Wireless Communications: They are commonly used in mobile phones, Wi-Fi routers, and other wireless devices. Satellite Communication: Patch antennas are used in satellite communication systems, including satellite TV and GPS. Aerospace and Defense: They are employed in radar systems, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and other military applications. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): RFID technology often utilizes microstrip patch antennas for reading tags and tracking assets. Medical Devices: In medical telemetry and wireless monitoring devices, patch antennas enable wireless communication. IoT (Internet of Things): IoT devices use compact and efficient antennas, with microstrip patch antennas being a common choice. Automotive: In-vehicle communication systems, including GPS and entertainment systems, use microstrip patch antennas. In summary, microstrip patch antennas are versatile and essential components in modern wireless communication systems and electronic devices. Their compact size, low profile, and ease of integration make them valuable for a wide range of applications across industries. Their performance can be tailored through careful design and optimization to meet specific requirements, making them a popular choice for engineers and designers.

1. Design and Analysis of Inset fed Micro-Strip Patch
Antenna at 6GHz
Submitted by-
Aaditya Darakh(20BEC001)
Aryan Desai(20BEC013)
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Under Guidance of
Dr. Manisha Upadhyay
Dr. Rutul Patel
2EC701 MICROWAVE ANTENNA ENGINEERING SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Motivation
• Objective
• Design Equations
• Inferences
• Conclusion
• References

3. Introduction
What is Inset Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna?
• An "inset-fed microstrip patch antenna" is a type of microstrip patch antenna that features a feeding
mechanism where the feeding point is located inside the patch area, as opposed to being at the edge or
corner of the patch. This feeding method is sometimes referred to as "inset feeding."
• Inset-fed microstrip patch antennas offer advantages such as ease of fabrication, compact size, and the
ability to be integrated into various electronic devices. They are commonly used in modern communication
systems due to their versatility and performance characteristics.
What are the design parameters of an Inset Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna?
• Patch Geometry: Features a conductive radiating patch on a dielectric substrate.
• Feeding Mechanism: Feed point is located inside the patch, impacting impedance matching.
• Dielectric Substrate: Utilizes a dielectric material to separate the patch from the ground plane.
• Radiation Pattern: Provides directional radiation patterns, suitable for focused beamwidths.
• Frequency of Operation: Operating frequency is determined by patch size, shape, substrate, and feeding point location.
• Applications: Used in wireless communication, satellite communication, radar systems, and compact antenna designs.

4. Motivation
The motivation for using Inset-Fed Microstrip Patch antennas in various
applications:
1. Compact and Low-Profile: These antennas are space-efficient and ideal for applications with limited physical
space or where a low-profile design is desired.
2. Directional Control: Inset-fed microstrip patch antennas offer highly directional radiation patterns, crucial for
precise signal coverage in applications like point-to-point communication and radar systems.
3. Integration and Versatility: Their planar design allows for easy integration into electronic devices, and they can
be tailored for different frequency bands and polarization requirements, enhancing versatility.
4. Cost-Effective Manufacturing: Using printed circuit board (PCB) technology, they are cost-effective to
manufacture at scale.
5. Efficient Performance: These antennas provide good impedance matching, efficient power transfer, and minimal
signal loss, making them an attractive choice for various communication scenarios, including wireless
communication, satellite links, and mobile devices.

5. Objective
The objectives of this report are to:
1. Design an inset-fed microstrip patch antenna operating at 6 GHz.
2. Simulate the antenna in MATLAB.
3. Analyze the antenna performance in terms of Impedance v/s Frequency Plot, Return
Loss etc.
4. Draw inferences from the results acquired in the simulation.

6. Design Equations
The width of patch is given by (1)
The effective dielectric constant is given by (2)
The length extension ∆L is given by (3)
The length of patch is given by (4)
The Inset point is given by (5)

7. Design Simulation using MATLAB
Fig 1 Simulation of Inset Fed
Micro-Strip Patch
Fig 2 Radiation Pattern observed
at 6 GHz

8. Design Simulation using MATLAB
Fig 3 Impedence versus Frequency
Plot for 5GHz
Fig 4 Return Loss Plot

9. Design Simulation using MATLAB
Fig 5 VSWR Plot for given Frequency
Range of Antenna
Fig 6 Representation of Polar plot on Antenna

10. Inferences
● High Directionality: The antenna's 3D radiation pattern and polar plot emphasize its high degree of
directivity, making it suitable for applications requiring precise signal control and focused radiation.
● Efficient Signal Concentration: The 98-degree beam width ensures that the antenna efficiently
concentrates its radiated energy, which is particularly advantageous for targeted directional coverage.
● Optimal Impedance Matching: The Return Loss of 14 dB at 6.4 GHz showcases excellent impedance
matching, indicating minimal signal loss and efficient power transfer at its resonant frequency.
● Versatility: This antenna is versatile, well-suited for a range of applications including wireless
communication, radar, and satellite communication.
● Precision Engineering: The antenna design demonstrates precision engineering, offering an innovative
approach to directional signal transmission and reception.
● Frequency-Specific Performance: The VSWR's lowest value of 2 dB at 6.4 GHz indicates optimal
performance within the 5 GHz to 6.4 GHz range, making it highly effective for applications operating
within this spectrum.

11. Conclusion
● The antenna at 6 GHz excels in wireless tech.
● 3D radiation pattern with 7.48 dB gain is ideal for precision.
● Directional polar pattern ensures accuracy.
● 98-degree beam width enhances its utility.
● 14 dB Return Loss for optimal performance.

12. References
[1]. Y. K. Choukiker, S. K. Behera, B. K. Pandey and R. Jyoti, "Optimization of plannar antenna for ISM band using PSO," 2010 Second
International conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies, Karur, 2010,
[2]. Fan Yang et.al “Wide band E-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 49,
1094 1100, 2001. F. Yang, Xue-Xia Zhang, Xiaoning Ye and Y. Rahmat- Samii, "Wide-band E-shaped patch antennas for wireless
communications," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,
[3]. P. kumar Deb, T. Moyra and P. Bhowmik, "Return loss and bandwidth enhancement of microstrip antenna using Defected Ground
Structure (DGS)," 2015 2nd International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), Noida, 2015,.
[4]. Y. Hu, D. R. Jackson, J. T. Williams, S. A. Long and V. R.Komanduri, "Characterization of the Input Impedance of the Inset-
FedRectangular Microstrip Antenna," in IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 3314-3318, Oct. 2008.
[5]. C.A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, 2nd edition. New York: JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., 1997
[6]. K.C Gupta, Ramesh Garg, Inder Bahl, Prakash Bhartia,Microstrip lines and Slot lines, Second Edition, Artech House
INC,Boston: London, 1996, ISBN 0-89006-766-X

13. THANK YOU