The level of prevention topic will help you to know about how to prevent any particular disease in humans. Level of prevention is categorized into four
Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
it is a short and essential details regarding levels of prevention in Community health Nursing.and this ppt is most important for Nurses especially for post basic B.S.Sc.nursing students , because all criteria of power point presentation are followed in this ppt file.please like , share and improve your knowledge.thank you...
https://userupload.net/6jbhjqr3gczd
Behavioural sciences explore the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioural interactions between organisms in the natural world. It involves the systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behavior through the study of the past, controlled and naturalistic observation of the present, and disciplined scientific experimentation and modeling. It attempts to accomplish legitimate, objective conclusions through rigorous formulations and observation.[1] Examples of behavioral sciences include psychology, psychobiology, anthropology, and cognitive science. Generally, behavior science deals primarily with human action and often seeks to generalize about human behavior as it relates to society
The level of prevention topic will help you to know about how to prevent any particular disease in humans. Level of prevention is categorized into four
Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
it is a short and essential details regarding levels of prevention in Community health Nursing.and this ppt is most important for Nurses especially for post basic B.S.Sc.nursing students , because all criteria of power point presentation are followed in this ppt file.please like , share and improve your knowledge.thank you...
https://userupload.net/6jbhjqr3gczd
Behavioural sciences explore the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioural interactions between organisms in the natural world. It involves the systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behavior through the study of the past, controlled and naturalistic observation of the present, and disciplined scientific experimentation and modeling. It attempts to accomplish legitimate, objective conclusions through rigorous formulations and observation.[1] Examples of behavioral sciences include psychology, psychobiology, anthropology, and cognitive science. Generally, behavior science deals primarily with human action and often seeks to generalize about human behavior as it relates to society
Theories of Motivation - Instincts Theories, Drive – Reduction Theories, Arousal Theory, Incentive Theory, Opponent-Process Theory, Cognitive Theories - Expectancy-Value Theory, Cognitive Dissonance Theory, Attribution Theory, Equity Theory, Social Cognitive Theory - Maslow’s Hierarchy, ERG Theory, Motivation-Hygiene Theory, Theory X and Theory Y, Acquired Needs Theory, Neo-Freudian Theories - Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler, Analytical Psychology Of Carl J Jung, Carl Rogers, Gestalt theory, Kurt Koffka Theory, Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development, Karen Horney – Neurotic Relationships, Harry Stack-Sullivan – Selective Inattention, Erich Fromm – Choice of Freedom, The Social Unconscious Orientations, Type A,B, C and D Personalities, Behavioural, Cognitive And Humanistic Perspectives, Temperamental Theories of Personality - Gordon Allport, Ancient Theories of Temperament, Hierarchy of Traits And Super-Factors, Self-report Measures, Projective Techniques
Dr. Louise Stanger— lecturer, professor, clinician, trainer and international interventionist— has developed and refined her invitational method of mental health and substance abuse interventions using the well-established research methodology of portraiture. She and her teammate have performed thousands of family interventions throughout the United States and abroad.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Behavioral Sciences
Instructor: Dr Ejaz Sb.
Prepared by : Abdul Wasay
abdulwasay789@gmail.com
Amna Inayat Medical College (AIMC)
16-Sep-13
2. Four Pillars of Medical Ethics
Autonomy – patient has absolute right to opt procedure and treatment for himself
Beneficence – all medical professionals do good to patient under all cicumstances
Non Malefiences – no harm to patient or minimize it to best possible level
Justice – recourses to be delivered on equal need and measures of equity
3. How to Break a Bad News
Bio Psycho Social Model
This model prefers delivery of information to the
patient on evidenced based medical facts and
tailoring it acc to need of patient
Seating and sitting
Exclusivity
Involvement of significant other
Seating arrangements
Attentive and calm
Listening mode
Availibility
Patient’s perception – what is the idea of patien
about specific disease
Invitation – ask patient what amount he want to
know about his disease
Knowledge – give hints and tell him with pause
and delay, like incident
Empathy – understand the feelings of pateint
Summarize
Plan of Action
4. Maslow’s Pyramid of
Hierarchical Needs Slef
actulization
Esteem and recognition
Love and belonging
Safty – avoid harm attaining security ,order
and Phys safty
Basic physiological needs – biological needs for food,
shelter, water, oxygen sex
SEL the SaBon
5. Defense mechanism
(3D 3R 2I PSF)**
Denial** – blocking out painful inducing events – knowing smoking hazard, not quitting
Displacement – discharging emotions less dangerous, low grade and shout on paramed
Disassociation – handling emotional conflicts by temp alteration in behavior, Kabootar Bill relation
Fantasy – symbolic satisfaction of wishes through nor rational, Hawai Qilly, Ahmqon ki jannat
Identification - assuming similarity bw oneself and other, Kaali Billi, Nazar
Intellectualization - separation of emotion from ideas, emotions painful. Samjhdari sy
Projection – attributing ones own unacceptable thoughts on others
Rationalization – altering the experience through logical and socially approved explanation
Reaction formation – unacceptable feeling disguised by repression of the real feelings and by
reinforcement of opposite feelings
Repression - unconsciously keeping unacceptable feelings away , jealous for friends success
Suppression – consciously keeping away unacceptable thoughts, exams focussing
6. Eriksson’s 8 Development Model
age Stage of Dev Task/ Area of Concepts / Basic Attitude
Birth – 18months infancy Trust vs. Mistrust
18 M – 3Y Early Childhood Autonomy vs. shame and
doubt
3 – 5Y Late childhood Initiative vs. guilt
6 – 12Y School age Industry vs. Inferiority
12 – 20Y adolescence Identity vs. role diffusion
18 – 25Y Young adulthood Intimacy vs. isolation
25 – 65Y Adulthood Generativity vs. stagnation
65Y – Death Old age Integrity vs. Despair
7. Forgetting
Forgetting is the apparent loss of information already encoded and stored in LTM
Due to lack of attention,
May be information not converted to LTM from STM
FACTORS
Interference – e new info
Retrieval problems – retrieval cues for later recall not found
Motivated forgetting – repression , forgetting the unpleasant incidences and
remebering pleasant one
Repression is tendency of people to have difficulty in retrieving anxiety provoking
and threatening information.
8. Metacognition is thinking about how we think. It refers to knowledge of people have
about their own thought processes
9. Memory
The mental faculty of retaining and recalling past experience
Memory can be explained as our interactions, our actions, perceptions which change
us continuously and determine what we are able to perceive, remember, understand
later on.
Stages of Memory: Encoding, storage and Retrieval
Types
I. Sensory Memory – what we perceive by our five senses. Brief image of all the
stimuli
II. Short term memory – store as Images and sounds
III. Long term memory – sotred on the basis of meaning and importance
10. Methods to improve Memory
Knowledge of results – feedback or check to see if you are learning
Attention – have setting that enhance your foccus
Recitation and Rehersal – reading a textbook stop studying and remind what you have
just read
Organize – into chunks, put similar things in order, remember long list of words by
making up sotries
Selection – its like fisherman’s net, keep good big fish. Practice careful selective
marking in textbooks. Do not underline everything
Serial position – tendency to forget in middle, long list of name, forgets middle one
names. Try to put more effort and attention
Mnemonics – aid or assoisiation to remember things.
11. Mnemonics .
Use mental pictures
Make things meaningful
Make info familiar
Form Bizarre. Unusual , or exaggerated mental assosiation
Attach emotions
Overlearning – mean when learnt something then study the material. Best insurance
against going blank on a test because of anxiety
Spaced Practice – sup to mass practice, e.g three 20min study session can produce
more learning than an hour continuous
Whole Vs Part Learning – better to practice learning whole packages of info rather
than small note. Study the largest meaningful amount of information at a time. Text
vs Notes. Only notes helpful that you make yourself on the base of SELECTION
12. Sleep – after study, sleep reduce the inference. Breaks and free time in a shedule are
as impotant as study. Whole night study before exam is not smart
Review – reviewing shortly before exam is helpful. Avoid tendency to memorize new
things. The review should be of An Hour rather than a whole night study
13. Common Psychiatric Disorders
Substance use and abuse, e.g Alcohol
Anxiety disorder
Anorexia nervosa
Adult attentionn deficit disorder
Bipolar disorder
Bullemia nervosa
Depression
General anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Schizophrenia
Post traumatic stress disorder
Social phobia
Disassosiative disorder pychosis
Headache
14. Learning
Learning is a process by which new behavior patterns are acquired
Classical conditioning – by which instinctual or inheren patterns are acquired without
reinforcement. E.g salavation , autonomic arousal, piloerection
Uses
Acquisition of fear and anxiety about hospitals – paired response, white coat with
injection, an assosiation
Chemotherapy for treating cancer – chemotherapy, food disturbacne after last
therapy, reluctant, given sweets, more nutritionally good
Treatment of Phobias – intense feelings, relax, think about, relax and calm, think
and overcome
Operant Conditioning – instrumental conditioning in which a behavior that is not a
part of persons natural response is learned by consequences for the individual in the
form of Reward and Punishment
15. Shaping and Modelling – rewarding closer and closer apporximities of the wanted
behavior until the correct behavior is achieved e.g.
Modelling is type of observational learning. E.g. learn to be a surgeon after doing it
with good surgeon
Conditioning principles
I. Positive reinforcement – work for sake of praise – stop scold younger bro for praise
II. Negative reinforcement – incr behavior by avoiding and escape – stop bad
III. Punishment - behavoir is decr by supression – stop due to mothers scold
IV. Extinction – by ignoring, behavior is eliminated by non reinforcement – stop due to
mother is ignoring
16. Emotions
Emotion is a feeling with its distinctive thoughts, psychobiological states, and range of propensities to
act
Person behaves arousal during emotions
Types of Emotions
Innate or Primary Emotions – fear, sadness, surprise, digust, anger, anticipation, joy and acceptance
Secondary or Mixed Emotions – primary emotions can be mixed to give rise secondary emotions e.g.
jealousy, Remorse
MOTIVATION
The driving and pulling forces which results in persistent behavior directed towards particular goal is
called Motivation
17. Crisis interventionns/ Disaster Management
Types of crisis
Developmental crisis – like pregnancy, adultohood, school
Situational crisis – un natural trauma, disaster, flood
Robert’s 7 stages of Crisis intervention (ARIF APF)
Plan and conduct crisis assessment
Establish report and rapidly establish Relationship
Identify major problems inclue Law straw, or Crisis Precipitatnts
Deal with feelings and emotions – Listening and Validation
Generate and explores Alternatives
Develop and formulate action plan CRISIS RESOLUTION
Establish follow up plan and Agreement
18. Bio Psycho Social Model
Bio Psycho Social perspective of disease
Based on systemic theory
Presents a triad of life ensures, structural, biochemical and molecular study of a
disease
BIO – ensures structural , Biochemical, molecular study of disease
PSYCHO – insight to role of personality, attitudes, attribbutes and other dynamic factor and
motivation in the genesis of illness
SOCIAL – emphasizes the impact of family, society, social forces, culture and milieu on the
etiology, presentation and management of given illness
19. Non Pharmacological Interventions in C.P
These interventions augmenting the impacts of physical methods of treatment
Communication skills
Attending and listening – listening and making notes
Active listening – along with, noting voulme, pitch of sound, body language
Verbal techniques - using communication skills
Funneling – questions guiding the conversion from a broader area to a specific area
Paraphrasing - repeating last few word of patient and summarizing
Empathy building – make the patient understand that his/her feelings have been understood ( it is diff
from sympathy)
Checking for understanding – summarize the patients statement or ask him to comment
Counseling - an environment that makes sure achieving a greater depth of understanding
20. Disaster Management
3 phases
Emergency phase
Rehabilitation phase
Recovery phase
Factors to remember during diasaster management
Trauma affect all psycosocial changes rather surgical and medical alone
Most psychosocial consequences are normal
Vulnerable group is childern, women, aged
Provision of early psycosocial supporty prevent long term psychiatric morbidity
Psychosocial and mental health should be integral part of medical treatment
Best recovery is to support each other rather relying on outside and active participation and
returning home
Rescue workers should also take care of themselves using BUDDY SYS
Post traumatic conditions becomes longer related to the event
Avoid wave of second Disaster by providing hygeinic water food, debris