Urie Bronfenbrenner developed the ecological systems theory in the 1970s to explain how environmental relationships impact child development. The theory proposes that a child's development is influenced by different environmental systems, including the microsystem of immediate relationships, the mesosystem of interactions between microsystems, the exosystem of outside influences, the macrosystem of cultural values, and the chronosystem of environmental changes over time. Each system has a direct or indirect impact and influences fall on different levels depending on their proximity to the child.

1. BRONFEnbREnNER’S
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
THEORY

2. Urie Bronfenbrenner came up with the
Ecological Systems Theory in the 1970s
Bronfenbrenner's model also known as
the Bioecological Systems theory
presents child development within the
context of relationship systems that
comprise the child's environment.
He thought that previous research on
child development lacked crucial
perspectives of all aspects of a child's
life.

3.  He developed this theory to explain
these relationships, their impacts, and
the levels at which each relationship
falls.

4. The Five Ecological Systems
1. Microsystem
The microsystem is composed of the
immediate influences on a child, including
their family, school, peers, church, and
other close entities. The influences in the
microsystem have direct contact with the
child. The relationships within microsystems
go both ways, where both the child and the
other party can potentially be influenced in
some way.

5. 2. Mesosystem
The mesosystem is the area where the
microsystems interact. At this level the
microsystems are not seen
independently; they are instead viewed
by how they intertwine.

6. 3. Exosystem
The exosystem contains factors
that influence the development of a
child, but those factors may not
directly involve the child. -The
exosystem has the ability to have a
negative or positive impact on a
child, depending upon the things
that happen within it.

7. 4. MACROSYSTEM
 focuses on how cultural elements affect a
child's development, such as
socioeconomic status, wealth, poverty,
and ethnicity.
 is the largest and most distant collection
of people and places to the children that
still have significant influences on them.
 composed of the children’s cultural
patterns and values, specifically their
dominant beliefs and ideas, as well as
political and economic systems.

8. 5. CHRONOSYSTEM
 The chronosystem adds the useful
dimension of time to Bronfenbrenner’s
ecological systems theory. It demonstrates
the influence of both change and constancy
in the children’s environments.
 The chronosystem may include a change in
family structure, address, parents’
employment status, as well as immense
society changes such as economic cycles
and wars.