A filter is an electrical network that transmits signals within a specified frequency range called the pass band, and suppresses signals in the stop band, separated by the cut-off frequency. Digital filters are used to eliminate noise and extract signals of interest, implemented using software rather than RLC components. Digital filters are FIR (finite impulse response) or IIR (infinite impulse response) depending on the number of sample points used. An ideal filter would transmit signals in the pass band without attenuation and completely suppress the stop band, but ideal filters cannot be realized. IIR filter design first develops an analog IIR filter, then converts it to digital using methods like impulse invariant, approximation of derivatives, or bilinear transformation.
Salient Features:
The magnitude response is nearly constant(equal to 1) at lower frequencies
There are no ripples in passband and stop band
The maximum gain occurs at Ω=0 and it is H(Ω)=1
The magnitude response is monotonically decreasing
As the order of the filter ‘N’ increases, the response of the filter is more close to the ideal response
Sampling is a Simple method to convert analog signal into discrete Signal by using any one of its three methods
if the sampling frequency is twice or greater than twice then sampled signal can be convert back into analog signal easily......
The presentation covers sampling theorem, ideal sampling, flat top sampling, natural sampling, reconstruction of signals from samples, aliasing effect, zero order hold, upsampling, downsampling, and discrete time processing of continuous time signals.
Salient Features:
The magnitude response is nearly constant(equal to 1) at lower frequencies
There are no ripples in passband and stop band
The maximum gain occurs at Ω=0 and it is H(Ω)=1
The magnitude response is monotonically decreasing
As the order of the filter ‘N’ increases, the response of the filter is more close to the ideal response
Sampling is a Simple method to convert analog signal into discrete Signal by using any one of its three methods
if the sampling frequency is twice or greater than twice then sampled signal can be convert back into analog signal easily......
The presentation covers sampling theorem, ideal sampling, flat top sampling, natural sampling, reconstruction of signals from samples, aliasing effect, zero order hold, upsampling, downsampling, and discrete time processing of continuous time signals.
Using Chebyshev filter design, there are two sub groups,
Type-I Chebyshev Filter
Type-II Chebyshev Filter
The major difference between butterworth and chebyshev filter is that the poles of butterworth filter lie on the circle while the poles of chebyshev filter lie on ellipse.
In communication system, intersymbol interference (ISI) is a form of distortion of a signal in which one symbol interferes with subsequent symbols. This is an unwanted phenomenon as the previous symbols have similar effect as noise, thus making the communication less reliable.
In communication system, the Nyquist ISI criterion describes the conditions which when satisfied by a communication channel (including responses of transmit and receive filters), result in no intersymbol interference(ISI). It provides a method for constructing band-limited functions to overcome the effects of intersymbol interference.
The Presentation includes Basics of Non - Uniform Quantization, Companding and different Pulse Code Modulation Techniques. Comparison of Various PCM techniques is done considering various Parameters in Communication Systems.
In digital modulation, minimum-shift keying(MSK) is a type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying that was developed in the late 1950s and 1960s.
Similar to OQPSK(Offset quadrature phase-shift keying),
Using Chebyshev filter design, there are two sub groups,
Type-I Chebyshev Filter
Type-II Chebyshev Filter
The major difference between butterworth and chebyshev filter is that the poles of butterworth filter lie on the circle while the poles of chebyshev filter lie on ellipse.
In communication system, intersymbol interference (ISI) is a form of distortion of a signal in which one symbol interferes with subsequent symbols. This is an unwanted phenomenon as the previous symbols have similar effect as noise, thus making the communication less reliable.
In communication system, the Nyquist ISI criterion describes the conditions which when satisfied by a communication channel (including responses of transmit and receive filters), result in no intersymbol interference(ISI). It provides a method for constructing band-limited functions to overcome the effects of intersymbol interference.
The Presentation includes Basics of Non - Uniform Quantization, Companding and different Pulse Code Modulation Techniques. Comparison of Various PCM techniques is done considering various Parameters in Communication Systems.
In digital modulation, minimum-shift keying(MSK) is a type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying that was developed in the late 1950s and 1960s.
Similar to OQPSK(Offset quadrature phase-shift keying),
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Description about -
1.filter and types of filter
2.comb filter defination & its magnitude and phase response
3.Digital comb filter defination & its magnitude and phase response
4.Digital comb filter using a digital differentiator & its magnitude and phase response
5.Comb Filters with Multiple Delay Elements defination & its magnitude and phase response
6.Digital Integrator(non-delaying) defination & its magnitude and phase response
7.Delaying Integrator defination & its magnitude and phase response
8.Fourier Transform & Dirac Delta Function (Unit Impulse Response) and its properties
Performance Analysis and Simulation of Decimator for Multirate ApplicationsIJEEE
In this paper, a decimator design has been presented for multirate digital signal processing. The decimator design has been analysed and simulated for performance comparison in terms of filter order and ripple factor. Direct form-I with decimation factor 2 have been used for performance and ripple analysis. The decimators have been designed & simulated using MATLAB. It can be observed from the simulated results that as we increase the filter order, ripple factor decreases, for the same filter structure. On the other hand, increasing filter order will increase its area and implementation cost.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Empowering NextGen Mobility via Large Action Model Infrastructure (LAMI): pav...
Butterworth filter design
1. What is Filter ?
A Filter is an electrical network that can transmit signal
within a specified frequency range .
This Frequency range is called PASS BAND and
Where signal is suppressed is called STOP BAND.
The Frequency that separates the pass band and the stop
band is known as CUT-OFF frequency.
What is Digital filter and why we use it ?
Type of filter –
1) Analog filter 2) Digital filter
Digital filter use to eliminate the Noise and to Extract the
signal of interest from the other signal .
Filtering is not done by RLC it done by using Difference eqn.
It is implement using software like C and Assemble .
2. Types of Digital Filter –
Depending on the no. of sample point used to
determine the unit sample (impulse response)of LTI
system ,digital filter are 2 types –
1)FIR(finite impulse response)filter
2)IIR(infinite impulse response)filter
What is Ideal Filter?
An ideal filter is would transmit signal under the pass
band without attenuation and completely suppress the
signal in stop band.
Characteristics –
it have constant gain in pass band and zero gain in the
stop band.
It has linear phase response.
It must be causal .
3. Ideal filter can not be realize .
IIR Filter Design –
first design analog IIR filter. Then analog filter converted into
the digital filter .
Methods –
1) Impulse Invariant method – In this, we match the analog filter
impulse response to the digital response.
2) Approximation of derivative method – In this ,differential
equation of analog filter transform into difference equation of digital
filter.
3) Bilinear method— In this, conformal mapping is done which
transform the jΩ-Axis into the unit circle in the Z-plane.
4. What is basic analog filter Approximation?
Approximation of analog filter is required because the practical
characteristic of a filter is not identical to ideal characteristic .
The approximation are 3 types -
1)Butterworth filter approximation
2) Chebyshev filter approximation
3) Elliptic filter approximation
Note- The approximation is used for achieve ideal
characteristic where as the methods are use to
transform the analog filter response to digital filter
response. we use transformation methods for
designing of ideal characteristic.
6. The main characteristic of Butterworth filter is that the
pass band is maximally flat. There are no variation
(ripples) in the pass band.
The magnitude response of LP Butterworth filter
is given by -
Where
Ωc =cut off frequency
|H(Ω)|2 =magnitude of LPF
N= order of filter ,that means the no. of stages used in the
design of analog filter.
7.
8. Designing of Butterworth filter
Designing steps :
Let - Ap=Attenuation in pass band
As=Attenuation in stop band
Ωp=pass band edge frequency
Ωc=Cut off frequency
Ωs=stop band edge frequency
Step 1 :
Calculation for frequency of analog filter.
a) For impulse invariance method ,
Ω - frequency of analog filter
ῳ - frequency of digital filter
T – sampling time
b) For bilinear transformation method ,
9. Step 2:
Evaluate the order N –
Step 3 :
Calculate cut-off frequency –
a) For impulse invariance method-