Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in young children caused primarily by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It leads to inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles) and symptoms like wheezing. Risk factors for more severe disease include prematurity, lung or heart conditions. Treatment is supportive with oxygen, fluids, and respiratory support as needed. While symptoms often improve in a few weeks, bronchiolitis is associated with increased risk of recurrent wheezing and asthma later in childhood. Prevention strategies include handwashing, avoiding tobacco smoke, and immunoprophylaxis for high-risk infants.

1. BRONCHIOLITIS Cori Daines, MD Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology