The document presents an overview of the Burj Khalifa, the tallest skyscraper in the world at 828 meters, located in Dubai and completed in 2010. It includes details about the skyscraper's construction challenges, materials used, structural systems, and innovative engineering solutions. Additionally, it highlights environmental features and safety measures implemented in the design and construction of the building.

1. 1
Presentation On:
Tallest Skyscraper in
the world.
BURJ KHALIFA (828m)
In Dubai.
Presented By:
Rohit Arora
(BE Final yr BCE)
M.B.M Engineering
College Jodhpur

2. Contents
2
 Introduction
 Site Plan
 Records
 Challenges
 Excavation
 Foundation
 Casting of
Structure
 Concrete Used
 Casting of RCC
walls.
 Structural System
 Shape
 Buttressed core
 The Spire
 Mechanical Rooms
 Elevators
 Cladding
 Test for Cladding
 Glass Panels
 Evacuation and Fire
Safety
 Environment
friendly

3. Introduction
3
 The Burj Khalifa is the ever built tallest
man made structure.
 Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
 Project Completion: 2010
 Site Area: 104,210 m2
 Project Area: 454,249 m2
 Number of Stories: 162
 Building Height: 828 m
 Use: Commercial + Office,
Hospitality, Mixed Use,
 Residential
 Architect : Adrian Smith
 Structural Engineer: Bill Baker
 The tower was constructed by a UAE based
construction company EMAAR.

4. SITEPLAN
4

5. Records
5
 Tallest existing structure : 829.8 m ( 2,722 ft )
 Tallest structure ever built : 829.8 m ( 2,722 ft)
 Building with the most floors : 163
 Highest vertical concrete pumping( for a building) :
606 m
 building with world’s highest occupied floor
 World’s highest elevator installation
 World’s longest travel distance elevators : 504 m
 World’s tallest structure that includes residential
space
 World’s highest installation of an aluminum and
glass facade : 512 m
 World’s highest night club : 144th floor
 World’s highest restaurant (At.mosphere) : 122nd
floor at 442 m
 World’s second highest swimming pool: 76th floor


6. Challenges Faced
6
 High Temperature of Dubai resulted in
shorter setting time.
 Devastating sandstorms in the area.
 Wind Velocity at such a height.
 Loose and weak soil in the region.
 Formation of vortex.
 Heat resistance of structure.
 Speed of construction.

7. Excavation
7
 The soil stratum of Dubai is very week so they had to excavate
up to 50m deep to get a hard rock structure
 But the rock that they found was fragile and saturated with
ground water
 So that any hole made will be cured immediately
 The engineers filled this with a viscous polymer slurry
 This pushes the rock and the ground water to the edges of the
boreholes to keep it open
 This slurry is denser than water and liter than
concrete, so that when concrete is pumped the
concrete displaces the fluid and forms the
foundation.
 194 piles were constructed
for avoiding the sinking of this
structure.

8. Foundation
8
 The superstructure is supported by a large reinforced
concrete mat, which is in turn supported by bored
reinforced concrete piles. The design was based on
extensive geotechnical and seismic studies.
 The 1.5 meter diameter x 43 meter long piles
represent the largest and longest piles conventionally
available in the region.
 A high density, low permeability concrete was used
in the foundations.
 Cathodic protection system
under the mat, to minimize
any detrimental effects form
corrosive chemicals in local
ground water.

9. Casting of the structure
9
 The casting of the whole structure is mainly done by
two materials
1. Concrete
2. Steel
 Over 30,000 tons of steel were used
 About 250,000 m3 concrete was also used
 The reinforced concrete acts as the backbone of
the whole structure.
 The pump needs 630HP to pump about 25000 tons
of concrete
 It had took about 14mints for reaching the concrete
to the 150th floor
 They completed every new floor in 3 day .

10. Concrete used
10
 High performance concrete(HPC)
 Low permeability
 High durability
 C80-C60 cube strength concrete was used
 It includes fly ash, Portland cement
 Two largest concrete pumping machines in the
world were used for this purpose
 For reducing cracks due to high temperature
concreting was done only at night

11. Casting of RCC walls
11
 For simplicity and speed the engineers made no. of
steel cages
 These cages were inserted to the formworks that can
be moved easily
 After installation of cages concrete was filled in
these formworks
 Only took 12hrs for the setting of concrete.
 After setting the concrete the formworks would
move to the next level with in 2hrs.

12. Structural System
12
 The spiraling “Y” shaped plan was utilized to shape
the structural core of Burj Khalifa.
 This design helps to reduce the wind forces on the
tower, as well as to keep the structure simple and
foster constructability.
 The structural system can be described as a
“buttressed core”, and consists of high performance
concrete wall construction.
 At mechanical floors, outrigger walls are provided to
link the perimeter columns to the interior wall
system, allowing the perimeter columns to
participate in the lateral load resistance of the
structure

13. Shape
13
 They made a study on the Sears tower at Chicago.
 Burj Khalifa was designed in triangular shape
because it was suitable to deflect the wind to
different ways.
 Triangular shape reduces vortex effect.

14. Buttressed core
14
 The three wings allow for greater building height by
buttressing one another by a central core hence it is
called buttressed core structural system
 This buttressed core is a six sided central piece
 So that it is called a Hexagonal Hub
 This hub is surrounded by the three wings
 These three wings afford the torsional resistance and
the twisting of the tower
 This hub encloses the elevators

15. The Spire
15
 The crowning touch of Burj Khalifa is its telescopic
spire comprised of more than 4,000 tons of
structural steel.
 The spire was constructed from inside the building
and jacked to its full height of over 200 metres (700
feet) using a hydraulic pump.
 Creates a sense of completion for the landmark.
 Also houses communications equipment.

16. Mechanical Floors
16
 Seven double-storey height mechanical floors house
the equipment that bring Burj Khalifa to life.
 Distributed around every 30 storeys.
 house the electrical sub-stations, water tanks and
pumps, air-handling units etc, that are essential for
the operation of the tower and the comfort of its
occupants.

17. Elevators and Escalators
17
 The Burj can accommodate about
35,000 people at a time
 Consist of 57 elevators and 8 escalators
 The biggest elevator carries about 46
people at a time
 These elevators travel at a speed of
35km/hr
 The Burj has a service/firemans
elevator which have a capacity to hold
about 5,500kg
 And this is the worlds tallest service
elevator.

18. Cladding of the tower
18
 The Burj is claded with high-tech glass which forms as a
curtain wall.
 The exterior cladding is comprised of reflective glazing
with aluminum and textured stainless steel spandrel
panels and stainless steel vertical tubular fins.
 If the whole cladding has to be done with high-tech glass
which will cost about 100 million dollars.

19. Test for the Cladding against
Storm
19
 The cladding should withstand the heavy sand
storms that with in include water and dust
 Prototypes were selected and with the help of
propellers artificially created storm was allowed to
hit the glass panels at a greater speed
 The glass panels withstands the storm up to
75km/hr .

20. Glass panel
20
 The outer layer of panel is coated with a thin layer
of metal so that it reflects the UV radiations
 The inner layer of panel is coated with thin layer
of silver so that it reflects the IR radiations.
 The exterior cladding is comprised of reflective
glazing with aluminum and textured stainless
steel spandrel panels and stainless steel vertical
tubular fins.
 Close to 26,000 glass
panels, each individually
hand-cut, were used in
the exterior cladding of
Burj Khalifa.

21. Speed of construction and
Cranes
21
 For erecting such a structure in the sky steel and
glass panels have to be raised
 The cranes consist of two plates on the two sides
 It could jump from one floor to the another
 So that they were called the kangaroo cranes
 So as to speed up the construction the RCC walls
was done in a simple and clever engineering way

22. Evacuation and Fire Safety
22
 The Burj is naturally fire resistant as the concrete
backbone is already fire resistant
 More than that the Burj consist of refuge rooms
 These refuge rooms are made of RCC and fire proof
sheets that resist the heat up to 2hrs
 These refuge rooms has a special supply of air which
pumps through fire resistant pipes
 There are 9 refuge rooms, one in every 30 floors.
 The Burj fire safety system mainly consist of 3
components
i. A smoke detector
ii. Water sprinkler
iii. High power fans
As the water is sprinkled the fire gets extinguished and
the high power fans supplies fresh air by pushing the
smoke out

23. Environment Friendly
23
Water heating
 The Burj utilizes solar power
 378 panels each with an area of 2.7sq.m were
installed
 These panels have the
ability to heat 140,000 lit
of water when supplied
with just 7hrs of day light.
 This is equal to
32,000KW of energy
provided .

24. Environment Friendly
24
Condensate recovery system
 Collects water condensate from the air conditioning
system
 And diverts it to an irrigation tank
 It provides about 15 million gallons of water per year
 This water is used for irrigation of landscape around
the Burj
 Reduces water related expenses

25. Environment Friendly
25
Air ventilation
 Air ventilation provided at the top reduces the
energy consumption
 Air at the top of the building is cooler, has low
density and relatively humid
 Its ideal for ventilation
 Less energy is required to maintain the comfortable
condition

26. References
26
 www.Burjkhalifa.ae
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.slideshare.net
 www.som.com