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RESEARCH CHALLENGES
IN MICROGRID TECHNOLOGIES
PostDoc - DFF
Juan C. Vasquez
juq@et.aau.dk
Professor
Josep M. Guerrero
joz@et.aau.dk

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 Microgrid Definition and Operation
 Microgrid Research Programme in AAU
 Microgrid Research activities and laboratories
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Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids
What is a Microgrid?
Household appliances and electronics
PCC
DC Coupled Subsystem
Main
Utility Grid
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Modes of Operation: ISLANDED
Household appliances and electronics
PCC
DC Coupled Subsystem
Main
Utility Grid
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Modes of Operation: GRID CONNECTED
Household appliances and electronics
DC Coupled Subsystem
PCC
Main
Utility Grid
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Tertiary
Control
Power Import/export from/to the grid.
Secondary Control
Primary Control
f/V Restoration (Island)
Synchronization (Island to grid Connected mode)
Modeling + Inner loops + droop Control (P/Q Sharing).
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Problem: Harmonics in Microgrids
Possible solutions:
- One DG unit could give more harmonics than
another. (harmonic current sharing)
- Voltage Harmonic Reduction (Control strategies
for HC)
Problem: Unbalances in Microgrids
Possible solutions:
- By means of sec. control,
PCC voltage
unbalances can be compensated by control
signals to the primary level.
- Voltage Unbalance Compensation (Control
strategies)
Test and verification that the proposed solutions follow the European
power quality standards IEC 61727 and IEC 61000-3-6.
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Communication model provided by IEC
61850 & IEC 61400-25 to describe the
physical devices in the network model.
• Study meter-bus technology solutions to
integrate
smart
meters
and
data
concentrators according to EN13757.
•Develop different levels of communications
architectures for residential AMI following
IEC61968-9 (interface standard for meter
reading and control).
•Integrate smart meters and data
concentrators in different levels of wireless
and
meshed
network
architectures,
according to EN13757-5 (standard for radio
mesh meter-bus) and EN13757-4 (wireless
meter-bus).
Timbus et Al. Management of DER Using Standarized Communications and modern Technologies
International Conference on Power Electrical Systems - SSD 2014
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Household appliances and electronics
PCC
DC Coupled Subsystem
Main
Utility Grid
Source Protection
Network Protection
Bidirectional Protection
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 Microgrid Definition and Operation
 Microgrid Research Activities
 Microgrid Research Programme and laboratories
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COORDINATED CONTROL FOR
POWER QUALITY IN
GRID CONNECTED - ISLANDED
MICROGRIDS
AC
Low
voltage
coordinated control:
MicroGrid
AC Microgrids:
Bus frequency signaling
DC Microgrids:
Bus voltage signaling
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CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED
SECONDARY CONTROL FOR ISLANDED
MICROGRIDS
Amplitude droop
Frequency droop
*
*
mP
E*
E
E * nQ
E
Pmax P
Connection/disconnection load or generation
Frequency and voltage deviation
Frequency Restoration
Voltage Amplitude
Restoration
E
f
Secondary
response
f MG
Qmax Q
Secondary
response
E
Primary
response
PDGk
Primary
response
P
Pmax
Qmax
Q
QDGk
Qmax
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Communication link
Secondary
Control
Communications
Remote
sensing
Local
Control
Local
Control
Local
Control
…
Microgrid
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TERTIARY CONTROL AND
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM IN MICROGRIDS
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TERTIARY CONTROL AND  DC System Optimization ---- Local Generation Control
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Objective
SYSTEM IN MICROGRIDS
• System Overall Efficiency
DC/DC
CONVERTER
Load
DC INPUT
DC/DC
CONVERTER
Constraints
• Capacity
• DC Bus Voltage
• System Dynamics
Load
Rdroop
DC
COMMON BUS
Vr
DC
COMMON BUS
Problem Formulation
Typical Efficiency Curve
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<=2.
5
PQ
TERTIARY CONTROL AND
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM IN MICROGRIDS
PQ
PQ
PQ
PQ
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DISTRIBUTED ACTIVE
SYNCHRONIZATION FOR
MICROGRID UNDER
UNBALANCE AND HARMONIC
DISTORTIONS
Current/Voltage
Source
Shut down
Gridconnected
mode
STS = ON
Intentional/
Unintentional
islanding
Sync
ISLANDED
STS = OFF
Voltage Source MODE
Stop
Black start
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•
•
•
•
Remote telecom applications
Coupled renewable systems
DC powered homes
Fast HEV charging stations
Configuration
Basic control
Basic control
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Danish
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380Vdc
Powered Home
Phase 1.
Phase 2.
Phase 3
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1. Vdc consumer electronics
380Vdc
Powered Home
2. 12/24 Vdc wall sockets
3. 12 Vdc LED lighting
4. 24 Vdc home entertainment system
5. 12 Vdc coffee maker
6. 12 Vdc refrigerator
7. 24 Vdc vacuum cleaner
8. 48 Vdc washing machine
9. 48 Vdc air conditioner
10. 12 Vdc hair dryer
11. 48 Vdc whisper wind turbine
12. PVs connected in 380vdc bus bar
13. 380vdc charger
14. 380vdc busway distribution system 21

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5 Workstations
-
FC emulators
Battery emulators
Flywheels
Supercaps
Dedicated DC/DC
converters
Constant power
loads
Real-time monitoring,
Control and supervision
1 Setup for
Demonstration of DC-home with Real DC appliances.
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 Microgrid Definition and Operation
 Microgrid Research Activities
 Microgrid Research Programme and laboratories
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MICROGRID RESEARCH PROGRAMME
 Modeling
 Control & Operation
MicroGrid Research
Programme Areas
AC MicroGrids
DC MicroGrids
 Energy Storage
 Protection
 Power Quality
 Standard-based ICT
 Networked Control
 EMS & Optimization
 Multi-Agents
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MICROGRID RESEARCH T AALBORG
MICROGRID RESEARCH TEAM @ EAM
Tomislav
Dragicevic
Josep M.
Guerrero
Juan C.
Vasquez
Ernane
Coelho
MGs
modelling
Javier
Roldan
LVRT &
PQ
DC MGs
Fabio
Andrade
MGs stability
Min Chen
Power
Electronics
Yang Han
Dan Wu
Primary
Control
Qobad
Shafiee
Secondary
Control
Lexuan Meng
Tertiary
Control
Yajuan Guan
Ancillary
services for MGs
Nelson Diaz
Energy storage
for MicroGrids
Chi Zhang
LVDC
distribution MGs
PQ & MV
MGs
Chendan Li
MGs
Agents
Valerio
Mariani
Nonlinear
Control
Hengwei Lin
Management
and Protection
for Microgrids
Xin Zhao
AC/DC
Hybrid MG
Bo Sun
EV Charging
Stations
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INTELLIGENT MICROGRID LAB - iMGLAB
ET Location
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY – ET-AAU
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Every setup is able to emulate a multi-converter lowvoltage Microgrid, local and energy management control
programmed in dSPACE real-time control platforms.
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www.microgrids.et.aau.dk
Microgrid
research and
activities
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juq@et.aau.dk
joz@et.aau.dk
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