This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications
which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4
(lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the
circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed
antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of
dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation
Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides
low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around
79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size
and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency
and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Antenna for CDMA Systems CommunicationIOSR Journals
This paper proposes a newly designed microstrip patch antennas (MSA) for wireless application
(CDMA Systems). The designed single antenna E-shaped patch antenna. Two parallel slots are in corporated
into the patch of a microstrip antenna to expand it bandwidth, and designed antenna operates in the frequency
range of 1.85 to 1.99 GHz. The antenna is designed using air as a dielectric substrate between the ground plane
and substrate patch antenna. IE3D is a full-wave electromagnetic simulator based on the method of moments
(MoM) technique. It has been widely used in the design of MICs, RFICs, patch antennas, wire antennas, and
other RF/wireless antennas. It can be used to calculate and plot the S parameters, VSWR, current distributions
as well as the radiation patterns. The results obtained for each patch were 2D and 3D view of patch, Directivity,
Gain, beam width and other such parameters, true and mapped 3D radiation pattern, and 2D polar radiation
pattern. The antenna successfully achieves the exhibit a broad impedance bandwidth of 27 % (at VSWR < 2)
with respect to the center frequency of 1.9 GHz is designed, fabricated, and finally measured on Spectrum
analyzer. The radiation pattern and directivity are also presented.. Gain maximum achievable is 3 dBi and good
return loss (S11 parameters) of -30 dB is achieved along with broadside radiation pattern.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Antenna for CDMA Systems CommunicationIOSR Journals
This paper proposes a newly designed microstrip patch antennas (MSA) for wireless application
(CDMA Systems). The designed single antenna E-shaped patch antenna. Two parallel slots are in corporated
into the patch of a microstrip antenna to expand it bandwidth, and designed antenna operates in the frequency
range of 1.85 to 1.99 GHz. The antenna is designed using air as a dielectric substrate between the ground plane
and substrate patch antenna. IE3D is a full-wave electromagnetic simulator based on the method of moments
(MoM) technique. It has been widely used in the design of MICs, RFICs, patch antennas, wire antennas, and
other RF/wireless antennas. It can be used to calculate and plot the S parameters, VSWR, current distributions
as well as the radiation patterns. The results obtained for each patch were 2D and 3D view of patch, Directivity,
Gain, beam width and other such parameters, true and mapped 3D radiation pattern, and 2D polar radiation
pattern. The antenna successfully achieves the exhibit a broad impedance bandwidth of 27 % (at VSWR < 2)
with respect to the center frequency of 1.9 GHz is designed, fabricated, and finally measured on Spectrum
analyzer. The radiation pattern and directivity are also presented.. Gain maximum achievable is 3 dBi and good
return loss (S11 parameters) of -30 dB is achieved along with broadside radiation pattern.
E shape microstrip patch antenna design for wimax applications, international...Sk Sohag
This paper presents the design & simulation of E-shape microstrip patch antenna exhibiting wideband operating frequencies for various wireless applications. This antenna will provide the wide bandwidth which is required in various applications like remote sensing, biomedical application, mobile radio satellite, wireless communication etc. The coaxial feed or probe feed technique is used in the experiment. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in terms of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The design is optimized to meet the best possible result. The proposed antenna is designed by air substrate which has a dielectric constant of 1.0006. The results show the wideband antenna is able to operate from 8.80 to 13.49 GHz frequency band with optimum frequency at 8.73 GHz.
A small H-shaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with enhanced bandwidth is presented. The H-shaped antenna is first studied and then fully simulated by HFSS. A dual U slot H patch configuration is proposed to increase the narrow bandwidth, radiation efficiency and directivity. A novel H-shaped patch antenna suitable for wireless and satellite communications is presented. This paper presents the dual U slot H-shaped microstrip patch antenna feed by transmission line. The decrease in the prices of handheld devices and services has made available on the move internet and web services facility to the customers, small antennas requirement are increasing. In this paper H-shaped patch antenna is designed using FR4 substrate. The proposed modified H shaped antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS and caters to various wireless applications such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi, UMTS and Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) e.g. T V, etc.
TRI-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR S-BAND NANO SATELLITE APPLICATION USING...ijsrd.com
It's the generation of tiny satellites which basically needs all its components to be miniature. The product proposed here is one such component, a tri band micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.6GHz, 3.6GHz S-band frequencies and 5.8 GHz. This real-time project work deals with a rectangular patch antenna operating at different frequencies working for various applications. The proposed S-Band Patch antenna is being designed and simulated using HFSS software. Obtaining optimum bandwidth efficiency by choosing suitable size without affecting any other parameters of the antenna is the challenge taken over in this project. The low profile, less weight patch antenna has antenna element of physical dimension 40x40x2.6mm .The substrate material being used is Alumina with dielectric constant 9.6. This antenna is designed to be used for TTC and payload downlink purposes. The designed patch array antenna meets all the parametric needs for a Polar orbiting satellite at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
Design and Improved Performance of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna for ...IJERA Editor
In the resent year the development in communication system requires the development of low cast, minimum weight and low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over wide spectrum of frequency. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of micro strip patch antenna. The object of this paper is to design an micro strip line fed rectangular micro strip patch antenna which operate in C-band at 5.33 GHz the antenna design is based on high frequency structure simulation (HFSS) software which is infinite element method based. This proposed antenna is design at height of 1.5 mm from the ground plane at frequency of 5.33GHz. The HFSS software has become the most versatile, easy to used, efficient and accurate simulation tool. After the simulation the performance characteristics such as input impedance, return loss, and VSWR are obtained
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTEENA USING METAMATERIAL SUBSTRATEPrateek Kumar
Dissertation part-1 presentation on design of rectangular patch antenna using metamaterial substrate by Prateek Kumar from RUSTAMJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORDER SECURITY FORCE TEKANPUR GWALIOR (M.P).
Design of Dual Frequency Antenna For Global Positioning systemijsrd.com
In recent years low profile, light weight antennas are preferred for the applications which need mobility. In this research the polygonal-shape Microstrip Single Patch Antenna has been designed for GPS dual resonant frequencies (GPS L1 1.575 GHz & L5 1.176 GHz band). Simulated results for main parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, radiation patterns and gains are also discussed herein. The Designing, Simulation & Optimization of this antenna is done in ADS Software. Result of the simulation shows at 1.575 GHz and 1.176 GHz, the antenna has return loss at -20.862 dB and -14.162 dB respectively. .
Microstrip Rectangular Monopole Antennas with Defected Ground for UWB Applica...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the design of new compact antennas for ultra wide band applications. Each antenna consists of a rectangular patch fed by 50Ω microstrip transmission line and the ground element is a defected ground structure (DGS). The aim of this study is to improve the bandwidth of these antennas by using DGS and the modification geometry of rectangular structure, which gives new compact antennas for UWB applications. The input impedance bandwidth of the antennas with S11<-10dB is more than 10GHz, from 3GHz to more than 14 GHz. The proposed antennas are investigated and optimized by using CST microwave studio, they are validated by using another electromagnetic solver Ansoft HFSS. The measured parameters present good agreement with simulation. The final antenna structures offer excellent performances for UWB system.
5G Fixed Beam Switching on Microstrip Patch Antenna IJECEIAES
5G technology is using millimeter-wave band to improve the wireless communication system. However, narrow transmitter and receiver beams have caused the beam coverage area to be limited. Due to propagation limitations of mm wave band, beam forming technology with multi-beam based communication system, has been focused to overcome the problem. In this letter, a fixed beam switching method is introduced. By changing the switches, four different configurations of patch array antennas are designed to investigate their performances in terms of radiation patterns, beam forming angle, gain, half-power bandwidth and impedance bandwidth at 28 GHz operating frequency for 5G application. Mircostrip antenna is preferred due to its low profile, easy in feeding and array configurations. Three different beam directions had been formed at -15°, 0°, and 15° with half-power bandwidth of range 45˚ to 50˚.
Phi shape uwb antenna with band notch characteristicsKiran Ajetrao
In this paper a novel band notch antenna in UWB
frequency range is designed using split rings. Split rings are
overlapped with designed monopole to give phi shape. The slit
gap gives band-notch operation from 5.1GHz to 6.29GHz and
from 4.94GHz to 5.91GHz for SPSSR and SPSCR antennas
respectively. Simulated and measured results are in good
agreement.
Designing of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for C-Band ApplicationIJMER
Microstrip patch antenna becoming very popular day by day because of its ease of analysis, fabrication, low cast, light weight easy to feed and their attractive radiation characteristics. In this paper we proposed the designed of rectangular microstrip patch antenna to operate at frequency range 5-6 GHz. The simulation is carried out using high frequency simulation structure (HFSS) program.
The antenna is based on the modified epoxy substrate with dielectric constant of approximate 4.4. After simulation rectangular microstrip antenna performs characteristics such as VSWR & return loss smith chart
A PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN WITH BOOSTED BANDWIDTH FOR ISM BAND APPLICATIONSpijans
In recent times, the utilization of microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) has increased due to their simple
production, simple analysis, low cost, lightweight, easy feeding, and superior radiation characteristics.
Limited bandwidth is a key disadvantage of MPAs. In this paper, a rectangular patch antenna with partial
ground plane (PGP) strategy for ISM applications is proposed to overcome this deficiency and its
performance is compared with that of a traditional patch antenna. A low-cost FR-4 substrate with a
dielectric constant of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm is used to make both antennas designed. The antennas
are analyzed and simulated at the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz using CST software. The simulation
results show that the proposed antenna has a 0.1465 GHz i.e. 146.5 MHz bandwidth, which is more than
1.77 times larger than a conventional antenna (bandwidth = 0.0827 GHz i.e. 82.7MHz). The suggested
antenna is suitable for a wide range of wireless communication standards, such as Bluetooth (2.4 to 2.485
GHz), WiMAX (2.3 to 2.4 GHz), Microwave ovens (2.4 to 2.48 GHz), RFID (2.4 to 2.5 GHz), S-Band (2.3
to 2.4 GHz), Wireless Communication Services (WCS) 2.345 GHz to 2.360 GHz, and 4G LTE (2.3 to 2.315
GHz).
E shape microstrip patch antenna design for wimax applications, international...Sk Sohag
This paper presents the design & simulation of E-shape microstrip patch antenna exhibiting wideband operating frequencies for various wireless applications. This antenna will provide the wide bandwidth which is required in various applications like remote sensing, biomedical application, mobile radio satellite, wireless communication etc. The coaxial feed or probe feed technique is used in the experiment. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in terms of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The design is optimized to meet the best possible result. The proposed antenna is designed by air substrate which has a dielectric constant of 1.0006. The results show the wideband antenna is able to operate from 8.80 to 13.49 GHz frequency band with optimum frequency at 8.73 GHz.
A small H-shaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with enhanced bandwidth is presented. The H-shaped antenna is first studied and then fully simulated by HFSS. A dual U slot H patch configuration is proposed to increase the narrow bandwidth, radiation efficiency and directivity. A novel H-shaped patch antenna suitable for wireless and satellite communications is presented. This paper presents the dual U slot H-shaped microstrip patch antenna feed by transmission line. The decrease in the prices of handheld devices and services has made available on the move internet and web services facility to the customers, small antennas requirement are increasing. In this paper H-shaped patch antenna is designed using FR4 substrate. The proposed modified H shaped antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS and caters to various wireless applications such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi, UMTS and Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) e.g. T V, etc.
TRI-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR S-BAND NANO SATELLITE APPLICATION USING...ijsrd.com
It's the generation of tiny satellites which basically needs all its components to be miniature. The product proposed here is one such component, a tri band micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.6GHz, 3.6GHz S-band frequencies and 5.8 GHz. This real-time project work deals with a rectangular patch antenna operating at different frequencies working for various applications. The proposed S-Band Patch antenna is being designed and simulated using HFSS software. Obtaining optimum bandwidth efficiency by choosing suitable size without affecting any other parameters of the antenna is the challenge taken over in this project. The low profile, less weight patch antenna has antenna element of physical dimension 40x40x2.6mm .The substrate material being used is Alumina with dielectric constant 9.6. This antenna is designed to be used for TTC and payload downlink purposes. The designed patch array antenna meets all the parametric needs for a Polar orbiting satellite at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
Design and Improved Performance of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna for ...IJERA Editor
In the resent year the development in communication system requires the development of low cast, minimum weight and low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over wide spectrum of frequency. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of micro strip patch antenna. The object of this paper is to design an micro strip line fed rectangular micro strip patch antenna which operate in C-band at 5.33 GHz the antenna design is based on high frequency structure simulation (HFSS) software which is infinite element method based. This proposed antenna is design at height of 1.5 mm from the ground plane at frequency of 5.33GHz. The HFSS software has become the most versatile, easy to used, efficient and accurate simulation tool. After the simulation the performance characteristics such as input impedance, return loss, and VSWR are obtained
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTEENA USING METAMATERIAL SUBSTRATEPrateek Kumar
Dissertation part-1 presentation on design of rectangular patch antenna using metamaterial substrate by Prateek Kumar from RUSTAMJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORDER SECURITY FORCE TEKANPUR GWALIOR (M.P).
Design of Dual Frequency Antenna For Global Positioning systemijsrd.com
In recent years low profile, light weight antennas are preferred for the applications which need mobility. In this research the polygonal-shape Microstrip Single Patch Antenna has been designed for GPS dual resonant frequencies (GPS L1 1.575 GHz & L5 1.176 GHz band). Simulated results for main parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, radiation patterns and gains are also discussed herein. The Designing, Simulation & Optimization of this antenna is done in ADS Software. Result of the simulation shows at 1.575 GHz and 1.176 GHz, the antenna has return loss at -20.862 dB and -14.162 dB respectively. .
Microstrip Rectangular Monopole Antennas with Defected Ground for UWB Applica...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the design of new compact antennas for ultra wide band applications. Each antenna consists of a rectangular patch fed by 50Ω microstrip transmission line and the ground element is a defected ground structure (DGS). The aim of this study is to improve the bandwidth of these antennas by using DGS and the modification geometry of rectangular structure, which gives new compact antennas for UWB applications. The input impedance bandwidth of the antennas with S11<-10dB is more than 10GHz, from 3GHz to more than 14 GHz. The proposed antennas are investigated and optimized by using CST microwave studio, they are validated by using another electromagnetic solver Ansoft HFSS. The measured parameters present good agreement with simulation. The final antenna structures offer excellent performances for UWB system.
5G Fixed Beam Switching on Microstrip Patch Antenna IJECEIAES
5G technology is using millimeter-wave band to improve the wireless communication system. However, narrow transmitter and receiver beams have caused the beam coverage area to be limited. Due to propagation limitations of mm wave band, beam forming technology with multi-beam based communication system, has been focused to overcome the problem. In this letter, a fixed beam switching method is introduced. By changing the switches, four different configurations of patch array antennas are designed to investigate their performances in terms of radiation patterns, beam forming angle, gain, half-power bandwidth and impedance bandwidth at 28 GHz operating frequency for 5G application. Mircostrip antenna is preferred due to its low profile, easy in feeding and array configurations. Three different beam directions had been formed at -15°, 0°, and 15° with half-power bandwidth of range 45˚ to 50˚.
Phi shape uwb antenna with band notch characteristicsKiran Ajetrao
In this paper a novel band notch antenna in UWB
frequency range is designed using split rings. Split rings are
overlapped with designed monopole to give phi shape. The slit
gap gives band-notch operation from 5.1GHz to 6.29GHz and
from 4.94GHz to 5.91GHz for SPSSR and SPSCR antennas
respectively. Simulated and measured results are in good
agreement.
Designing of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for C-Band ApplicationIJMER
Microstrip patch antenna becoming very popular day by day because of its ease of analysis, fabrication, low cast, light weight easy to feed and their attractive radiation characteristics. In this paper we proposed the designed of rectangular microstrip patch antenna to operate at frequency range 5-6 GHz. The simulation is carried out using high frequency simulation structure (HFSS) program.
The antenna is based on the modified epoxy substrate with dielectric constant of approximate 4.4. After simulation rectangular microstrip antenna performs characteristics such as VSWR & return loss smith chart
A PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN WITH BOOSTED BANDWIDTH FOR ISM BAND APPLICATIONSpijans
In recent times, the utilization of microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) has increased due to their simple
production, simple analysis, low cost, lightweight, easy feeding, and superior radiation characteristics.
Limited bandwidth is a key disadvantage of MPAs. In this paper, a rectangular patch antenna with partial
ground plane (PGP) strategy for ISM applications is proposed to overcome this deficiency and its
performance is compared with that of a traditional patch antenna. A low-cost FR-4 substrate with a
dielectric constant of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm is used to make both antennas designed. The antennas
are analyzed and simulated at the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz using CST software. The simulation
results show that the proposed antenna has a 0.1465 GHz i.e. 146.5 MHz bandwidth, which is more than
1.77 times larger than a conventional antenna (bandwidth = 0.0827 GHz i.e. 82.7MHz). The suggested
antenna is suitable for a wide range of wireless communication standards, such as Bluetooth (2.4 to 2.485
GHz), WiMAX (2.3 to 2.4 GHz), Microwave ovens (2.4 to 2.48 GHz), RFID (2.4 to 2.5 GHz), S-Band (2.3
to 2.4 GHz), Wireless Communication Services (WCS) 2.345 GHz to 2.360 GHz, and 4G LTE (2.3 to 2.315
GHz).
A PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN WITH BOOSTED BANDWIDTH FOR ISM BAND APPLICATIONSpijans
In recent times, the utilization of microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) has increased due to their simple
production, simple analysis, low cost, lightweight, easy feeding, and superior radiation characteristics.
Limited bandwidth is a key disadvantage of MPAs. In this paper, a rectangular patch antenna with partial
ground plane (PGP) strategy for ISM applications is proposed to overcome this deficiency and its
performance is compared with that of a traditional patch antenna. A low-cost FR-4 substrate with a
dielectric constant of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm is used to make both antennas designed. The antennas
are analyzed and simulated at the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz using CST software. The simulation
results show that the proposed antenna has a 0.1465 GHz i.e. 146.5 MHz bandwidth, which is more than
1.77 times larger than a conventional antenna (bandwidth = 0.0827 GHz i.e. 82.7MHz). The suggested
antenna is suitable for a wide range of wireless communication standards, such as Bluetooth (2.4 to 2.485
GHz), WiMAX (2.3 to 2.4 GHz), Microwave ovens (2.4 to 2.48 GHz), RFID (2.4 to 2.5 GHz), S-Band (2.3
to 2.4 GHz), Wireless Communication Services (WCS) 2.345 GHz to 2.360 GHz, and 4G LTE (2.3 to 2.315
GHz).
Miniaturised tri-band microstrip patch antenna design for radio and millimet...nooriasukmaningtyas
This research presents an extremely small, cheap and simple structure of multiple bands antenna, where is the proposed design comprise squareslotted a microstrip patch antenna with triple bands of RF and mm-wave for 5G. The conducting material is a perfect electrical conductor on both sides. The antenna is printed on FR-4 lossy with a 3.9 of epsilon. Our tiny antenna has a size of 1.5357x1.5357 mm2 . First, the design parameters were calculated using formulas and then these were simulated by the CST MWS. The simulation results show the antenna performance at the RF band from 0 to 3.4096 GHz with 3.29 gain, a value of return loss S11 and bandwidth of -13.229644 and 3.4096 GHz. The designed antenna works at the mm-wave band ranges 43.5-64 GHz with 3.49 gain, -42.419084 S11 and 20.252 GHz BW. Our antenna can also operate at the mm-wave from 81-95 GHz with -22.269547 S11, 4.52 gain, and 14.085 GHz BW. The small size and supported bandwidth of the designed antenna is suitable for thin and fast transmission devices.
Microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure for biomedical applic...journalBEEI
Proper narrowband antenna design for wearable devices in the biomedical application is a significant field of research interest. In this work, defected ground structure-based microstrip patch antenna has been proposed that can work for narrowband applications. The proposed antenna works exactly for a single channel of ISM band. The resonant frequency of the antenna is 2.45 GHz with a return loss of around -30 dB. The -10dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 20 MHz (2.442-2.462 GHz), which is the bandwidth of channel 9 in ISM band. The antenna has achieved a high gain of 7.04 dBi with an increase of 17.63% antenna efficiency in terms of realized gain by using defected ground structure. Three linear vector arrays of arrangement 1 2, 1 4 and 1 8 have been designed to validate the proposed antenna performances as an array. The proposed antenna is light weighted, low cost, easy to fabricate and with better performances that makes it suitable for biomedical WLAN applications.
A Low Profile CombinedArray Antenna for Wireless Applicationdbpublications
In wireless communication, micro strip antenna is used for various applications such as Wireless local area network, Bluetooth, Cordless Telephones and ISM band. Here a low profile microstrip antenna is to be designed. The antenna is constructed with FR4 substrate having relative permittivity of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The unique (symmetric) array design enhances the narrow bandwidth and gain. The design results in extended WLANin X-band applications. Using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software package, the antenna is simulated and dimensions are adjusted to achieve the desired resonant frequencies for desired operation.
A wideband deltoid leaf fractal antenna is proposed for 5.8 GHz commonly used in industrial scientific and medical (ISM) and wireless local area networks (WLAN) applications. A microstrip patch antennas is designed with leaf shape radiating element. Using a leaf shape, it is possible to increase the perimeter of a design and thus reduce the overall dimensions of the antenna. A circular ring slot is made on the leaf shaped radiator, in a way that a circular disc is loaded at centre. Triangular fractal slots are made inside the circular disc to make it miniaturized. A partial ground is maintained with slot at centre. The antenna is fed by micro-strip feed. The locality and measurements of the fractal slots are varied to make the antenna radiate at 5.8 GHz with wider bandwidth (BW) of (2.26 GHz). The complete size of the antenna is 40 mm3 × 40 mm3 × 1.6 mm3. The step-by-step implementation of the antenna and the effects of its dimensions are compared and presented using the reflection coefficient curve. The measured reflections coefficient |S11|<-10 dB maintained the operational band from (5.36 GHz 7.62 GHz), with gain 4.2 dBi. The proposed antenna is planned and simulated using high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The simulated and measured comparison showed good agreement, the designed antenna is suitable for 5.8 GHz WLAN applications with wider bandwidth requirements.
Design and Analysis of MIMO Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication SystemsIJCNCJournal
In this work, the circular array microstrip patch antenna (MPA) design is proposed for the 5G wireless communication and the millimeter- wave frequency being utilized for this communication system to enhance the coverage area. Here, the Multi Input Multi Output feeding technique is utilized to improve the performance of the proposed design at a resonant frequency of 35 GHz with RT-Duroid 5880 material as substrate. It has 2.2 dielectric constant value and the thickness is 0.5mm.The simulation analysis has obtained the gain as 8.8dB and return loss as -41.9dB. Also, two MPA designs such as single element MPA and 2x2 rectangular array MPA are designed to validate the proposed antenna design. A comparative analysis has proved that the circular array MPA is preferable for the 5G wireless communication system compared to the other two designs such as single element MPA and 2x2 rectangular array MPA.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MIMO PATCH ANTENNA FOR 5G WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSIJCNCJournal
In this work, the circular array microstrip patch antenna (MPA) design is proposed for the 5G wireless
communication and the millimeter- wave frequency being utilized for this communication system to
enhance the coverage area. Here, the Multi Input Multi Output feeding technique is utilized to improve the
performance of the proposed design at a resonant frequency of 35 GHz with RT-Duroid 5880 material as
substrate. It has 2.2 dielectric constant value and the thickness is 0.5mm.The simulation analysis has
obtained the gain as 8.8dB and return loss as -41.9dB. Also, two MPA designs such as single element MPA
and 2x2 rectangular array MPA are designed to validate the proposed antenna design. A comparative
analysis has proved that the circular array MPA is preferable for the 5G wireless communication system
compared to the other two designs such as single element MPA and 2x2 rectangular array MPA.
Rectangular and circular antennas design for Bluetooth applicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The most researched and examined aspect of the communication system is the wireless connection. Without learning how to operate and use different types of antennas, your knowledge is incomplete. Microstrip patch antenna research has advanced significantly in recent years. When compared to standard antennas, microstrip patch antennas provide additional advantages and opportunities. It is of low volume, light weight, low cost, low appearance, compact and easy to manufacture. This study investigates the differences between rectangular and circular patch antennas. For Bluetooth applications, the center frequency of 2.4 GHz was chosen as the optimal resonant frequency. On a flame retardant (FR-4) epoxy substrate, the antenna dielectric constant is 4.4. Above the ground the base rises 3.6 mm. For the simulation process, high frequency simulation software (HFSS 15) is used as the program design. Antennas 1×1, 1×2, and 1×4 are designed for both circular and rectangular antennas. A comparison was made for both types of antennas and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), return losses, gain, directivity and half power beam width (HPBW) were found, and the feature of the rectangular antenna was shown.
Design of high gain dual T-shaped stub antenna for satellite communicationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The ultra wide band (UWB) antennas play a vital role in supporting different wireless standards and are suitable for wide variety of applications. This paper is aimed to present a novel UWB dual notch microstrip antenna with modified ground plane. The antenna is designed to operate in UWB ranging from 2 GHz to 12 GHz with multi band operation. This will help in operating the antenna for different operations independently. The proposed structure will operate in two notch bands 3.3-4 GHz (Wi-MAX), 5.05-5.9 GHz (WLAN) and the structure is suitable for long distance communications because of its increased directivity. The structure can also be used for X-Band applications for various applications of traffic control, weather forecasting and vehicle speed detection systems. It is observed that, the proposed structure is offering a gain of 5.2 dBi with improved directivity with a beam width of 42.230. This makes the antenna structure suitable for long distance satellite communications. The antenna is supporting the circular polarization at higher the frequencies and can be useful for the upcoming 5G mobile applications. Moreover, the proposed structure offers the less interference at the receiver. The structure is found to be smaller in dimensions, easily fabricated at low costs and can be integrated into any compact wireless devices. The structure is simulated using a commercially available software Ansys-HFSS and is analyzed.
A Review on Recent DGS Techniques on Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for W...ijtsrd
In this paper, showing review multiband microstrip patch antennas based on many different design techniques and operating principles along with its properties and configurations. Multiband antennas have become attractive due to their inherent feature of being a single solution to many requirements associated with different frequency bands. For the compact communication devices and systems, a multiband antenna with efficient transmission and reception performance is essential. In this review paper, various methods implemented by different researchers to achieve multiband operation in microstrip patch antenna with improved parameters for different standards of wireless communication are summarized. Kirti Mishra | Abdul Samee Khan | Ashish Pouranik "A Review on Recent DGS Techniques on Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47637.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/47637/a-review-on-recent-dgs-techniques-on-multiband-microstrip-patch-antenna-for-wireless-applications/kirti-mishra
Design and optimization of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for dual-b...IJECEIAES
This paper introduces a new rectangular slot antenna structure based on a simple rectangular shape with two symmetrical rectangular slots on the radiated element. The aim of this work is to design an antenna and enhance it to function in the band (2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz). We formulated the dimensions of the antenna using the transmission line model of the analytical methods and then we optimized these parameters using the CST Microwave Studio simulator. We made changes to two important parameters in our design: the position and width of the slots when the other parameters are kept constant. The resulting antenna provides good adaptation, high gain that achieves 5.96 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 6.491 dBi at 5.8 GHz, good return loss values of -49.859 dB and -34.303 dB for the lower and upper operating frequencies respectively. For radio frequency identification (RFID) implementations, the proposed antenna is ideal, and its main advantage is that it has high gain and is simple to design and fabricate.
Small Size Planar Inverted-F Antenna for WiMAX ApplicationsIJEEE
This work presents a small size planner inverted-F antenna (PIFA), with a single feed which covers WiMAX (3.2-3.6 GHz) and (5-5.8 GHz) range. The proposed antenna has many advantages like compact size and wide operation bandwidth. The antenna portion of 20mm* 15mm and the overall dimension25mm *40mm can be easily applied in the USB dongle.
Antenna is the most important part of wireless communication. The recent growth in this industry makes the antenna more advanced and reliable. In various fields we need the use of highly characteristics antennas and these characteristics are based upon some parameters like bandwidth, gain, directivity etc. As compared to other antennas microstrip antenna can make possible to achieve the required characteristics for efficient communication because they are easily to fabricate and reduces the cost also. To make the microstrip antenna more advanced it use defected ground structure (DGS). The DGS structures are introduce to improve the performance of planar array antenna in terms of return loss, gain, directivity and voltage standing wave ratio. The goal of this paper is to understand the mathematical terms of antenna and feeding techniques so that it possible to know how to make the Microstrip antenna with DGS as more highly characterized antenna.
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DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS
1. International Journal on AdHoc Networking Systems (IJANS) Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2021
DOI: 10.5121/ijans.2021.11301 1
DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP
PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS
Chaitali Mukta1
, Mahfujur Rahman2
and Abu Zafor Md. Touhidul Islam1
1
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
2
Department of Information and Communication Engineering,
University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications
which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4
(lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the
circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed
antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of
dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation
Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides
low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around
79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size
and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency
and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed.
KEYWORDS
Circular patch antenna, WLAN, return loss, bandwidth, slot, FR-4 substrate, CST.
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays microstrip patch antenna can be used in variety of applications from military to
commercial because of its distinguished features like small size, low weight, low profile, low
fabrication cost, conformability to different shapes, consumes very less space, easy integration
with printed circuit boards, easy fabrication and efficient directive radiation pattern [1,2,3]. The
WLAN now plays a vital role for short distance wireless communication and users can access
internet in their portable devices through this network.
Microstrip patch antennas have a plannar structure consisting of three layers, central insulating
substrate layer and metallic radiating patch on its one side and a metallic ground on its other side.
The energy radiations from the patch antenna take place due to fringing fields from the edges of
the conducting patch [4]. There are many available shapes of radiating patch of the microstrip
antennas such as rectangular, circular, square, triangular, elliptical, etc. Among them rectangular,
circular and square shaped patch antennas are more commonly used because they are easy to
design and analyze the performance [5]. As the circular patch antenna has one degree of freedom
to control (radius), it is, therefore, simpler to design and its radiation can be easily controlled [6].
Also the size of the circular patch antenna is 16% less than that of the rectangular patch antenna
at the same design frequency [7].
2. International Journal on AdHoc Networking Systems (IJANS) Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2021
2
There are several methods to feed a microstrip patch antennas. The frequently used ones are
microstrip line, coaxial probe and aperture coupling [2]. In the proposed circular patch antenna
design, a microstrip line feed is used which consists of a conducting strip of a very small width
compared to that of the patch. It is a contacting feed method where electromagnetic field
coupling is used to transfer power between microstrip line and radiating patch.
Although microstrip patch antenna has been widely used in various wireless communication
systems, there is a key requirement to have an efficient antenna that would be capable of
transmitting signals with a low return loss, high data rate, high directivity and bandwidth.
However, patch antennas suffer from low gain, small bandwidth, and comparatively large size at
low frequencies [8]. In past years extensive research has been carried out to overcome these
shortcomings of the patch antenna. A number of useful techniques have been proposed by the
researcher to increase gain and enhance bandwidth [9,10].
Some applications of the microstrip antenna in communication systems require smaller antenna
size in order to meet the miniaturization requirements and hence size reduction of the patch
antenna has attracted much attention. Circular microstrip patch antenna is very useful in this
respect because of its small size and ease of fabrication. Different techniques have been
suggested for achieving size reduction [11-16] like implementing slots in patch, implementing
defected ground structure, use of high permittivity substrates, use of shorting pins, and
introduction of parasitic patches.
The aim of this work is to design a compact circular microstrip patch antenna that shows good
performance with respect to state-of-the-art designs. The proposed antenna use the method of
implementing slots on the patch and ground layers for achieving size reduction and microstrip
line feed to operate in the WLAN applications which cover 5.15 to 5.825 GHz band. The antenna
is design and simulated in CST Studio Suite 2015 software.
The rest of the paper is organized into several sections. Section II presents a review of the related
literature, while Section III formally describes the antenna design methodology. Simulation
results are presented and analyzed in Section IV. Finally, Section IV ends the paper with some
concluding remarks.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors in [20] proposed a circular microstrip antenna with a circular slot is etched on the
circular patch to provide wideband operation. Design parameters were FR-4 epoxy substrate (εr =
4.4) with ground plane dimension 25mm×25mm, radius of the circular patch 6.96mm and
substrate thickness 1mm.They design and simulate the antenna to operate in 5.8GHz in Finite
Element Method (FEM) based High Frequency Structural Simulation (HFSSTM
) tool. They found
a low return loss of -29dB with a wider bandwidth of 660MHz.
A coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed circular patch monopole antenna for WLAN/WiMAX
applications is presented in [21]. To reduce the size of conventional antenna and widen its
bandwidth the patch is loaded with slots. Their simulated result has a -10 dB impedance
bandwidth of 2.46 GHz in the band of 4.97-7.43 GHz.
An overview of circular microstrip antenna design is presented in [22] where it was concluded
that circular microstrip antenna can be designed for different frequency band and different
feeding methods like coaxial, strip line, aperture coupling or proximity coupling are available for
different substrate materials to excite the antenna.
3. International Journal on AdHoc Networking Systems (IJANS) Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2021
3
In [23], a comprehensive review of the recent research work done by various authors on the
design and optimization of the slotted circular microstrip patch antenna operating in C band is
presented. The slotted antennas are used in C Band applications like satellite communication,
WLAN, WiMAX, Wi-Fi etc. They concluded that the introduction of different slots on the
antenna have resulted in improvement of various performance parameters of the antenna like
gain, bandwidth, return loss etc.
A composite dual band circular microstrip patch with space opening for WLAN applications is
presented in [24]. The antenna configuration is simulated and analyzed with HFSS. A narrow
band high gain circular patch antenna has been designed for GSM1800 band and presented in
[25]. They found the return loss is -21 dB at 1.8 GHz for VSWR≤ 2. The gain of antenna was
increased by inverted suspended circular patch with same dimension of radiating patch from 7.5
dB to 8.5 dB and also it was increased from 8.2 dB to 8.5 dB by increasing the gap between top
and bottom patch from 1 mm to 4 mm.
Authors in [26] presented the design of a circular patch antenna operating at 5GHz for C band
applications. The antenna is designed using FEM based EM simulator software – Ansoft’s HFSS
v13. In [27], author reported that the bandwidth of microstrip patch antenna increases with the
help of slots. By using different shape of slot the gain of microstrip patch antenna can also be
improved and antenna straucture can be made more compact.
3. ANTENNA DESIGN
The proposed circular microstrip patch antenna is designed using CST Studio Suite 2015
software. Once the design is complete, the antenna can be simulated in the software to estimate
its real world performance. For antenna design, it is assumed that the dielectric constant of the
substrate (𝜀𝑟), the resonant frequency (𝑓
𝑟 in GHz), and the height of the substrate h (in mm) are
known. Then a set of simplified equations of cavity model is used for calculating design
parameters of circular microstrip patch antenna as follows.
Radius of the circular patch is given by [28]:
𝑎 =
𝐹
[1 +
2ℎ
𝜋𝐹𝜀𝑟
(ln
{
𝜋𝐹
2ℎ
} + 1.7726)]0.5
where,
𝐹 =
8.791 × 109
𝑓
𝑟√𝜀𝑟
𝜀𝑟= Dielectric constant of substrate
Length and width of the substrate can be calculated by
Substrate length, 𝐿𝑠𝑢𝑏 = 2 × 2𝑎
Substrate width, 𝑊𝑠𝑢𝑏 = 2 × 2𝑎
4. International Journal on AdHoc Networking Systems (IJANS) Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2021
4
For WLAN band (5.15-5.825) GHz, antenna design parameters are calculated as follows. Here
FR4 (lossy) substrate is used with dielectric constant 4.4 and the of the substrate height is chosen
as 1.4 mm. Then
(1) Resonance frequency 𝑓
𝑟=
5.15+5.825
2
= 5.4875𝐺𝐻𝑧 ≈ 5.5𝐺𝐻𝑧
(2) 𝐹 =
8.791×109
𝑓𝑟√𝜀𝑟
= 7.619 mm
Radius of the circular patch =
𝐹
[1+
2ℎ
𝜋𝐹𝜀𝑟
(ln
{
𝜋𝐹
2ℎ
}+1.7726)]0.5
= 6.4 mm
(3) Substrate length, 𝐿𝑠𝑢𝑏 = 2 × 2𝑎 = 25.6 mm
Substrate width, 𝑊𝑠𝑢𝑏 = 2 × 2𝑎 = 25.6 mm
Once we get calculated values of the antenna parameters, trial and error method is used to
improve the performance of the proposed antenna along with its size reduction. The geometry of
the proposed circular patch antenna is shown in Fig. 1. The radius of the circular patch is taken as
7.62mm and the antenna is printed on a FR4 (lossy) substrate having relative permittivity of 4.4
and substrate thickness of 1.4 mm. The dimension of ground plane, which is printed in the bottom
side of the substrate, is chosen to be 30mm×30mm. A circular slot is cut from the circular patch
and a square slot is cut from the ground plane to enhance the performance of the proposed
antenna. The radius of the circular slot is used as 4.5 mm and the dimension of the square slot
is19mm×19mm. Amicrostrip feed line with dimensions 6mm×2mm is used with the circular
patch to achieve the impedance matching 50𝛺 between the patch antenna and the transmission
line. The detailed dimensions of the proposed antenna are shown in table 1.
Table 1. Design Parameters and corresponding values
Parameter Length(mm) Width(mm) Height(mm) Material
Ground 30 30 0.035 Copper (annealed)
Substrate 30 30 1.4 FR-4 (lossy)
Microstrip line feed 6 2 0.035 Copper (annealed)
Patch Radius = 7.62 mm Copper (annealed)
Figure 1. Geometry of proposed circular patch antenna
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4. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The proposed circular microstrip patch antenna is designed and simulated using CST simulation
software. An optimization between size reduction and performance enhancement is maintained in
this work until satisfactory results were obtained. The performance of the proposed antenna is
investigated in terms of the following parameters: return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain,
directivity, total efficiency, and radiation pattern.
4.1. Return Loss
Return loss or S parameter indicates how much electromagnetic power from the microstrip patch
antenna is returning back (reflected power) and therefore it is known as reflection coefficient. It
determines the quality with respect to impedance match between the sending end (source) and the
receiving end (measured load). To obtain a successful radiation mode, return loss must be below -
10 dB. Figure 2 shows the S parameter versus frequency plot of the proposed antenna. It is seen
that the resonance frequency of the proposed antenna is 5.5 GHz. The curve shows return loss of
the antenna is -31.58 dB at 5.5 GHz which indicates the impedance match is better and the energy
loss is lesser.
The bandwidth of the designed antenna can be determined from Fig. 2 as the frequency range
bounded by a return loss of less than -10dB. The estimated -10 dB impedance bandwidth of the
antenna is 0.7019 GHz 702 MHz (from 5.129 GHz to 5.8309 GHz) which implies that the
proposed antenna satisfying the WLAN bands of (5.15-5.825) GHz.
Figure 2. S-Parameter Vs. frequency curve of the proposed antenna
4.2. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
The impedance mismatch between antenna and transmission line is measured by VSWR. The
VSWR value of less than 2 is acceptable for a good design antenna. Fig. 3 shows VSWR Vs.
frequency plot of the proposed antenna and it is seen that at the resonance frequency of 5.5 GHz
the value of VSWR is 1.054 which much less than 2. The lower VSWR indicating better
impedance match of the proposed antenna to the transmission line, and the higher the power
supplied to the antenna.
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Figure 3. VSWR Vs. frequency curve of the proposed antenna
4.3. Gain
The parameter gain describes how efficient an antenna can send out or receive power in a
particular direction. In other words, it indicates how much power is transmitted in a given
direction to the radiation intensity that would be produced by an isotropic antenna. Figure 4
shows the 3D plot of far-field gain of the proposed antenna and the estimated peak value of gain
is 3.229dB at the resonance frequency of 5.5 GHz.
Figure 4. 3D plot of far-field gain at 5.5 GHz
4.4. Directivity
The directivity measures how much intensely the antenna radiates power in its preferred direction
and is defined by the ratio of the maximum power density to its average value over a sphere as
observed in the far field. The 3D plot of far-field directivity of the proposed antenna at the
resonance frequency of 5.5 GHz is shown in Fig.5. It is noticed that the peak value of directivity
of the designed antenna is 4.275dBi.
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Figure 5. 3D plot of far-field directivity at 5.5 GHz
4.5. Total Efficiency
Antenna efficiency is defined as the ratio of the radiated power to the incident power at the
antenna in percentage. Figure 6 shows the total efficiency Vs. frequency curve of the proposed
antenna. It is observed that antenna efficiency is above 67% over the entire operating band (5.13
GHz - 5.83 GHz) with a maximum value of around 79% is achieved at the resonance frequency
of 5.5 GHz.
Figure 6. Total efficiency Vs. frequency curve of the proposed antenna
4.6. Radiation Pattern
The radiation pattern is the distribution of the radiated power from the antenna (in the case of
transmitting antenna), or received by the antenna (in the case of receiving antenna) as a function
of the direction angles from the antenna. In most cases, it is calculated in the far-field region and
explains both the E-field and H-field patterns.
4.6.1. E-field pattern
The polar plot of Far-field E–field pattern of the proposed antenna at 5.5 GHz is shown in Fig.7.
It is seen that the main lobe magnitude is 18 dBV/m and direction of main lobe is 10 degree. Fig.
8 shows the 3D plot of the Far-field E–field pattern of the designed antenna which shows the
maximum radiation intensity Emax is 17.99 dBV/m.
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Figure 7. Polar plot of Far-field E –field pattern at 5.5 GHz
Figure 8. 3D plot of Far-field E –field pattern at 5.5 GHz
4.6.2. H-field pattern
Figure 9 shows the polar plot of Far-field H–field pattern of the proposed antenna at 5.5 GHz. It
is seen that the main lobe magnitude is -33.5 dBA/m and direction of main lobe is 10 degree. The
3D plot of the Far-field H-field pattern of the designed antenna is shown in Fig. 10 which shows
the maximum radiation intensity Hmax is -33.53dBV/m.
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Figure 9. Polar plot of Far-field H-field pattern at 5.5 GHz
Figure 10. 3D plot of Far-field H-field pattern at 5.5 GHz
A summary of the above simulation results of the proposed compact designed circular microstrip
patch antenna is presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Summary of simulation results of the proposed antenna
Parameter Value
Resonance frequency 5.5 GHz
Return loss -31.5765
Bandwidth 0.7019 GHz (from 5.129 GHz to 5.8309 GHz).
VSWR 1.054
Total Efficiency about 79%
Gain 3.229dB
Realized Gain 3.226 dB
Directivity 4.275dBi
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5. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have proposed a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN
applications which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. To reduce the size of conventional
antenna and to enhance the overall performance of the proposed antenna, a circular slot of radius
4.5 mm is loaded on circular patch and a square slot of dimensions 19×19mm is etched on the
ground plane. The antenna is designed using CST Microsoft Studio Simulation Software. Various
performance parameters like return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, total efficiency and
radiation pattern are studied. The proposed antenna resonates at the frequency of 5.5 GHz with a
wider bandwidth of 702MHz (from 5.129 GHz to 5.8309 GHz) as expected. The antenna
provides low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high
total efficiency of around 79% at 5.5 GHz. These parametric results indicate that the proposed
compact designed circular microstrip patch antenna attains good performance and is suitable for
WLAN applications. An optimization between size reduction and performance enhancement is
maintained in this work.
In future work, we will focus on fabrication and testing of the proposed antenna and performance
comparison of the simulated and fabricated antenna. The performance of this antenna can be
further improved by cutting modified slots on the patch and ground plane, using different
substrate materials. By integrating this proposed single elemental design antenna into an array on
a single substrate, enhanced gain, directivity and efficiency can be obtained compared to its
singular counterpart.
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