Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory argues that an individual's development is influenced by different environmental systems, including the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. The microsystem contains the relationships between the developing person and their immediate surroundings. The mesosystem involves interactions between the microsystems, such as between home and school. The exosystem comprises outside influences like a parent's workplace. The macrosystem includes cultural values and customs. Finally, the chronosystem addresses environmental events and transitions over a person's lifespan. This influential theory views human development as being shaped by complex interactions within and between these environmental systems.

1. REALISM
Prepared by: Vanessa Manos PhiFo01

3. REALISM
Realism is a philosophy
that believes objects
exist independent of
the mind.

5. Realism is an act of accepting reality in
its actual spirit and essence including
facts, physical universe, events,
neccessities of life, ground realities,
favourable or unfavourable situations,
conditions and atmosphere, as they
are, as opposed to the abstract or ideal.
REALISM

7. BRONFENBRENNER'S
ECOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS THEORY

8. URIE BRONFENBRENER

9. -Born April 29, 1917, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.
-Died September 25, 2005, Ithaca, New York, U.S.
-Russian-born American psychologist best known for having
developed human ecology theory (ecological systems theory).
-He studied music and psychology at Cornell University,
Master's Degree in Education at Harvard University and Ph.D. in
developmental psychology from the University of Michigan.
BIOGRAPHY

10. -He served as a military psychologist during World War II and
later was an assistant professor at the University of Michigan.
BIOGRAPHY

11. This theory argues that the environment you grow up in affects
every facet of your life. Social factors determine your way of
thinking, the emotions you feel, and your likes and dislikes.
If you change your environment, you’ll change. If you move to
another country with a different culture, your identity will
certainly change. The same can happen if your social role
within one of the five systems changes.
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems
Theory

13. Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory

14. Microsystem: Made up of the groups that have direct contact with the
child/individual.
Mesosystem: The relationships between the groups from the first
system.
Exosystem: Factors that affect an individual’s life but, the elements of
this system don’t have a direct relationship with the individual.
Macrosystem: Contains those cultural elements that affect the
individual and everyone around them.
Chronosystem: The stage of life that the individual is in regarding the
situations they’re going through.
The five systems include:
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems
Theory

15. It is smallest and immediate environment in which children live.
How these groups or individuals interact with children will affect
how they grow.
How children react to people in their microsystem will also
influence how they treat the children in return.
Microsystem

16. More nurturing and more supportive interactions
and relationships will understandably foster the
children's improved development.
Implication

17. It is possible for siblings who find themselves in the
same ecological system to experience very different
environments.
Each child's particular personality traits, such as
temperament, which is influenced by unique genetic
and biological factors, ultimately have a hand in how
he/she is treated by others.
Significant Findings

18. The mesosystem encompasses the interaction of the different
microsystems in which children find themselves in.
It is, in essence, a system of microsystems and as such, involves
linkages between home and school, between peer group and
family, and between family and community.
Mesosystem

19. For example they invite their child's friends over to
their house from time to time and spend time with
them, then the child's development is affected
positively through harmony and like-mindedness.
To illustrate this...

20. However, if the child's parents dislike their child's
peers and openly criticize them, then the child
experiences disequilibrium and conflicting emotions,
which will likely lead to negative development.

21. The exosystem pertains to the linkages that may
exist between two or more settings, one of which
may not contain the developing children but affect
them indirectly nonetheless.
Exosystem

22. People and places that children may not directly
interact with may still have an impact on their lives.
Such places and people may include the parents'
workplaces, extended family members, and the
neighborhood the children live in.
Findings

23. A father who is continually passed up for promotion
by an indifferent boss at the workplace may take it
out on his children and mistreat them at home.
To illustrate this..

24. The macrosystem is the largest and most distant
collection of people and places to the children that
still have significant influences on them.
This ecological system is composed of the children's
cultural patterns and values, specifically their
dominant beliefs and ideas, as well as political and
economic systems.
Macrosystem

25. Children in war-torn areas will experience a different
kind of development than children in peaceful
environments.
To illustrate this...

26. The chronosystem includes the transitions and shifts
in one's lifespan. This may also involve the socio-
historical contexts that may influence a person.
Chronosystem

27. One classic example of this is how divorce, as a
major life transition, may affect not only the couple's
relationship but also their children's behavior.
According to a majority of research, children are
negatively affected on their first year after the
divorce. The next years after, it would reveal that the
interaction within the family becomes more stable
and agreeable.
To illustrate this...

28. This theory, published in 1979, has influenced many
psychologists in terms of the manner of analyzing
the person and the effects of different
environmental systems that he encounters.
Value of the Theory

30. THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!

31. References:
Renn, K. A., & Arnold, K. D. (2003). Reconceptualizing Research on College Student Peer Culture. The
Journal of Higher Education, 74(3), 261–293.
What is Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory? (2019, May 3). Retrieved August 6, 2019,
from https://www.psychologynoteshq.com/bronfenbrenner-ecological-theory/.