This document presents a research project on the experimental analysis of translucent concrete blocks using resin. The research aims to study the compressive strength, water permeability, and ultrasonic pulse velocity of resin translucent concrete blocks. Various materials used include cement, sand, resin, and water. The blocks were cast in wooden molds of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm size using different percentages of resin strips. The blocks were then cured and subjected to compressive strength, water permeability, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests to analyze the properties and performance of the translucent concrete blocks containing resin. The results were also compared with standard concrete blocks without resin.
This document provides an overview of self-compacting concrete (SCC). SCC is a special type of concrete that can flow under its own weight and completely fill formwork without any need for vibration or compaction. The document discusses the materials used in SCC including cement, sand, aggregates, water and various admixtures. It also covers the proportioning of SCC, its properties both fresh and hardened, required tests and the benefits and disadvantages of using SCC. In conclusion, SCC is useful for placement in congested areas where normal vibration methods cannot be used and may become the standard concrete in the future.
This document discusses quality control and durability factors in concrete. It defines quality as conformance to requirements and durability as a concrete's ability to resist deterioration when exposed to the environment. Several factors influence concrete durability, including the materials used, water-cement ratio, compaction, curing and the physical and chemical conditions of the service environment. Common durability issues include corrosion, cracking from sulfate attack or alkali-silica reaction, and carbonation reducing alkalinity. Proper quality control of materials and construction processes is needed to produce durable concrete.
1. What is Mix design.
2. Understand the different types of mix.
3. Design the mix proportion as per IS Method.
4. Design the mix proportion as per ACI Method.
This document discusses the modulus of subgrade reaction (Ks), which represents the relationship between applied stress and associated soil settlement beneath foundations. It defines Ks and describes several analytical models and methods for calculating Ks values, including plate loading tests, correlations with soil properties, and pseudo-coupled approaches that assign different Ks values depending on location beneath the foundation. Factors that influence Ks include soil type, moisture content, and foundation geometry.
The slump test is used to check the consistency and workability of concrete by measuring the amount it subsides after a slump cone is removed. The test involves placing fresh concrete in layers in a slump cone, tamping each layer with a rod, then removing the cone and measuring the distance the concrete falls. A true slump of 1-2 inches indicates low workability, 2-4 inches is medium workability, and over 4 inches is high workability. The simplicity of the slump test makes it a popular method for assessing concrete consistency in the field.
Field tests are carried out on cement at construction sites to assess quality. Some key field tests include checking for lumps, color, texture when rubbed between fingers, and reaction when mixed with water. Additional tests involve making a cement paste block, curing it for 24 hours underwater and checking for cracks, as well as casting a cement block, curing it for 7 days underwater, and loading it to check for failure. While field tests are lower cost and more convenient than laboratory tests, they only provide a rough assessment of quality and cannot measure all engineering properties.
The document discusses two tests used to measure the workability of concrete: the slump test and VEBE test. The slump test measures how much a sample of freshly mixed concrete sags or "slumps" due to gravity. The VEBE test also measures workability but uses vibration and timing to determine how long it takes for the sample to be remolded by the vibration. Both tests are affected by the amount of water in the concrete mix, with too much or too little water impacting the workability. The slump test is commonly used in the field while the VEBE test is better for dry mixes but less practical for field use.
This document discusses various concepts related to structural analysis of arches:
1. An arch is a curved girder supported at its ends, allowing only vertical and horizontal displacements for arch action.
2. The general cable theorem relates the horizontal tension and vertical distance from any cable point to the cable chord moment.
3. Arches are classified based on support conditions (3, 2, or 1 hinged) or shape (curved, parabolic, elliptical, polygonal).
4. Horizontal thrust in arches reduces the bending moment and is calculated differently for various arch types (e.g. parabolic) and loading (e.g. UDL).
This document provides an overview of self-compacting concrete (SCC). SCC is a special type of concrete that can flow under its own weight and completely fill formwork without any need for vibration or compaction. The document discusses the materials used in SCC including cement, sand, aggregates, water and various admixtures. It also covers the proportioning of SCC, its properties both fresh and hardened, required tests and the benefits and disadvantages of using SCC. In conclusion, SCC is useful for placement in congested areas where normal vibration methods cannot be used and may become the standard concrete in the future.
This document discusses quality control and durability factors in concrete. It defines quality as conformance to requirements and durability as a concrete's ability to resist deterioration when exposed to the environment. Several factors influence concrete durability, including the materials used, water-cement ratio, compaction, curing and the physical and chemical conditions of the service environment. Common durability issues include corrosion, cracking from sulfate attack or alkali-silica reaction, and carbonation reducing alkalinity. Proper quality control of materials and construction processes is needed to produce durable concrete.
1. What is Mix design.
2. Understand the different types of mix.
3. Design the mix proportion as per IS Method.
4. Design the mix proportion as per ACI Method.
This document discusses the modulus of subgrade reaction (Ks), which represents the relationship between applied stress and associated soil settlement beneath foundations. It defines Ks and describes several analytical models and methods for calculating Ks values, including plate loading tests, correlations with soil properties, and pseudo-coupled approaches that assign different Ks values depending on location beneath the foundation. Factors that influence Ks include soil type, moisture content, and foundation geometry.
The slump test is used to check the consistency and workability of concrete by measuring the amount it subsides after a slump cone is removed. The test involves placing fresh concrete in layers in a slump cone, tamping each layer with a rod, then removing the cone and measuring the distance the concrete falls. A true slump of 1-2 inches indicates low workability, 2-4 inches is medium workability, and over 4 inches is high workability. The simplicity of the slump test makes it a popular method for assessing concrete consistency in the field.
Field tests are carried out on cement at construction sites to assess quality. Some key field tests include checking for lumps, color, texture when rubbed between fingers, and reaction when mixed with water. Additional tests involve making a cement paste block, curing it for 24 hours underwater and checking for cracks, as well as casting a cement block, curing it for 7 days underwater, and loading it to check for failure. While field tests are lower cost and more convenient than laboratory tests, they only provide a rough assessment of quality and cannot measure all engineering properties.
The document discusses two tests used to measure the workability of concrete: the slump test and VEBE test. The slump test measures how much a sample of freshly mixed concrete sags or "slumps" due to gravity. The VEBE test also measures workability but uses vibration and timing to determine how long it takes for the sample to be remolded by the vibration. Both tests are affected by the amount of water in the concrete mix, with too much or too little water impacting the workability. The slump test is commonly used in the field while the VEBE test is better for dry mixes but less practical for field use.
This document discusses various concepts related to structural analysis of arches:
1. An arch is a curved girder supported at its ends, allowing only vertical and horizontal displacements for arch action.
2. The general cable theorem relates the horizontal tension and vertical distance from any cable point to the cable chord moment.
3. Arches are classified based on support conditions (3, 2, or 1 hinged) or shape (curved, parabolic, elliptical, polygonal).
4. Horizontal thrust in arches reduces the bending moment and is calculated differently for various arch types (e.g. parabolic) and loading (e.g. UDL).
introduction
types of hollow slab systems
bubble deck slab??
materials used
types of bubble deck slab
schematic design
structural properties
production and carryout
advantages,disadvantages
applications
The document presents research on cellular lightweight concrete (CLC), which has a lower density than normal concrete. It discusses three types of CLC production, advantages like reduced weight and costs, and applications for roofs, walls, and insulation. A case study is described that partially replaced coarse aggregate with pumice aggregate in concrete mixes. Testing showed compressive strength was highest at 60% replacement, making CLC a viable alternative to normal concrete for some non-load-bearing applications.
you would be aware about the different types of special concrete being used in india.All these types of concrete are being produced by ultratech concrete, for more details visit www.ultratechconcrete.com/concrete_types.html
This document discusses materials and tests for subgrade soil, aggregates, and bitumen used in road construction. It outlines desirable properties for subgrade soil and various tests for aggregates, including impact, crushing, specific gravity, water absorption, and abrasion tests. Several required tests for bitumen are listed, such as penetration, ductility, softening point, specific gravity, and flash point tests. Cutback bitumen and bituminous emulsions used in road construction are also described. Various tests conducted on emulsions include residue on sieving, stability, water content, sedimentation, and viscosity.
Light weight concrete with partial sand with wooden powderparmarrahul59
This document summarizes a project on producing lightweight concrete using wooden powder. Various mixtures were tested by replacing sand with wooden powder at percentages ranging from 5% to 25%. Testing showed that as the percentage of wooden powder increased, the weight and compressive strength of the concrete cubes decreased. The greatest weight reduction of over 30% and strength reduction of over 95% was observed when sand was replaced with 25% wooden powder. The study concluded that wooden powder can effectively reduce the weight of concrete but also reduces the strength, with higher replacement percentages causing greater strength loss.
This document discusses ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), a byproduct of steel production that can be used in concrete production. It has several benefits over traditional Portland cement concrete including greater strength, durability, and sustainability. GGBFS concrete exhibits improved sulfate and chloride resistance, reduces temperatures in large pours, and results in a lighter colored, smoother finish. It also enhances workability and pumpability while requiring less water. Overall, incorporating GGBFS in concrete delivers higher performance while reducing costs and environmental impact.
This document discusses fresh concrete and factors that affect its workability. It describes workability as the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, and compacted. Key factors that influence workability include water content, aggregate size and shape, admixtures, aggregate surface texture, and aggregate grading. Common tests to measure workability are the slump test, compacting factor test, and VeeBee consistometer test. The document also covers segregation and bleeding of concrete, their causes, and methods to prevent them.
This document provides information on the conventional asphalt mix design process. It discusses the key steps, which include selecting aggregates based on specified properties, determining the aggregate gradation, proportioning aggregates to meet the gradation, selecting a suitable bitumen, preparing specimens, conducting density-void analysis and measuring stability and flow to determine the optimum bitumen content. Specimens are compacted using a Marshall compactor and tested for properties like stability, flow and density at different bitumen contents to establish the job mix formula.
The document outlines 8 steps for designing the structure of a building: 1) selecting a building plan, 2) drawing the plan in AutoCAD, 3) calculating loads, 4) creating a STAAD model, 5) sizing columns and beams, 6) entering loads, 7) selecting materials, and 8) designing structural elements. It then provides details on load calculations, beam sizes and reinforcement, and column sizes for a sample college building design.
M sand difference between river sand and m sand & Manufactured sand- properti...Denish Jangid
Manufactured sand (M-Sand) is produced by crushing granite stone in impact crushers. It is a substitute for river sand in concrete construction. M-Sand has cubical shapes with grounded edges and is washed and graded to less than 4.75mm. It is used as river sand deposits are being depleted and M-Sand addresses issues like availability, transportation costs, and quality variations in river sand. M-Sand improves the strength, durability, and workability of concrete while reducing construction defects and costs. It is a more sustainable alternative to river sand for concrete.
This document discusses using a scientific approach to determine the workability of concrete by measuring its rheological properties. It outlines that workability is traditionally determined through empirical tests like slump tests, which have limitations. Rheology allows measurement of yield stress and plastic viscosity, parameters that better describe concrete flow. Various rheometers are described that can measure these properties, like coaxial cylinder and parallel plate devices. Factors influencing concrete rheology are also discussed. The document concludes workability should be evaluated based on rheological measurements to address limitations of empirical tests.
This document summarizes the key aspects of translucent concrete, also known as light transmitting concrete or LitraCon. It was first developed in 2003 by Hungarian architect Aron Losonzi. The concrete becomes translucent through the uniform distribution of thin optical fibers throughout the material. As light passes through the fibers, it is transmitted across the concrete through the process of total internal reflection. The manufacturing process involves casting thousands of parallel optical fibers directly into the concrete mixture. This allows light to pass through the material while maintaining its compressive strength. Some applications of translucent concrete include illuminated sidewalks, building walls, and stairwells.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
High volume fly ash concrete is a concrete where a replacement of about 35% or more of cement is made with the usage of fly ash.
Fly ash concrete is an eco-friendly construction material in which fly ash replaces a part of Portland cement.
Aggregates blending, blending aggregates by graphical method, concrete mix design, concrete technology, what is aggregates blending, what is blending, methods of blending, how to blend aggregates, civil engineering
Deep foundations are used when the bearing stratum is located at a significant depth below the surface. The most common types of deep foundations are pile foundations, cofferdams, and caisson foundations. Pile foundations support structures using vertical piles that transfer loads either through end bearing or skin friction. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or a composite. Cofferdams are temporary structures used to exclude water from a construction site to allow work below the water level. Common types include earthfill, rockfill, single-walled, and cellular cofferdams. Caissons are watertight structures that become part of the permanent foundation. Types are open caissons, box caissons
1) The document discusses a student project on the preparation and study of transparent concrete.
2) Transparent concrete is made by replacing aggregates with transparent materials like optical fibers or resins to allow light transmission.
3) The project aims to prepare transparent concrete samples and test their physical and structural properties like compressive strength and transparency.
This document summarizes a study of permeable concrete pavement conducted by students. It includes an introduction to permeable pavement and its benefits. The materials required for permeable concrete are described, such as cement, aggregates, fly ash and water. Tests conducted on the materials include compression testing of concrete specimens, aggregate abrasion testing, and water absorption testing. The design of permeable pavement systems and the structural design process are overviewed. Installation and maintenance of permeable concrete are also summarized. Experimental results on concrete compressive strength are shown. Further work is identified, and references are provided.
Non destructive testing in civil engineeringMAADASWAMY U
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for assessing existing structures. It describes several NDT techniques including visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiography, and rebound hammer testing. Each method is able to detect different types of defects without damaging the material. NDT provides benefits like enabling further usage of the tested object and maintaining statistical data for future reference. Common applications of NDT include flaw detection, leak detection, and evaluating dimensions or internal structure.
The document describes a study on transparent concrete. Transparent concrete is made by adding glass rods to a concrete mix. The study aims to design translucent concrete blocks with 1-5% glass rods by weight and analyze the blocks' physical and engineering properties compared to conventional concrete blocks. The results show the transparent concrete blocks have 5-10% higher initial compressive strength at 7 days and 10-15% higher at 28 days for mixes up to 3% glass rods. Strength decreases with glass rod content above 3%. The document provides details on the materials, methodology, tests conducted and results obtained in the study.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Transmission of Light in Green Build...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on developing translucent concrete by adding plastic optical fibers to concrete mixtures. The objectives were to determine a suitable self-compacting concrete mix, develop an effective casting procedure, and examine how light transmission varies with fiber diameter and percentage. Tests found that a mix with a cement to fine aggregate to coarse aggregate ratio of 1:1.08:1.64 achieved sufficient strength. Light transmission increased with larger diameter fibers and higher fiber percentages, with 3mm diameter fibers transmitting over 4 lux of light at 9.04% fiber content. The research demonstrates that translucent concrete can effectively transmit daylight through structures to reduce energy usage.
introduction
types of hollow slab systems
bubble deck slab??
materials used
types of bubble deck slab
schematic design
structural properties
production and carryout
advantages,disadvantages
applications
The document presents research on cellular lightweight concrete (CLC), which has a lower density than normal concrete. It discusses three types of CLC production, advantages like reduced weight and costs, and applications for roofs, walls, and insulation. A case study is described that partially replaced coarse aggregate with pumice aggregate in concrete mixes. Testing showed compressive strength was highest at 60% replacement, making CLC a viable alternative to normal concrete for some non-load-bearing applications.
you would be aware about the different types of special concrete being used in india.All these types of concrete are being produced by ultratech concrete, for more details visit www.ultratechconcrete.com/concrete_types.html
This document discusses materials and tests for subgrade soil, aggregates, and bitumen used in road construction. It outlines desirable properties for subgrade soil and various tests for aggregates, including impact, crushing, specific gravity, water absorption, and abrasion tests. Several required tests for bitumen are listed, such as penetration, ductility, softening point, specific gravity, and flash point tests. Cutback bitumen and bituminous emulsions used in road construction are also described. Various tests conducted on emulsions include residue on sieving, stability, water content, sedimentation, and viscosity.
Light weight concrete with partial sand with wooden powderparmarrahul59
This document summarizes a project on producing lightweight concrete using wooden powder. Various mixtures were tested by replacing sand with wooden powder at percentages ranging from 5% to 25%. Testing showed that as the percentage of wooden powder increased, the weight and compressive strength of the concrete cubes decreased. The greatest weight reduction of over 30% and strength reduction of over 95% was observed when sand was replaced with 25% wooden powder. The study concluded that wooden powder can effectively reduce the weight of concrete but also reduces the strength, with higher replacement percentages causing greater strength loss.
This document discusses ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), a byproduct of steel production that can be used in concrete production. It has several benefits over traditional Portland cement concrete including greater strength, durability, and sustainability. GGBFS concrete exhibits improved sulfate and chloride resistance, reduces temperatures in large pours, and results in a lighter colored, smoother finish. It also enhances workability and pumpability while requiring less water. Overall, incorporating GGBFS in concrete delivers higher performance while reducing costs and environmental impact.
This document discusses fresh concrete and factors that affect its workability. It describes workability as the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, and compacted. Key factors that influence workability include water content, aggregate size and shape, admixtures, aggregate surface texture, and aggregate grading. Common tests to measure workability are the slump test, compacting factor test, and VeeBee consistometer test. The document also covers segregation and bleeding of concrete, their causes, and methods to prevent them.
This document provides information on the conventional asphalt mix design process. It discusses the key steps, which include selecting aggregates based on specified properties, determining the aggregate gradation, proportioning aggregates to meet the gradation, selecting a suitable bitumen, preparing specimens, conducting density-void analysis and measuring stability and flow to determine the optimum bitumen content. Specimens are compacted using a Marshall compactor and tested for properties like stability, flow and density at different bitumen contents to establish the job mix formula.
The document outlines 8 steps for designing the structure of a building: 1) selecting a building plan, 2) drawing the plan in AutoCAD, 3) calculating loads, 4) creating a STAAD model, 5) sizing columns and beams, 6) entering loads, 7) selecting materials, and 8) designing structural elements. It then provides details on load calculations, beam sizes and reinforcement, and column sizes for a sample college building design.
M sand difference between river sand and m sand & Manufactured sand- properti...Denish Jangid
Manufactured sand (M-Sand) is produced by crushing granite stone in impact crushers. It is a substitute for river sand in concrete construction. M-Sand has cubical shapes with grounded edges and is washed and graded to less than 4.75mm. It is used as river sand deposits are being depleted and M-Sand addresses issues like availability, transportation costs, and quality variations in river sand. M-Sand improves the strength, durability, and workability of concrete while reducing construction defects and costs. It is a more sustainable alternative to river sand for concrete.
This document discusses using a scientific approach to determine the workability of concrete by measuring its rheological properties. It outlines that workability is traditionally determined through empirical tests like slump tests, which have limitations. Rheology allows measurement of yield stress and plastic viscosity, parameters that better describe concrete flow. Various rheometers are described that can measure these properties, like coaxial cylinder and parallel plate devices. Factors influencing concrete rheology are also discussed. The document concludes workability should be evaluated based on rheological measurements to address limitations of empirical tests.
This document summarizes the key aspects of translucent concrete, also known as light transmitting concrete or LitraCon. It was first developed in 2003 by Hungarian architect Aron Losonzi. The concrete becomes translucent through the uniform distribution of thin optical fibers throughout the material. As light passes through the fibers, it is transmitted across the concrete through the process of total internal reflection. The manufacturing process involves casting thousands of parallel optical fibers directly into the concrete mixture. This allows light to pass through the material while maintaining its compressive strength. Some applications of translucent concrete include illuminated sidewalks, building walls, and stairwells.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
High volume fly ash concrete is a concrete where a replacement of about 35% or more of cement is made with the usage of fly ash.
Fly ash concrete is an eco-friendly construction material in which fly ash replaces a part of Portland cement.
Aggregates blending, blending aggregates by graphical method, concrete mix design, concrete technology, what is aggregates blending, what is blending, methods of blending, how to blend aggregates, civil engineering
Deep foundations are used when the bearing stratum is located at a significant depth below the surface. The most common types of deep foundations are pile foundations, cofferdams, and caisson foundations. Pile foundations support structures using vertical piles that transfer loads either through end bearing or skin friction. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or a composite. Cofferdams are temporary structures used to exclude water from a construction site to allow work below the water level. Common types include earthfill, rockfill, single-walled, and cellular cofferdams. Caissons are watertight structures that become part of the permanent foundation. Types are open caissons, box caissons
1) The document discusses a student project on the preparation and study of transparent concrete.
2) Transparent concrete is made by replacing aggregates with transparent materials like optical fibers or resins to allow light transmission.
3) The project aims to prepare transparent concrete samples and test their physical and structural properties like compressive strength and transparency.
This document summarizes a study of permeable concrete pavement conducted by students. It includes an introduction to permeable pavement and its benefits. The materials required for permeable concrete are described, such as cement, aggregates, fly ash and water. Tests conducted on the materials include compression testing of concrete specimens, aggregate abrasion testing, and water absorption testing. The design of permeable pavement systems and the structural design process are overviewed. Installation and maintenance of permeable concrete are also summarized. Experimental results on concrete compressive strength are shown. Further work is identified, and references are provided.
Non destructive testing in civil engineeringMAADASWAMY U
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for assessing existing structures. It describes several NDT techniques including visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiography, and rebound hammer testing. Each method is able to detect different types of defects without damaging the material. NDT provides benefits like enabling further usage of the tested object and maintaining statistical data for future reference. Common applications of NDT include flaw detection, leak detection, and evaluating dimensions or internal structure.
The document describes a study on transparent concrete. Transparent concrete is made by adding glass rods to a concrete mix. The study aims to design translucent concrete blocks with 1-5% glass rods by weight and analyze the blocks' physical and engineering properties compared to conventional concrete blocks. The results show the transparent concrete blocks have 5-10% higher initial compressive strength at 7 days and 10-15% higher at 28 days for mixes up to 3% glass rods. Strength decreases with glass rod content above 3%. The document provides details on the materials, methodology, tests conducted and results obtained in the study.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Transmission of Light in Green Build...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on developing translucent concrete by adding plastic optical fibers to concrete mixtures. The objectives were to determine a suitable self-compacting concrete mix, develop an effective casting procedure, and examine how light transmission varies with fiber diameter and percentage. Tests found that a mix with a cement to fine aggregate to coarse aggregate ratio of 1:1.08:1.64 achieved sufficient strength. Light transmission increased with larger diameter fibers and higher fiber percentages, with 3mm diameter fibers transmitting over 4 lux of light at 9.04% fiber content. The research demonstrates that translucent concrete can effectively transmit daylight through structures to reduce energy usage.
The document discusses development and study of light transmitting concrete using optical and glass fibers. It provides a literature review on previous studies and discusses the objectives, methodology, results and conclusions of the present study. The methodology involved designing concrete mixes with different percentages of optical and glass fibers and testing the fresh and hardened properties. The results showed that compressive strength increased gradually with fiber content up to 1.25% optical fiber and decreased at 1.75%. The optimum mix was found to be 1.25% optical fiber and 0.5% glass fiber, gaining the highest compressive strength of 54 MPa at 90 days.
Experimental study on strength and durability properties of Transparent concreteDurga Raghavi Tripurasetty
The document summarizes an experimental study on the strength and durability properties of transparent concrete. It outlines the objectives of the study which included designing an M25 grade transparent concrete mix and evaluating its properties in fresh and hardened states. The study found that as the percentage of plastic optical fibers in the transparent concrete increased from 2.5% to 4%, the slump, weight, compressive strength, and split tensile strength of the hardened concrete also increased compared to conventional concrete without fibers. At 28 days, the compressive strength was up to 10% higher for transparent concrete with 4% fibers compared to conventional concrete. Thus, the addition of plastic optical fibers improved the strength properties of the transparent concrete.
Transparent concrete as an eco-friendly material for buildinginventionjournals
Engineers have now developed concrete mixtures that are capable of transmitting light. By switching the ingredients of traditional concrete with transparent ones, or embedding fibre optics, translucent concrete has become a reality. Light Transmitting concrete, also known as translucent concrete. The main purpose was to use sunlight as a light source in order to reduce the power consumption of illumination. Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transmissive properties, obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibres in it. Light is conducted through the stone from one end to the other. Translucent concrete is also used in the smart construction. Therefore the fibres have to go through the whole object. Transparent concrete is also known as the translucent concrete and light transmitting concrete because of its properties. It is used in fine architecture as a facade material and for cladding of interior walls. Light transmitting concrete is one of the fibre reinforced concrete which is used for aesthetic application by incorporating the optical fibres in concrete. Optical fibres are one which helps for transmission of light through fibre. The end-lite type of fibre is used to increase the aesthetic appearance of the concrete. The concept of light transmitting concrete is like a transparent concrete. When it is used in ceiling or side wall, it is exposed to direct sun light which transmit the image but not completely transparent. In this paper the smart translucent concrete can be regarded as a green energy saving construction material. It is a promising technology for field applications in civil Infrastructure.
This document provides a brief literature review of light transmitting concrete. It discusses how light transmitting concrete allows both artificial and natural light to pass through it due to optical fibers embedded in the concrete. The fibers are made of glass or plastic and transmit light via internal reflection. Several previous studies are summarized that examined the material properties and performance of light transmitting concrete, finding that it can provide lighting while maintaining similar strength as ordinary concrete. The document concludes that light transmitting concrete has potential applications in construction and environmental fields by saving energy compared to traditional lighting methods.
IRJET- Light Transfer through Concrete by using Optical Fibre-A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using optical fibers in concrete to allow natural and artificial light to pass through. It discusses how population growth and increased construction is obstructing natural light access. Concrete mixed with optical fibers can transmit light while maintaining similar strength properties as traditional concrete. The document reviews several past studies that tested the compressive and flexural strength of fiber-mixed concrete cubes at various fiber percentages and curing periods. Results showed fiber concrete maintained or increased strength compared to traditional concrete while gaining the light transmitting ability.
IRJET - Design and Experimental Study on Transparent ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on transparent concrete, which is concrete reinforced with optical fibers to transmit light. It discusses how transparent concrete can reduce energy consumption by allowing natural light to pass through structures. The document reviews several previous studies that tested the compressive strength and light transmission properties of transparent concrete with varying percentages of optical fibers. The studies found that transparent concrete can achieve similar strength as regular concrete while guiding light through reflection of the embedded optical fibers. Transparent concrete has potential applications in green building construction and reducing energy use.
This document discusses the use of nanotechnology to improve the properties of concrete. It describes how the addition of nano-particles like carbon nanotubes, nano-silica, and polycarboxylates can enhance qualities such as strength, workability, and curing time. These nano-additives fill pores, improve bonding, and increase viscosity. Concrete mixed with such nanomaterials requires less water and curing time while achieving greater strength and durability. The document also reviews the properties and effects of specific nanomaterials used to reinforce concrete.
This document discusses transparent concrete, which is produced by embedding parallel optical fibers in concrete. This allows natural light to pass through exterior walls, reducing energy consumption. Transparent concrete has mechanical properties similar to conventional concrete but is more expensive due to the fibers. It has applications in interior and exterior building materials where natural light is needed. While costly now, transparent concrete may become more affordable and durable in the future as the technology develops.
An Experimental Study on Translucent ConcreteSyedAzam37
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on translucent concrete. It begins with an introduction defining translucent concrete as a light-transmitting concrete material made by uniformly distributing optical fibers throughout. It then reviews literature on previous studies conducted on translucent concrete. The objectives, principles, materials used, manufacturing process, and tests conducted are described. Results from compressive strength, durability, and light transmissibility tests are summarized. Finally, the advantages, disadvantages, examples of applications, and references are presented.
Use of Over-Burnt Bricks as Coarse aggregate in ConcreteEditorIJAERD
In modern construction industry number of materials are used and one of the materials is Brick. Regular
bricks are generally used in buildings or in some other engineering applications. In manufacturing of these bricks, a lot
of waste is produced in the form of over- burnt-bricks. The bricks being near to the fire in the furnace receives a
temperature more heat and eventually shrink and loose its shape, its color becomes reddish. These bricks can’t be used
in construction, directly because of their distorted shape dark color. hose over-burnt brick could be a source of recycled
coarse aggregate. The primary goal of this paper is to assess the suitability of incorporating over-burnt bricks in
concrete, by the partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with overburnt brick aggregate (OBBA) in a
ratio of 20%, 50%, and 100%. Initially, mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57 was selected. By replacing NCA with
OBBA while using mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57, the resulting concrete was found non-mixable and nonworkable. Thus, mix was designed (for targeted strength of 4ksi) for all replacement percentages. Slump test was
conducted for each replacement and the results show that by increasing replacement percentage the workability of
concrete decreases. the slump values are in between the range of 3–1.5 inches. For compressive strength the cylindrical
specimens of 6" x 12" were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days. For 20% replacement, the loss in compressive strength is 42.16%
for 3 days and for 7 and 28 days the loss is 46.96% and 61.37% respectively. For 50 % replacement, the loss in strength
for 3, 7 and 28 days is 29.73%, 30.87% and 58.29% respectively. For 100% replacement, the loss in strength for 3, 7 and
28 days is 48.65%, 55.65% and 69.19%.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Translucent Concrete by using Plastic Opt...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental analysis of translucent concrete made using plastic optical fibers. Translucent concrete allows light to pass through it due to the inclusion of plastic optical fibers in the cement mixture. The study produced concrete blocks with different mixtures of cement, fly ash, sand and optical fibers. The compressive strength and light transmittance of the blocks were then tested and compared to normal concrete. The results showed that the compressive strength of translucent concrete was similar to normal concrete, while the blocks were able to transmit light through themselves due to the optical fibers.
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1. A
PRESENTATION
ON
AN EXPERIMENTALANALYSIS OF TRANSLUCENT
CONCRETE BLOCK USING RESIN
SUBMITTED BY:
SUHOTRA GUPTA.
MCMN1CT18009
GUIDED BY:
ASST PROF. Mr. SOHIT AGARWAL.
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.
CIVIL ENGINEERING
M.TECH
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
2. CONTENTS
• ABSTRACT.
• INTRODUCTION.
• OBJECTIVES.
• LITERATURE REVIEWS.
• MATERIALS USED FOR TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE BLOCK USING RESIN.
• METHODOLOGY.
• TESTS CONDUCTED.
• RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.
• CALCULATIONS.
• RATE ANALYSIS.
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
• SCOPE OF FUTURE STUDY.
• CONCLUSION.
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
• REFERENCES.
3. Abstract
Concrete masonry unit or the concrete block plays an important role in the
construction industry. Light translucent concrete is one of the most
innovative technology that are introduced recently in the construction
industry. The main motive of the translucent concrete block is to save the
artificial energy and maximum use of the natural sunlight during day time.
In the research work resin is used as a medium in the concrete block that is
commonly used for construction purpose. This translucent concrete block
is formed by Resin, Cement, Sand and required amount of water according
to water cement ratio. In this research for experimental and analysis point
of view 150mm x 150mm x 150 mm size wooden mould were used for
the casting of this blocks. The ratio of cement and sand which is taken
for the preparation of specimen is 1:5 as per IS Code 2185.1:2005. The
water cement ratio are kept 0.5 for the preparation of the material.
4. INTRODUCTION
Resin based translucent concrete blocks mainly used for partition wall in the
green building and it is one of the most newest materials with various types
of applications in the architecture, decoration and even construction
purpose.
6. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE
OBJECTIVES:
• To study the compressive strength of resin translucent concrete block.
• To study the water permeability of resin translucent concrete block.
• To study the ultrasonic pulse velocity test of resin translucent concrete
block.
• To check the light transmittance of resin translucent concrete block by
Lux meter.
7. LITERATURE REVIEW
Shen Juan and Zhou Zhi (2019)
In this research paper it has been observed that the researcher used the diameter of the resin
cylindrical rod which was 22 mm and the length was 20 mm, 60 mm, and 105 mm in
diameter. The light guide had excellent light transmittance which can be as high as 93%
within the thickness of 100 mm and the light transmittance is 60% with the thickness
exceeding 100 mm. The•
Compressive strength of the resin translucent concrete block
decreased with the increase of content of the resin respectively and when the area ratio was
within the 5%, the compressive strength of resin concrete was close to plain concrete.
Shradha Nimbalkar (2019)
In this research work it have seen that the light-transmitting concrete is an excellent
constructional material. It was observed that the compressive strength of translucent
concrete is increased by 4% optical fibres and decreased by 5% optical fiber but it is also
found that when we increased the percentage of the optical fiber from 2% to 3%, light
intensity increased and was high during the time of afternoon. It is also seen that the
changes in surface area of concrete block lead to the decrease in the light intensity. Light
transmitting concrete gives good aesthetic views to the buildings and is energy efficiently.
The cost of light-transmitting concrete isalso rather high but cost is justified because of its
useful advantages.
8. LITERATURE REVIEW
Nawaz Shakeel (2019)
In this research it hass been found that the transmission of light in the block
depends upon the amount of plastic optical fibers used. When we increases the
number of fibers in a sample the light transmission increase but at the same time
rather the compressive strength decreases.
9. LITERATURE REVIEW
Poornima D (2019)
In this research it has been studied that the researcher find the compressive strength of light
transmitting concrete with 10% replacement of the cement by silica fume has been
increased by 17.13% than that of conventional concrete and also saw that the compressive
strength of light transmitting concrete with 15% replacement of cement by silica fume has
been increased by 22.76% than that of conventional concrete. The researcher also examined
that the split tensile strength of concrete with 10% replacement of the cement by silica
fume increased by the 13.61% compared to ordinary one. This it can be used sufficiently
and can helps in the consumption of electricity.
Aniket Yadav, Shubham Shekhar, Abhishek Anan, Akashdeep Badal, Dr.Bushra Zaman
(2018)
Compressive strength of the translucent concrete decreases with the increase in the
percentage of optical fiber. But compressive strength can be improved by adding small
proportion of rice husk and steel fiber. POF-based transparent concrete can be used as an
art which could be used in museums, commercial buildings, hospitals, and specific
exhibitions rather than just a construction material so that the consumption of electricity can
takes place.
10. LITERATURE REVIEW
Shreyas (2018)
In this research it has been found that there is an 5% to 10% increase in
initial compressive strength for 7 days & also increase 10% to 15% in
initial compressive strength for 28 days to an optical fibers mix up to 3%.
But on the other hand the initial & final characteristic compressive strength
gradually decreases with an increase in Optical fibers in the concrete mix.
The transparent concrete made with plastic optical fibres finds its
applications mainly in partition wall rather than structural element such as
columns and beams. The researcher concluded that the Optical fibers can be
used in concrete mix up to 5% replacement will give an excellent results
both in strength & quality aspects.
11. LITERATURE REVIEW
Dhevam Shah (2018)
In this research it has been studied that the researcher used optical fibers as it’s important
basic materials for making to translucent concrete in which they tested the concrete for
compressive strength for 7,14 and 28days and found that the 40% more strength compare
to the cube which does not contain optical fibers. They also get that 70% light
transmission using optical fibers in concrete blocks.
Abdel Majeed (2016)
In this research it has been studied that the researcher that the compressive strength with
the standard concrete mix samples was found to be 26.52 N/mm2, and adding POF to the
concrete has a variable impact on the compressive strength, and with the greatest
improvement 34.16 N/mm2 with POF concrete with using fibres of 1.5 mm diameter
spaced 10 mm apart for a percentage of 1.43% of fibers, and based on the results of the
UPV test in the concrete samples, it is very much clear that the compressive strength of
the specimens increased with time. The maximum amount of the light that passing
through the cubes was 75.53 Lux using fibers of 1.5 mm diameter spaces 10 mm apart for
a percentage of 1.43% of fibers.
12. LITERATURE REVIEW
Nikhil K (2016)
In this research paper it has been seen that the translucent block is used in many
ways and implement into many ways and be highly advantageous, in this
experiment it is observed that the if the percentage of optical fibers increased then
the compressive strength decreases. It can be concluded that the strength of the
translucent concrete is inversely proportional to the light transmission of the
concrete. Transparent concrete acquires the maximum effects when used in
environment with a high degree of light contrast such as this illuminated table in a
dimly lit room.
13. MATERIALS USED FOR TRANSLUCENT
CONCRETE BLOCK USING RESIN
• ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT (OPC):
In this research work Ultratech OPC cement is used which comes under IS
Code:8112:1989 for 43 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement for the
preparation of resin translucent concrete block.
14. S. NO PARTICULA
RS
VALUES
1. Specific
Gravity
3.15
2. Initial
setting time
30min
3. Final
setting time
600min
4. Fineness 300 m3/kg
5. Fineness
modulus
2-7%
PROPERTIES OFORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT
(OPC):
15. MATERIALS USED FOR TRANSLUCENT
CONCRETE BLOCK USING RESIN
• FINE AGGREGATES:
River sand is used as an fine aggregates for this research work for the
preparation of resin translucent concrete block. There are various categories
of river sand but for the preparation of this resin translucent concrete block
Zone-I river sand is used which is easily available in the market in cheaper
rate. River sand is one of the most important ingredient like cement which is
used for the manufacturing of the resin translucent concrete block.
17. MATERIALS USED FOR TRANSLUCENT
CONCRETE BLOCK USING RESIN
• RESIN:
Resin is the main ingredients that are used for the preparation of the
translucent concrete block. Resin plays an vital role in the transmission of
the sunlight light through the concrete block as resin is transparent material
by which sunlight can easily penetrate through the resin strip, which
commonly helps the building for the minimum use of artificial light during
day time where sunlight cannot able enters and maximum use of natural
sunlight which helps the consumption of energy. The grade of Resin which
is used in this experiment for the preparation of resin strips is Lapox B-47
Resin and Curing Hardner AH-714. Diameter of Resin Strip Used is 5
mm.
S.NO DESCRIPTION RESIN (VALUE) HARDNER (VALUE)
1. Colour Clear liquid Yellowish brown
2. Viscosity 450-650 500-1000
3. Density 1.15-1.17 0.96-0.98
4. Specific
Gravity
1.8 1.08-1.10
19. MATERIALS USED FOR TRANSLUCENT
CONCRETE BLOCK USING RESIN
• WATER:
Water is one of the most important and key ingredients which when mixed
with the cement forms a paste that binds the aggregates together and also
maintain the water cement ratio and helps in the workability of the cement
mortar paste. Portable water which is easily available in the laboratory are
used for casting of all the specimen of resin translucent concrete block of
desired shape and size. In these experimental analysis 0.5% water cement
ratio was used.
20. METHODOLOGY
• PREPARATION OF MOULD FOR CASTING:
The mould required for the prototype for the making of block should be
made up of various types of easily available material like either tin, wood ,
plywood . In this research work 150 mm x150 mm x150mm size of ply
wooden mould is used in which the cement sand mortar and resin strips is
casted for the manufacture of resin translucent concrete block. For the
experiment like compressive strength , water permeability, UPSV test of
resin translucent mortar concrete block the standard size of block should
be 150 mm x150 mm x150mm as IS:2185.1:2005, IS:3085-1965.
23. METHODOLOGY
• PROPORTIONING AND MIXING OF MATERIALS:
In this research work mix ratio of 1:5 (cement : river sand) is used. The
water cement ratio of 0.5 is adopted as per requirement. The materials is
mixed thoroughly with proper water cement ratio for the manufacture of
the block. Also used various percentage of resin strips in the mortar
concrete block according to its weight i.e 0.6%, 1.2% and 1.8%.
26. METHODOLOGY
• PREPARATION AND ARRANGEMENT OF RESIN STRIPS IN MOULD:
The resin and the hardner proportion will be 1:2 ratio. In the making of resin
strips first of all the mixture of resin and the hardner is mixed thoroughly in
desired proportion otherwise the hardening of the resin strips will not take
place properly. The casting of resin will take place by the help of water level
tube which is 5mm diameter. Filling of resin in this transparent tube with
the help of syringe and keep it for 24 hour so that it can gain its strength and
hardened enough. After this resin gets hardened , cut the tube into desired
length of 160mm as the size of the cube is 150mm x150mm x 150mm so
keep 10mm more so that the resin strips can look easily from outside which
helps the sunlight to penetrate through this resin strips. After this strips gets
cut into desired shape. Peel of the rubber tube from outside with the help of
blade, and finally the strips gets ready for its use. The resin strips will kept
vertically in the plywood mould during the time of casting of concrete.
•
28. METHODOLOGY
• CASTING AND CURING OF CONCRETE SPECIMEN:
The casting of translucent concrete block take place with the help of
ordinary Portland cement, sand and certain amount of resin strips as per
ratio considered. After casting of concrete block keep the block in normal
room temperature for 24 hours and after that demould the cube from the
mould and pour the cube in the fresh water tank for 7 days and 28 days for
respective testing purposes.
31. TESTS CONDUCTED
• COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST:
In this research work comparison was made between the resin translucent
concrete block with cement concrete block which is used as control
specimen. In this experimental work different percentage of resin strips in
the making of this block and it is observed the result. Test of this samples
conducted for 7 days and 28 days and it was noticed that compressive
strength of the block increases when percentage of resin strips
increases upto certain extent. Therefore resin can be used for the
manufacturing of the concrete block. As we know that according to
IS:2185.1:2005 table no: 2, clauses (5.1,5.2,9.4) the compressive strength
of solid and hollow block for wall should be min between 4-5 N/mm2 and
in the experiment it is found that compressive strength is more that this
permissive limit so it can be easily used for partitionwall.
35. METHODOLOGY
• WATER PERMEABILITY TEST:
This test is conducted to measure the amount of water penetrates or enters
the specimen as well as leaving the specimen. We can also say that it is
help to determine the resistance of concrete against water under hydrostatic
pressure, and the water pressure will be 50 Kg/cm2 for 72 hours.
In this experiment it is noticed that water permeability for various
percentage of resin strips is better with compare to control specimen
but not satisfactory. After the study it is observed that resin
translucent concrete block is poor in water permeability test. According
to IS code 2645:2003 in Table no 2 clauses 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 it is mentioned
that if the depth of water penetrates the specimen more than 25mm then it
is not safe for use, as experiment is conducted the depth of water
penetration is more in control specimen as well as tested specimen.
Therefore this block is not safe where rainfall occurs frequently. Further
study is required to minimise the penetration of water into the resin
concrete block so that it can be use safely in construction purpose.
40. METHODOLOGY
• ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST:
This experiment is conducted to determine the amount of void that are
present inside the resin translucent concrete block specimen. Ultrasonic
wave travels only in concrete medium, if the wave does not found concrete
medium then it will take more time to receive the wave from source to the
receiver. The main objective of this experiment is to determine the
homogeneity of the concrete, to find the cracks other fractures present
inside the resin translucent concrete block. It is found that this specimen
are of medium quality. There are minimum amount of voids, cracks, are
present inside the concrete block and it can be reduced by compaction use
of fine sand instead of using river sand as per IS code 13311.1:1992, table
no 2.
43. METHODOLOGY
• LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE TEST:
This test is one of the most important test that are performed in this
experiment. This experiment is totally based on this test. It is done to
determine and to observe the amount of light or lumen passes
through the resin concrete block so that use of artificial light can be
minimised. Lux meter is used and 100W bulb is used to performed this
test. Bulb is fixed in a certain distance from the resin concrete block and
concrete block is placed between the lux meter and the 100 W bulb, after
that light turned on and reading of the Lux meter is noted to determine the
amount of light passing through the 150mm per resin concrete block. In
this experiment we come to know that intensity of light means lumen
increases with increase in percentage of resin strips that are present in the
concrete block. Therefore this block can be easily used in green building
for the consumption of electricity.
45. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST (7 DAYS AND 28 DAYS):
SAMPLE NO: COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH IN 7 DAYS
(N/mm2 ):
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH IN 28
DAYS N/mm2 ):
CONTROL SAMPLE 3.2 4.44
0.6 % RESIN 3.37 5.63
1.2 % RESIN 4.11 5.75
1.8 % RESIN 3.9 5.78
46. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST:
It is clearly seen that in compare with the control specimen the various
types of specimen using different types of percentages of resin, when
percentage of resin increases in the specimen the compressive strength
also increases in the following percentage of resin i.e 0.6 %, 1.2 % and
1.8 % of resin strips having compressive strength of 4.44 N/mm2 , 5.63
N/mm2, 5.75 v, 5.78 N/mm2 but this increase of compressive strength
upto certain limit after that there will be a decrease in the compressive
strength by addition of resin strips. This compressive strength of this
specimen which is permissible as per IS Code:2185.1.2005 in concrete
masonry unit so we can say that it is safe to use this typs of translucent
concrete block comprises of resin strips percentage from 0.6 to 1.8. in
the IS Code:2185.1.2005 it is mentioned that the compressive strength
must be in between 4 N/mm2 to 5 N/mm2 in case of load bearing wall.
So it is safe to use the mentioned percentage of resin in translucent
concrete block.
47. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• WATER PERMEABILITY TEST:
SPECIMEN DEPTH OF WATER
PENETRATION (MM)
PROTECTIVE QUALITY
Control Specimen 129 MM Poor
0.6 % Resin Strips 123 MM Poor
1.2% Resin Strips 107 MM Poor
1.8% Resin Strips 113 MM Poor
48. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• WATER PERMEABILITY TEST:
It is clearly noticed that the water permeability of the resin translucent
concrete block decreases as the percentage of resin strips increased in the
specimen but as per IS code 2645:2003 in Table no 2 clauses 4.2.1 and
4.2.2 it is mentioned that if the depth of water penetrates the specimen
more than 25mm then it is not safe for use thus this resin translucent
concrete block is not safe in water permeability test.
49. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST:
SPECIMEN VELOCITY KM/S QUALITY
Control Specimen 2.5 Doubtful
0.6 % Resin Strips 3.2 Medium
1.2% Resin Strips 3.13 Medium
1.8% Resin Strips 3 Medium
50. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST:
It is clearly seen that the ultrasonic pulse velocity increases when the
percentage of resin strips increases from control specimen to 0.6 % , and
again decreasing from 1.2 % and 1.8 %. As per IS code 13311.1:1992,
table no 2 it is mentioned that if the velocity of USPV test lied below 3.0
then the quality of grading is doubtful, if it lied between 3.0 to 3.5 then it is
medium, if it lied between 3.5 to 4.5 then it is good and above 4.5 the quality
is excellent. As per experiment the quality of grading is mentioned in table
no 16. As we can seen that the control specimen is doubtful and other
specimen which consists of resin strips are medium quality because due to
presence of resin strips that can be void present inside the block or the travel
time of ultrasonic wave take time due to the presence of resin strips inside
the block as it find only the concrete surface to travel from source to the
receiver as resin obstruct the path thus increases the travel time.
Therefore we can say that resin translucent concrete can be used for partition
wall as the presence of voids and cracks in the block are minimal.
52. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE TEST:
In this experiment it is observed in the table 17 and fig 26 that the
increases in the percentage of resin strips 0.6 %, 1.2 %, 1.8 % in the
translucent concrete block also increases the intensity of light 3, 7, 11 Lux
that passes through the specimen which is directly proportional. But by
keeping in mind with the other test of this specimen the suitable
percentage to use in this specimen is 1.2 % of resin strips which follows
all the necessity in construction technology.
53. CALCULATIONS
SPECIMEN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
TEST
IN 28 DAYS (N/mm2 ):
WATER
PERMEABILITY
TEST (MM):
CONTROL
SPECIMEN
S1=98.8/(150.40X150.74)=4.36.
S2=102.4/(150.57X150.38)=4.52.
AVG=4.44.
S1=112.
S2=114.
AVG-113.
0.6 % RESIN
STRIPS
S1=132.6/(150.47X150.53)=5.85.
S2=122.5/(150.47X150.53)=5.41.
AVG=5.63.
S1=106.
S2=108.
AVG-107.
1.2 % RESIN
STRIPS
S1=125.4/(150.49X150.89)=5.52.
S2=135.6/(150.49X150.60)=5.98.
AVG-5.75.
S1=121.
S2=124.
AVG-123.
1.8 % RESIN
STRIPS
S1=126.6/(150.58X150.35)=5.59.
S2=136.0/(150.48X150.51)=6.00.
AVG=5.79.
S1=112.
S2=114.
AVG-113.
55. ADVANTAGES
• Energy savings can be done utilization of resin translucent concrete
block and maximum use of natural sunlight.
• It has very good architectural propertiesfor giving good aesthetical
views to the building.
• Highest UV resistance.
• Less use or mortar in the walls for plastering.
56. DISADVANTAGES
• Skilled labour is required for the manufacturing of these block.
• Cost of construction is high.
• Weight is a main factor which can be reduced by using flyash.
• Maintenance required.
57. SCOPE FOR FUTURE STUDY
• There are very limited research that has been done for translucent concrete so far, and
that is a vast scope for this research on various aspects regarding strength, durability,
mechanical property and light guiding characteristics.
• This study is carried out for compressive strength test, water permeability test, USPV
test, so it can be extended for various other study like air permeability test, thermal
conductivity test, split tensile test, flexural strength test, efflorescence and water
absorption test.
• In this study river sand is used that is why the weight of block is more as compared to
flyash and AAC block, thus the weight of the block can be reduced by using of standard
sand and use of flyash in further study.
• In the further study various diameter of resin strips can be used to determine the various
properties of the block.
• Admixtures can be added to improve the damp proofing of the resin translucent
concrete block.
• Glass fiber can be used instead of resin strips if possible else other experiment can be
carried out in resin only.
• By varying the angles of the incident light, its effects can be found on the transmittance
character.
• Durability aspects such as alkali resistance, salts resistance, sulphate resistance , effects
of sea water ( Rapid Chloride PenetrationTtest ) can be performed.
• In further study, change in the diameter of the resin strips also increases the intensity of
light that passes through the specimen.
• We can also use some percentage of jute or banana fiber to increase the strength of the
specimen.
58. CONCLUSION
• Resin is the material which is used for the preparation of translucent
concrete block is easily available in the market on the other hand it is
easy to cast and handled during the casting of resin and specimen.
• It takes less time for the preparation of resin translucent concrete
block which is commonly used as a load bearing masonry concrete
block.
• It is noted and examined that the compressive strength of the resin
translucent concrete block is much better that the control specimen
which is commonly a masonry concrete block made upon cement and
fine aggregates having a density of 1800 Kg/m3.
59. CONCLUSION
• It is observed that the compressive strength of this specimen for 28
days and concludes that for control specimen compressive strength is
4.44 N/mm2 and for 0.6 % of resin strips the compressive strength
increases to 5.63 N/mm2 which means the strength increases upto
20.80 % , by using 1.2 % resin strips the compressive strength
increases to 5.75 which means the strength increases upto 29.50 %
and by using 1.8 % resin strips the compressive strength increases to
5.78 which means the strength increases upto 30.18 %.
60. CONCLUSION
• It is observed that for water permeability test of the resin translucent
concrete block decreases as the percentage of resin strips increased 0
%, 0.6 %, 1.2 %, 1.8 % in the specimen but as per IS code 2645:2003
in Table no 2 clauses 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 it is mentioned that if the depth
of water penetrates the specimen more than 25mm then it is not safe
for use. The variation of depth of water penetration is 129 mm for
control concrete masonry block, 123 mm for 0.6 %, 107 mm for 1.2 %
and 113 mm for 1.8 % which is not at all safe for usage.
61. CONCLUSION
• For ultrasonic pulse velocity test it is concluded that there are void
that are present inside the specimen as resin gets inserted during
casting improper compaction of these specimen leads to the presence
of minimum amount of voids in the sample. On the other hand this
can also be minimised by using standard or fine sand and also
application of flyash for the preparation of these specimen.
62. CONCLUSION
• This resin translucent concrete block is very good at light
transmission, as the percentage of resin increases the light intensity
also increases. Keeping everything in the mind 1.2 % resin
translucent concrete block can be used extensively in construction
industry.
• It increases the aesthetic beautification of the building, on the other
hand resin translucent concrete block saves artificial source of
energy and hels in consumption of energy and utilization of natural
source of energy.
• It can be concluded that this resin translucent concrete block is surely
a advanced construction material for present and future generation in
construction technology.
63. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With due respect I like to thank all the faculty member who have given
me the opportunity and helped me to complete these Review Paper work
in my Master of Technology thesis work. I want to express my gratitude
to our Civil Department, ITM University, Gwalior for given me a
immense support specially one of our faculty Prof. Sohit Agarwal
(Department of Civil Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior). I also want
to thank one of the Lab In Charge (Global Lab) in Kolkata where I am
done my thesis practical work Mr. Shaswata Mukherjee, and Mr.
Devendra Khan , Samsuddin Mollah for their guidance support in the
laboratory to complete my experimental work.
Finally, I am grateful to my parents who have supported me from the
beginning to complete this work.
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