The document discusses the Spanish Reconquista, which was a nearly 800-year period where Christian kingdoms gradually reconquered the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. It began in 711 CE when the Moors first invaded Spain and ended in 1492 CE with the fall of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold. The Moors influenced Spanish culture and religion during their rule. Pelagius initiated the Reconquista in 718 CE by establishing an independent Christian state and defeating the Moors militarily, starting the long process of driving the Moors out of Spain.