This is a presentation for a training session for the Social Sciences Research Development Initiative (SSRDI), it is part of the Academic Skills Lectures Series.
Critical thinking is a intellectually disciplined process of actively and skilfully conceptualising, applying, synthesising and evaluating information gathered by observation, experience, reasoning or communication as a guide to belief and action.
Critical thinking is a intellectually disciplined process of actively and skilfully conceptualising, applying, synthesising and evaluating information gathered by observation, experience, reasoning or communication as a guide to belief and action.
Your Life Satisfaction Score (beta) is an indicator of how you thrive in your life: it reflects how well you shape your lifestyle, habits and behaviors to maximize your overall life satisfaction along the five following dimensions:
►1. Health & fitness, reflecting your physical well-being and healthy habits;
►2. Positive emotions & gratitude, indicating how well you embrace positive emotions;
►3. Skills & expertise, measuring the ability to grow your expertise and achieve something unique;
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Visit www.Authentic-Happiness.com to check your Life Satisfaction score. Free, no registration required.
On the importance of critical thinking skills and how to teach them - presented at the eLearning Consortium of Colorado (eLCC) Conference, April 18, 2014 - Breckenridge, CO
Critical Thinking is a widely used phrase. Business says they want Critical Thinking Skills. Educators claim that they develop Critical Thinking skills in their students. But very few articulate what they mean by Critical Thinking skills.
This presentation spells out what are the elements of Critical Thinking skills, and what one should expect to learn as a part of any Critical Thinking training. At the end of the presentation, you will have a clear understanding of the skills that go into making one a critical thinker.
A necessary skills that managers need to be equipped with. This workshop is only 3 hours including a group case study. If you need the case study material you may pm me.
Introduction to Critical Thinking SkillsHanis Razak
Definition of critical thinking, core critical thinking skills, asking questions, characteristics of critical thinkers, standard for critical thinkers and exercises.
Your Life Satisfaction Score (beta) is an indicator of how you thrive in your life: it reflects how well you shape your lifestyle, habits and behaviors to maximize your overall life satisfaction along the five following dimensions:
►1. Health & fitness, reflecting your physical well-being and healthy habits;
►2. Positive emotions & gratitude, indicating how well you embrace positive emotions;
►3. Skills & expertise, measuring the ability to grow your expertise and achieve something unique;
►4. Social skills & discovery, assessing the strength of your network and your inclination to discover the world;
►5. Leadership & meaning, gauging your compassion, generosity and how much 'you are living the life of your dream'.
Visit www.Authentic-Happiness.com to check your Life Satisfaction score. Free, no registration required.
On the importance of critical thinking skills and how to teach them - presented at the eLearning Consortium of Colorado (eLCC) Conference, April 18, 2014 - Breckenridge, CO
Critical Thinking is a widely used phrase. Business says they want Critical Thinking Skills. Educators claim that they develop Critical Thinking skills in their students. But very few articulate what they mean by Critical Thinking skills.
This presentation spells out what are the elements of Critical Thinking skills, and what one should expect to learn as a part of any Critical Thinking training. At the end of the presentation, you will have a clear understanding of the skills that go into making one a critical thinker.
A necessary skills that managers need to be equipped with. This workshop is only 3 hours including a group case study. If you need the case study material you may pm me.
Introduction to Critical Thinking SkillsHanis Razak
Definition of critical thinking, core critical thinking skills, asking questions, characteristics of critical thinkers, standard for critical thinkers and exercises.
Inductive & deductive reasoning (advance research methodology)ErTARUNKASHNI
Definition of Reasoning
Types of Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Comparison inductive vs deductive Reasoning
Literature review of advance research methodology
Standard Form ArgumentsDiscussion TitleThe central tool of.docxwhitneyleman54422
Standard Form Arguments
Discussion Title
The central tool of logic is the argument. Accordingly, constructing good arguments is the central element of this course. Each writing assignment in this course will give you an opportunity to construct and improve upon an argument that you will develop as the course progresses. This discussion post allows you to begin the process of developing your argument by presenting good reasoning on both sides of an issue.
The requirement for this discussion is a minimum of four posts on four separate days, including at least two substantive responses to peers. The total combined word count for all of your posts for this discussion, counted together, should be at least 400 words. Answer all the questions in the prompt, and read any resources that are required to complete the discussion properly. In order to satisfy the posting requirements for the week, complete your initial post by Day 3 (Thursday) and your other posts by Day 7 (Monday). We recommend that you get into the discussion early and spread out your posts over the course of the week. Reply to your classmates and instructor. Attempt to take the conversation further by responding substantively to the replies that others make to you as well. Keep the discussion on target, and analyze things in as much detail as you can.
Prepare: To prepare for this discussion, make sure to read the assigned chapters of the primary text and to review the required resources, including the videos about arguments (in the “Lectures” link on the left). Before responding to the prompt, make sure as well to participate in the interactive scenario at the top of this page titledThe Raise to gain more appreciation of the importance of constructing good arguments in life.
Reflect: Choose a topic from thePHI103 Final Paper Options list. It should be a topic that you find interesting, but also for which you will be able defend a position with careful logical reasoning. Construct the strongest argument that you can on each side of the issue. Strengthen your arguments by contemplating possible objections to each argument, and revise your arguments in light of the objections. Continue this process until you feel that your arguments for each side are as convincing as you can possibly make them.
Write: Present your two arguments (one on each side of the issue) in standard form (with each premise and conclusion on a separate line) on the topic you selected from thePHI103 Final Paper Options list. The two arguments should defend different positions on the topic. For example, if your topic was the existence of Santa Claus, then you would present one argument for the claim that Santa Claus does exist and another argument that Santa Claus does not exist. The premises of each argument will present reasons for thinking that the conclusion is true.
Here is an example of what an argument in standard form looks like:
Premise 1: If Santa Claus exists, then he lives at the North Pole.
Prem.
تصميم مبادرة اجتماعية تنموية باستخدام إطار عمل الابتكار في الخدمات العامةHuda Al Midani
يوم تدريبي من ثلاث أقسام للتدريب على تصميم مبادرات تنموية شبابية باستخدام إطار عمل الابتكار في الخدمات العامة والذي يتكون من الابتكار السياساتي (صنع السياسات) والابتكار الاجتماعي بشقيه التكنولوجي والمعتمد على نماذج أعمال جديدة
تم تقديم ورشة كتابة المقالات ضمن فعالية باسم " خطوة باحث" وهي فعالية لتدريب متطوعين وطلاب من كلية الاقتصاد لكتابة مقالات في مجلة طلابية باسم القاعدة الاقتصادية.
تتضمن الورشة تمريناً للبدء بالكتابة ثم عملية الكتابة وأقسام المقالة ومن ثم شرح عن التفكير النقدي والمغالطات النقدية
ورشة عمل تتضمن تعريف الطلاب والخريجين الجدد ومن هم في منتصف مسيرتهم المهنية بالوظائف في سوق العمل، بحيث يصبح لديهم إدراك أوسع للوظائف وأين يمكن أن يجدوها وكيف يمكن أن يحصلوا على معلومات عنها بأنفسهم وكيف يقدموا أنفسهم للشركات وكيف يمكن أن ينظموا أعمالهم في حال كان لهم دور في تأسيس منظمات جديدة
تصميم حلول لتحديات الحياة - مهارات التفكير التصميميHuda Al Midani
المحاضرة مدخل إلى مهارات التفكير التصميمي - وهي فرصة لاستخدام مهارات التصميم في حل مشاكل الحياة اليومية ، تم فيها تعريف التفكير التصميمي ومنهجياته ومهاراته وكذلك بعض القصص من الأعمال والحياة
تصميم وتنفيذ الدراسة المسحية - مشروع فسيفساءHuda Al Midani
مشروع فسيفساء برعاية جمعية الندى و المفوضية السامية للأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين
يهدف إلى القيام بتوعية الناس في المجتمعات المحلية في سوريا بأهمية الاندماج المجتمعي وضرورة الالتفات إلى التحديات الذي يعيشها المهجرون من مجتمعات محلية أخرى بسبب الحرب في مجتمعاتهم الجديدة
محاضرة عن دور وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في التنمية، تضمنت عرضاً لوسائل التواصل الاجتماعي وكيف أننا كأفراد وأسر ومؤسسات ومجتمع نستطيع استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي لزيادة فعاليتنا وتماسك أسرنا ونمو مجتمعتنا ، وأننا أمام خيار إما أن نتحكم باستخدامنا لوسائل التواصل فستفيد وننمو أو نكون فريسة للفشل والتفكك والتردي.
يتجه الناس إلى إدارة الموارد البشرية الإسلامية لأنهم يريدون تجنب الحرام وتحقيق رسالتهم الإسلامية وكذلك لضرورتها في بناء مؤسسات ناجحة، فهذا إطار نظري لإدارة الموارد البشرية بشقيها الشرعي والعملي.
تضع هذه المحاضرة القواعد الأساسية لإدارة المشاريع بطريقة سهلة واحترافية معتمدة على المعايير العاليمة
هذه محاضرة تحفيزية من أجل حث الحضور على التعلم أكثر عن إدارة المشاريع واستخدام الممارسات الأكثر أهمية لجعل العمل في منظماتهم أكثر احترافية
هذه مقدمة لموضوع الإدارة / الحكم /الحوكمة في المنظمات الاجتماعية ، نعرض فيها للتعريف و هيكلة مجلس الإدارة ومسؤولياته وكيف يستعد لتحمل المسؤولية والمحاسبة أمام المجتمع
تعرض هذه المحاضرة التفاعلية مدخلا لريادة الأعمال بدءاً من السبب وراء تأسيس الأعمال وكيف يتطور رائد العمل، ثم دور الفكرة في تأسيس المنظمة وإنتاج القيمة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية ثم تصميم المنظمات بالاستفادة من مفاهيم نموذج العمل وسلسلة القيمة وهيكلة المنظمة.
The paper by Yusuf M. Sidani (2008) summarized here presents the works of Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), one of early contributors to structure theories in Sociology, regarding his conceptualization of leadership and the role of asabiya (group feeling) in leadership phenomena emergence.
تجدون في هذا العرض تعريفاً بنموذج عمل المنظمة أو ما يعرف بموديل العمل وهي طريقة مهمة لتصميم المنظمات الربحية وغير الربحية، حيث يعطي نظرة شاملة عن أعمال المنظمة ونشاطاتها
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
1. Build Strong Arguments
Huda Al Midani
Academic Skills Lectures Series
The Social Sciences Research Development Initiative (SSRDI)
2. Agenda
• Clear Thinking
• Arguments are the language of Logic
• Four Basic Principles of Logic
• What is an Argument?
• Basic Building Blocks of Arguments
• How to Assess an Argument?
• 12 General Rules for Strong Arguments
3. Agenda
• 5 Rules for Strong Arguments about Sources
• 4 Rules for Strong Arguments about Causes
• 5 Rules for Strong Extended Arguments (5 rules)
• 6 Rules for Strong Argumentative Essays (6 rules)
• 6 Rules for Strong Oral Arguments (6 rules)
• What are The Sources of Illogical Thinking?
• What are the Forms of Illogical Thinking?
4. Let’s warm up!
This is a 10-minutes exercise,
Choose a topic,
Choose a specific subject,
Take a position (develop a thesis statement),
Try to argue (persuade us rationally) that your position is true.
8. “The whole purpose of reasoning, of logic, is to arrive at
the truth of things. This is often an arduous task, as
truth can sometimes be painfully elusive.
But not to pursue truth would be absurd, since it is the
only thing that gives meaning to all our endeavors.”
~McInerny, D.Q. 2004 Being Logical: A Guide to Good Thinking (page 19)
How much do you agree?
9. Four Basic Principles of Logic
I. THE PRINCIPLE OF IDENTITY
A thing is what it is.
II. THE PRINCIPLE OF THE EXCLUDED MIDDLE
Between being and nonbeing there is no middle state.
III. THE PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON
There is a sufficient reason for everything.
IV. THE PRINCIPLE OF CONTRADICTION
It is impossible for something both to be and not be at the same
time and in the same respect.
What about
gray areas?
Source: McInerny, D.Q. 2004
11. What is an Argument?
• Arguments is about “the inferential move, whereby we go from one
idea that is known to be true to a second idea that is recognized as
true on the force of the first idea.”
• Every argument is composed two different types of statements: a
“premise” (Supporting) statement and a “conclusion” (supported)
statement.
Premise 1 Premise 2 Conclusion+
Source: McInerny, D.Q. 2004
12. Basic Building Blocks of Arguments
1.The Move from Universal to
Particular
The Move from Particular
to Universal
Predication
Negative
Statements
Making
Comparisons
Conditional
Argument
Syllogistic
Argument
Source: McInerny, D.Q. 2004
13. 1. The Move from Universal to Particular
• every dog is carnivorous, then some dogs are carnivorous.
• If no males are mothers is true, then that some males are not
mothers is also true.”
“necessary conclusion”
“The basic rationale behind deductive reasoning is this: Starting from a
statement we know to be true (major premise), we draw out of it and
make explicit (through minor premise to conclusion) what is implied in
that initial true statement”.
Source: McInerny, D.Q. 2004
14. 2. The Move from Particular to Universal
“Some women are mothers” is a true statement. But “every woman is a
mother.” is not true.
“Not necessary conclusions” they are true as the evidence allows.
“We could say that deductive argument is analytic because it breaks a
general truth down into its constituent parts. The premises of inductive
argument are all the particular facts that go together to serve as a
collection of evidence. Those facts provide the basis for making a
reliable generalization about them.”
Source: McInerny, D.Q. 2004
15. 3. Predication
• “every statement is composed of a subject and a predicate.”
• “Predication,” then, is the idea-connecting process by which we attribute
something to something else.
. “Ulysses S. Grant was born in Ohio.” Being born in Ohio is properly
predicated of Grant because the statement reflects what is actually the
case.” it state, affirm, or assert (something) about the subject of a sentence
or an argument of proposition.
“Jane Austen wrote Persuasion in New Hampshire” is false because writing
Persuasion in New Hampshire cannot be predicated of Jane Austen.
Source: McInerny, D.Q. 2004
16. 4. Negative Statements
• “Affirmative statements” connect ideas; “negative statements”
disconnect ideas.
• “universal negative statement” disconnects ideas completely e.g“ No
philosophers are infallible”.
• “particular negative statement” disconnects ideas incompletely e.g.
Some North Dakotans do not read Dickens”.
Source: McInerny, D.Q. 2004
17. 5. Making Comparisons
• “Even a goodly number of similar significant characteristics does not make
a strong comparison if a key significant characteristic is omitted.”
• “A possesses traits R, S, T, U, V, W, X,
and Y, B possesses traits R, S, T, U, V, W, X,
and Y, A possesses trait Z,
Therefore B also possesses trait Z.”
• “I make a comparison of the two animals. I tell them that both mice and
elephants have four feet, two eyes, two ears, a mouth, a tongue, a tail, a
heart, and so on. All are significant characteristics. But in my account I
make no mention of the comparative size of the animals.”
Source: McInerny, D.Q. 2004
18. 6. Conditional Argument
• If A → B
A
Therefore, B
If Louise is running, then Louise is moving. But Louise is in fact running.
Therefore, Louise is moving.
• If A → B
-B
Therefore, -A
“If Louise is running, then she is moving.” “Louise is not moving.” Conclusion:
“Therefore, she is not running.”
Source: McInerny, D.Q. 2004
19. 7. Syllogistic Argument
• If Every M is P
Every S is M
Therefore, every S is P
• Every NFL player is a professional athlete.
The Minnesota Vikings are NFL players.
Thus, the Minnesota Vikings are professional athletes.
Source: McInerny, D.Q. 2004
20. Basic Building Blocks of Arguments
1.If all A are B,
2.Therefore, some A
are B
If some A are B,
Therefore not all A
are B
B is a predicate of A
Not all A is B
Some A is not B
If A has traits R, S,
and Y, B have traits R, S,
and Y, A have trait Z,
Therefore B also has trait Z.
If A -> B
A is true
Therefore, B is true
If Every A is B
Every C is A
Therefore, every C is B
Source: McInerny, D.Q. 2004
22. How to Assess an Argument?
• Is there an argument?
• Are the premises true? E.g. are they seductive?
• How they relate to the conclusion they seek to support? Does
conclusion follow necessarily?
• If not necessarily, but probably does that reflected in a clearly
probable conclusion?
• Do the data of the premises give strong and convincing support to the
argument?
23. Let’s Assess Our Arguments
Take a look at your argument,
Please think of ways to enhance it,
Let’s listen to each others’ lessons learned,
Please comment on other arguments,
How much do you give each one ( 1- 5)?
Who is the winner ?
24. “In the final analysis, the force of an argument depends on
the extent to which it reflects the objective order of things.
We argue well because first we reason well, and the
purpose of both arguing and reasoning is to enable us to
perform more freely and purposefully in the world”.
~McInerny, D.Q. 2004 Being Logical: A Guide to Good Thinking (page 86)
25. 12 General Rules for Strong Arguments
1. Identify premises and conclusion
2. Develop your ideas in a natural order
3. Start from reliable premises
4. Be concrete and concise
5. Build on substance, not overtone
6. Use consistent terms
Source: Weston, A. 2009
26. 12 General Rules for Strong Arguments
7. Use more than one example
8. Use representative examples
9. Background rates may be crucial
10. Statistics need a critical eye
11. Consider counterexamples
12. Analogies require relevantly similar examples
Source: Weston, A. 2009
27. 5 Rules for Strong Arguments (Sources)
13. Cite your sources
14. Seek informed sources
15. Seek impartial sources
16. Cross-check sources
17. Use the Web with care
Source: Weston, A. 2009
28. 4 Rules for Strong Arguments (Causes)
18. Causal arguments start with correlations
19. Correlations may have alternative explanations
20. Work toward the most likely explanation
21. Expect complexity
Source: Weston, A. 2009
29. 5 Rules for Strong Extended Arguments
29. Explore the issue
30. Spell out basic ideas as arguments
31. Defend basic premises with arguments of their own
32. Consider objections
33. Consider alternatives
Source: Weston, A. 2009
30. 6 Rules for Strong Argumentative Essays
34. Jump right in
35. Make a definite claim or proposal
36. Your argument is your outline
37. Detail objections and meet them
38. Get feedback and use it
39. Modesty, please!
Source: Weston, A. 2009
31. 6 Rules for Strong Oral Arguments
40. Reach out to your audience
41. Be fully present
42. Signpost your argument
43. Offer something positive
44. Use visual aids sparingly
45. End in style
Source: Weston, A. 2009
39. Are you Still Hungary?
McInerny, D.Q.. 2004. Being Logical: A Guide to Good Thinking . Random House Publishing Group. Kindle
Edition.
Weston, Anthony. 2009. A Rulebook for Arguments (Hackett Student Handbooks) . Hackett Publishing
Company, Inc.. Kindle Edition.
Many Others
Let us say I am working in my study. I hear an odd noise coming from the kitchen. I go to investigate. On the floor lie the contents of a half-gallon bottle of milk that I had carelessly left on the counter. This is an objective matter of fact: the effect. What is the cause? On the counter, I see three ants near the bottle. The ants? No, they would not have been able to bring about an effect of this magnitude. I note that my canary is out of its cage and perched on top of the refrigerator. The canary? Once again, no. The effect is beyond the capacities of the canary. Then, through the open window, I see, out in the backyard, my neighbor’s cat. Aha! Though I cannot be positive that the cat was the cause of the spilled milk, I know that a cat would at least be capable of bringing about such an effect. More investigation needs to be done, but at the moment I can at least consider the cat to be a possible cause of the spilled milk. He is under serious suspicion.
McInerny, D.Q.. Being Logical: A Guide to Good Thinking (p. 33). Random House Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.
Strong arguments is also about relating “premise” statements
Effective argument communicates a single point.
attach what are called “logical indicators” to statements in order to mark them clearly as either premises or conclusions. Common logical indicators for premises are “because,” “since,” “on account of.” Common logical indicators for conclusions are “therefore,” “thus,” “so.” More elaborate expressions can be used to announce premises (“ in view of the fact that,” etc.) and conclusions (“ it necessarily follows that,” etc.). Consider this simple explanatory argument:
McInerny, D.Q.. Being Logical: A Guide to Good Thinking (p. 48). Random House Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.