The document provides guidance on cross examination in debates. It defines cross examination as the phase where the affirmative and negative teams ask each other questions to better understand opposing arguments. The purpose of cross examination is to find weaknesses in the other team's arguments. It provides tips on questioning and responding, including asking clarifying questions and evaluating evidence. Sample questioning and response phrases are also given. The workflow of cross examination is outlined as presenting a speech, preparing questions, asking and answering questions.

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ffi
ces
cross examination

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debate skills

3. • a
ffi
rmative speech 5 min
• cross examination
preparation 3 min
• cross examination 3 min
• negative speech 5 min
• cross examination
preparation 3 min
• cross examination 3 min
• rebuttal preparation 10 min
• negative rebuttal 2 min
• a
ffi
rmative rebuttal 2 min
• negative summary 2 min
• a
ffi
rmative summary 2 min
cross examination (timing)

4. de
fi
nition
Source: Gabrielle_RRI on Pixabay

5. Cross examination is a phase of debate in
which the Af
fi
rmative and Negative Teams
ask each other questions to better
understand their opponents’ arguments.
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 25)
cross examination
DEFINITION

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ffi
ces
cross examination

7. ©2022 Daniel Beck
cross examination: purpose
A successful cross examination helps
your team
fi
nd the weaknesses of the
other team’s arguments.
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 25)

8. ©2022 Daniel Beck
To do a successful cross examination, you
need to be able to ask and respond to
questions effectively.
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 25)
cross examination: approach

9. ©2022 Daniel Beck
questioning do-s and don’ts 1
CROSS EXAMINATION
When questioning ...
DO: Ask questions for clari
fi
cation.
PURPOSE: To better understand the other
team’s arguments.
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 25)

10. ©2022 Daniel Beck
When questioning ...
DO: Ask questions about data, facts, and/or
examples the other team used to support
their arguments.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of evidence
presented to
fi
nd the weaknesses
of the other team’s arguments.
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 25)
questioning do-s and don’ts 2
CROSS EXAMINATION

11. ©2022 Daniel Beck
When questioning ...
DO: Ask clear and concise questions.
DON’T: Do not make arguments; the questioner
should ask questions.
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 25)
questioning do-s and don’ts 3
CROSS EXAMINATION

12. ©2022 Daniel Beck
CROSS EXAMINATION
When responding ...
DO: Answer the questions from the
other team.
PURPOSE: To clarify the points raised by the
other team.
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 25)
responding do-s and don’ts 1

13. ©2022 Daniel Beck
CROSS EXAMINATION
When responding ...
DO: Give speci
fi
c yet concise* answers.
DO: Ask for clari
fi
cation if the question
is unclear.
DON’T: Do not give too much information.
DON’T: Do not restate all of your argument
or evidence.
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 25)
responding do-s and don’ts 2
*簡潔な

14. Cross Examination (CE)
“I have a question. In your
fi
rst
argument, you said that many
Japanese car owners wanted to be
eco-friendly. Could you explain what
you meant when you talked about
how many people are buying eco-
friendly cars, please? Is it still a small
number of people?”
Nao (NT)
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 26)

15. Cross Examination (CE)
Actually, according to our source,
a survey shows that more drivers are
thinking of buying more eco-friendly
cars such as hybrid or electric cars.
Shota (AT)

16. Cross Examination (CE)
“Thank you. I’d like to ask another
question.
When was the survey published?”
Nao (NT)

17. Cross Examination (CE)
It was published in 2010.
Shota (AT)

18. Cross Examination (CE)
Have there been other surveys since
then, and do you know what they
found?
Nao (NT)

19. Cross Examination (CE)
“I am sorry, but I don’t know.
I know that the 2010 survey was
conducted by respected university
researchers.”
Shota (AT)

20. Cross Examination (CE)
“Thank you. I have another
question.
You said that Forbes Magazine found
that most customers have a positive
image of companies that support
environmental issues. Could your
source be biased?”
Nao (NT)

21. Cross Examination (CE)
“I don’t think so.
Our source is a very well-respected
and well-known business magazine.”
Shota (AT)

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Photo: Pavel Danilyuk
Useful Expressions
Cross Examination
for

23. ©2022 Daniel Beck
Useful Expressions
Cross Examination
for
Questioning

24. Useful Expressions for Cross Examination
Questioning
ASKING FOR CLARIFICATION
• What was your (1st, 2nd, etc…) point?
• In your
fi
rst argument, you said {summarize}.
Could you explain {point that was not clear},
please?
• Does the source say …?

25. Useful Expressions for Cross Examination
Questioning
EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF EVIDENCE
• What was the date of {source}?
• When was {source} published?
• Is {source} really an expert in this area?
• How many …?
• How much …?

26. Useful Expressions for Cross Examination
Questioning
MOVING ON TO THE NEXT QUESTION
• Thank you. I’d like to ask another question.
• Thank you. I have another question.
• Thank you. I’d like to move on to the next
question.

27. ©2022 Daniel Beck
Useful Expressions
Cross Examination
for
Responding

28. Useful Expressions for Cross Examination
Responding
GIVING CLEAR ANSWERS
•Our
fi
rst point was…
•It is…
•Yes.
•No. Actually, {explain concisely}.
•I am sorry, but I don’t know.
•I’m not sure, but...
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 26)

29. Useful Expressions for Cross Examination
Responding
RESPONDING TO QUALITY OF EVIDENCE QUESTIONS
• The date of {source} was…
• {Source} was published in…
• {Source} is {state experience of source}.
• {Source} has {state experience/quali
fi
cation}.
• There are … / There is …
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 26)

30. Useful Expressions for Cross Examination
Responding
ASKING FOR CLARIFICATION
• Could you repeat the question, please?
• Could you say the question in another way?
• I’m sorry, but I don’t really understand the
question.
(Up for Debate, 3rd Ed. 2022, p. 26)

31. ©2022 Daniel Beck
Useful Expressions
Cross Examination
Questioning
Responding
&

32. ©2022 Daniel Beck
Photo: Pavel Danilyuk
Useful Expressions
Cross Examination
for

33. ©2022 Daniel Beck Photo: Kelly Sikkema
Cross Examination
Workflow

34. Cross Examination Workflow
STEP 1
PRESENTING TEAM
• Make A
ffi
rmative/
Negative Speech.
CE TEAM
• Keep notes during the
A
ffi
rmative/Negative
Speech.

35. Cross Examination Workflow
STEP 2 (preparation time)
CE TEAM
• Decide on questions and
prepare the questions as
a team.
PRESENTING TEAM
• Prepare to respond to
possible questions from
the other team as a team

36. Cross Examination Workflow
STEP 3 (preparation time)
CE TEAM
• Decide who will ask
the questions.
PRESENTING TEAM
• Decide who will answer
the questions.

37. Cross Examination Workflow
STEP 4 (CE)
CE TEAM
• Ask questions
PRESENTING TEAM
• Respond to questions

38. ©2022 Daniel Beck Photo: Chro
fi
t theman to call on Pexels
Cross
Examination
Practice
debate practice

39. • Give speech / Take notes
• Prepare questions (one from each member) pp. 26-27
• Question and respond
• Continue with the next speech
Photo: Chro
fi
t theman to call on Pexels
Cross Examination Practice

40. Photography and Illustration Credits
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