One kind of slot antenna design utilised to make the antenna wideband is the E cut slot. A rectangular waveguide’s wide wall, which serves as the electromagnetic waves’ resonant cavity, is where the slot is carved. The width of the slot controls the bandwidth of the antenna, and the shape of the slot is such that it provides a resonance at a specific frequency. The reason the slot is called the ”E cut slot” is since it resembles the letter ”E.” The slot lies perpendicular to the direction of the electric field and is centred along the waveguide’s wide wall. In order to achieve the desired resonance frequency and bandwidth, the slot’s size are carefully selected. The E cut slot allows for a wide variety of frequenciesto be sent or received, making it a useful method for creating a wideband antenna. This is because, unlike other types of antennas that are created to work at a certain frequency, the slot antenna operates over a variety of frequencies as opposed to justAnother slot antenna design that can be applied to make the antenna broad is a U cut slot. The U cut slot is comparable to the E cut slot in that it is also carved into a rectangular waveguide’s broad wall. The U cut hole, on the other hand, is formed differently; it resembles the letter ”U” rather than the letter ”E.” The U cut slot’s width controls the antenna’s bandwidth and is also intended to create resonance at a specific frequency. The U cut slot is positioned on the waveguide’s narrow wall perpendicular to the electric field’s direction. Due to its ability to accommodate various resonances, the U cut slot antenna de- sign is effective in producing a broad antenna. It is therefore helpful in a variety of applications where high-frequency transmission is necessary, such as in satellite com- munication, radar systems, and wireless networking. This means that it can operate over a range of frequencies. Similar to the E cut slot, the U cut slot’s dimensions are set with care to produce the ideal resonance frequency and bandwidth. To improve its radiation characteristics, the U cut slot can be utilized as a stand-alone antenna or as a component of an array. one.

1. Under the guidance of
SUNANDAN BHUNIA
Submitted by-
Monalisha dutta(201902031023)
Bedadyuti Debnath(201902032051)
Ashujeet Kumar(201902032057)
Ocean Kwan(201902032058)
WIDEBAND
MICROSTRIP
PATCH ANTENNA
DESIGN

2. CONTENT
1. Objective
2. Introduction.
3. Application.
4. Basic parameter of microstrip antenna.
5. Feeding method.
6. Design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna.
7. Techniques used to make a wideband antenna.
8. Result and simulation.
9. Conclusion.
10. Reference.

3. OBJECTIVES
To overcome the limitations of conventional narrowband antennas and
enable high-speed data transfer, higher signal quality, and increased
capacity for communication systems, wideband antenna power is being
investigated. Wideband antennas can broadcast and receive signals over
a larger spectrum of frequencies than narrowband antennas because
they have a wider frequency range. We can increase data transfer rates,
improve signal quality, and make greater use of the available frequency
spectrum by deploying wideband antennas.

4. INTRODUCTION TO
WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna is a form of antenna that is
commonly used in communication systems due to its various
benefits, including low profile, lightweight, and ease of
manufacture. A dielectric substrate divides the ground plane
from the radiating patch, forming a planar antenna. The patch
typically has a specified form and size to obtain the appropriate
operating frequency and is constructed of conductive material,
such as copper or aluminium.
4

5. HOW ITS LOOK LIKE
WIDEBAND PATCH ANTENNA

6. APPLICATION
Wideband antennas are commonly used in
applications where the frequency range may vary
widely, such as in communication systems, radio
astronomy, and radar systems.

7. BASIC PARAMETER OF MSA
1. Resonant frequency.
2. -10dB bandwidth.
3. Gain.
4. Return loss.
5. Radiation pattern.

8. MATERIAL USED IN FABRICATION
Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE)

9. Design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna
Design a microstrip patch antenna requires a procedure which
leads to practical designs of rectangular patch antennas.The
width(W) and the length (L) of antenna are calculated as follows:
Length of the patch=13.7 mm
Width of patch = 17.6mm
Substrate thickness=1.6 mm

10. Dimension of patch
Given
Dielectric constant = 3
Height of the substrate = 1.6mm
Resonant frequency = 6 GHz
Output we found
Length = 13.7 mm
Width = 17.6 mm

11. Feeding method
The most famous feeding technique employed in the
microstrip patch antenna are:
1. Microstrip feed line
2. Probe feed.
3. Aperture-coupled feed.
4. Proximity-coupled feed.
We have used microstrip feed line for the simulation

12. Techniques used to make a wideband antenna
1. By modifying the ground plane of the antenna.
2. By modifying the patch of the antenna.

13. 1. By modifying the ground plane of the antenna.
Cutting a patch antenna ground plane results in a wideband antenna.
A ”notched” or ”slotted” patch antenna is the popular name for this
kind of antenna
A slot is carved out of the ground plane beneath the patch element in
a slotted patch antenna. This slot modifies the patch’s current
distribution, which causes the antenna to resonate across a range of
frequencies. To achieve the correct resonance frequency and
bandwidth, the slot’s width and placement are carefully selected.

14. Bow Tie Cut
A wideband antenna with two radiating elements with triangular
shapes that are fed in phase through a balun is known as a bowtie
antenna. Usually comprised of metal strips or wires, the radiating
elements are arranged parallel to one another, leaving a space
between them. A ground cut and a bowtie antenna can be used to
create a wideband design. The V-cut is a typical ground cut style
utilised with a bowtie antenna. The ground plane below the bowtie
antenna has a triangular cut called the V-cut. The bowtie
components’ uneven current distribution caused by the V-cut
contributes to the antenna’s increased bandwidth.

15. 15
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

16. Return loss vs frequency graph

17. CALCULATIONS
Feeding point= (0,5.28)
High frequency= 6.53 GHz
Low frequency= 6.03 GHz
Center frequency= 6.53+6.03/2
=6.28 GHz
Bandwidth = freq. high - freq. Low
= 0.5 GHz
Fractional bandwidth= 0.5/6.28 *100
= 7.96%

18. 2.By modifying the patch of the antenna.
An antenna's patch may be cut in order to make it wideband. This is due
to the fact that breaking the patch may alter the antenna's resonance
frequency, which may in turn broaden the antenna's bandwidth.
The way this works is that an antenna's size and shape have an impact on
its resonance frequency. Cutting the patch alters the antenna's size and
form, which in turn alters the resonant frequency. This can result in the
antenna's bandwidth expanding.

19. U cut slot shape patch antenna

20. RETURN LOSS VS FREQUENCY GRAPH
20

21. CALCULATION
Feeding point= (8,-2)
High frequency= 5.39 GHz
Low frequency= 5.02 GHz
Center frequency= 5.39+5.02/2
=5.20 GHz
Bandwidth = freq. high - freq. Low
= 0.37 GHz
Fractional bandwidth= 0.37/5.20 *100
= 7.11%
21

22. 22
CONCLUSION
In this paper, a new rectangular patch microstrip antenna with
slots has been designed and investigated using the partial
ground approach for UWB applications. In this project report we
have used different patch cutting techniques like U-cut and also
by modifying the ground plane by using bow tie plane. Although
we did not get the desired output but we have attached the
somewhat similar to the final output.

23. 23
REFERENCES
[1] Kumar P. and Singh G., Gap-Coupling: A Potential Method for Enhancing
the Bandwidth of Microstrip Antennas., Advanced Computational
Techniques in Electromagnetic, (2012) 1- 6.
[2] Balanis C. A., Antenna Theory, Analysis, and Design., John Wiley & Sons,
Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey (2005)
[3] Hsing, Y. C., and Tao Y., Performance improvement of a U-slot patch
antenna using a dual-band frequency selective surface with modified
Jerusalem cross elements., IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59(9) (2011) 3482-
3486
[4] Hsing, Y. C. and Tao Y., Antenna gain and bandwidth enhancement using
frequency selective surface with double rectangular ring elements., in:
Proceedings of International Symposium on Antenna, Propagation and EM
Theory, Guangzhou, China, (2010) 271- 274.

24. THANK YOU
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