
1R 2R 3R
Retransmission Re-time,
Re-transmit
Re-time,
Re-transmit,
Re-shape
20. • Capacity increase : Large aggregate transmission capacity.
• Upgradability : Customer growth without requiring additional fiber
to be laid.
• Flexibility : Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing (OADM)
Optical Cross connect (OXC)
• Scalability : The possibility to add new nodes to the network.
• Network Transparency : Independence of data rate, format &
protocols.
59. Between multiplexing and de-multiplexing points in a DWDM system, there is an area in which
multiple wavelengths exist. It is often desirable to be able to remove or insert one or more
wavelengths at some point along this span. An Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (OADM) performs
this function. Rather than combining or separating all wavelengths, the OADM can remove some
while passing others on. OADMs are a key part of moving toward the goal of all-optical networks.
60. Types of OADMs
1)Conventional OADMs- Used to drop fixed wavelength/Lamda---
where optical signal transmitted from more than one directions.
2)ROADM-> Reconfigurable OADM—used where optical signal
transmitted from more than two directions.
69. Optical Spectrum Analyzer
An Optical Spectrum Analyzer (or OSA) is a precision instrument
designed to measure and display the distribution of power of an optical
source over a specified wavelength span. An OSA trace displays power in
the vertical scale and the wavelength in the horizontal scale.
Power
(dB)
Wavelength(nm)
74. 1)Optical Transmit Power(Tx)-Optical Receive
Power(Rx)= is called a Total LOSS of a Link.
2) Planning team will define Beginning of Life (BOL) of
a link & End of life (EOL) based on the total distance of
a link and type of fiber quality.
3)FOR PROPER WORKING OF A DWDM NETWORK ONE
MUST HAVE TO BE MAINTAIN DWDM LINK LOSS BELOW
BOL & EOL.