using a high-permittivity substrate as described in Figure 1.1, compact CP designs can be achieved by embedding suitable slots or slits in the radiating patch [11, 12, 16, 18, 40–47] or the antenna’s ground plane. These designs mainly use a single probe feed or an edge-fed microstrip-line feed. By using a single inset microstrip-line feed, it is possible for microstrip antennas with a slotted patch to achieve compact CP radiation [48]. For a compact CP design using a tuning stub [12, 47] (Figure 1.15), the required length of the tuning stub increases as the CP center operating frequency is lowered. The increase in allowable tuning-stub length accompanying the reduction in antenna size for such compact CP designs allows a greatly relaxed manufacturing tolerance compared to the corresponding conventional circularly polarized microstrip antenna at the same operating frequency. This is a great advantage for practical applications,Another effective bandwidth-enhancement technique is to excite two or more resonant modes of similar radiating characteristics at adjacent frequencies to form a wide operating bandwidth. Such bandwidth-enhancement techniques include the loading of suitable slots in a radiating patch [68–75] or the integration of cascaded microstripline sections (microstrip reactive loading) into a radiating patch [76–80]. For both slot loading and integrated microstrip reactive loading, the low-profile advantage of the microstrip antenna is retained, and the impedance bandwidth can be about 2.0–3.5 times that of the corresponding conventional microstrip antenna. Through the design of an external optimal matching network for a microstrip antenna, bandwidth enhancement can also be obtained [81, 82]. This design technique increases the realty space of the microstrip antenna due to the external matching network, and it has been reported that the impedance matching can be increased by a factor of three if an optimal matching network is achieved [81]. Some novel designs for broadband microstrip antennas with reduced crosspolarization radiation have also been demonstrated. An effective method is to add an additional feed of equal amplitude and a 180◦ phase shift to the microstrip antenna; significant cross-polarization reduction of about 5–10 and 12–15 dB in the E-plane and H-plane patterns, respectively, has been achieved [83]. Details

1. PROJECT PRESENTATION ON MICROSTRIP PATCH
WIDEBAND ANTENNA
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Dr. SUNANDAN BHUNIA
(ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR,DEPARTMENT OF ECE)
SUBMITTED BY:
MONALISHA DUTTA (201902031023)
OCEAN KWAN (201902032058)
ASHUJEET KUMAR (201902032057)
BEDADYUTI DEBNATH (201902032051)

2. CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION.
2. APPLICATION.
3. WHY WE CHOOSE WIDEBAND ANTENNA.
4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WIDEBAND AND COMPACT ANTENNAS.
5. BASIC PARAMETER OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA.
4. DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA.
5. DIMENSION OF THE PATCH.
7. Techniques used to achieve wideband antenna .
8. SIMULATION.
9. RESULT.

3. INTRODUCTION
A wideband antenna is an antenna that is designed to operate over a broad
frequency range. This is in contrast to narrowband antennas, which is designed to
operate at a specific frequency or a narrow range of frequencies. Wideband antenna
are useful in applications where a single antenna is required to operate over a range
of frequencies, such as in radio communication systems.

4. Applications
Wideband antennas are commonly used in applications where the frequency range
may vary widely, such as in communication systems, radio astronomy, and radar
systems.

5. Why we choose wideband antenna
1. Frequency coverage: Wideband antennas can cover a wide frequency range, which
is useful in applications where the frequency range may vary widely eg;
communication systems, radio astronomy and radar systems.
2. Simplified design: With a wideband antenna, there is no need to switch or adjust
components to change frequency bands, which simplifies the design of the system
and reduces costs.
3. Reduced complexity: Wideband antennas can be less complex than other types of
antennas, such as narrowband antennas or multi-band antennas, as they don't
require frequency selective components, such as filters or matching circuits.
4. Flexibility: Wideband antennas can be used in a variety of applications, from
communication systems to sensing and imaging systems, making them a versatile
choice for many different applications.

6. Differences between wideband and compact
antennas:
Frequency range: Wideband antennas are designed to operate over a broad
frequency range, while compact antennas are typically designed to operate within a
narrower frequency range
Size: Wideband antennas can be physically larger than compact antennas, as they
need to be designed to cover a wider frequency range. Compact antennas are
designed to be small and easy to integrate into devices.
Complexity: Wideband antennas can be more complex than compact antennas, as
they need to be designed to operate over a wider frequency range. Compact
antennas are often simpler in design and construction.

7. BASIC PARAMETERS OF MICROSTRIP PATCH
ANTENNA
1. Resonant frequency
2. -10dB bandwidth
3. Gain
4. Return loss
5. Radiation efficiency

8. Design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna
Design a microstrip patch antenna requires a procedure which leads to practical
designs of rectangular patch antennas.The width(W) and the length (L) of antenna
are calculated as follows:

9. Dimension of patch
Given
Dielectric constant = 3
Height of the substrate = 1.6mm
Resonant frequency = 6 GHz
Output we found
Length = 13.7 mm
Width = 17.6 mm

10. DESIGN 1 : U shape

11. 1.Feeding point (8.8,-4.56)

12. Graph

13. Calculation
1. (x, y) = ( 8.8 , -4.56 )
Fl = 5.08
Fh = 5.36
Fc = Fl * Fn /2=13.61
B= Fh-Fl/Fc*100=2.05%

14. 2. Feeding point (8 ,-2)

15. Graph

16. Calculation
(x ,y) = (8, -2)
Fl = 5.02
Fh = 5.39
Fc = 13.52
B = 2.73%

17. Reference
1. Microstrip antenna design handbook
2. Broadband microstrip antenna
3. Compact and broadband microstrip antennas

18. THANK YOU