The document discusses various web technologies and concepts including websites, web applications, intranets, extranets, the internet, URLs, IP addresses, domain name servers, internet service providers, protocols like TCP/IP and HTTP, and email systems. Key topics covered include the client-server model, static and dynamic web pages, advantages of using websites for businesses, and the functions of user agents and message transfer agents in email systems.

2. Web Technology
Means
to
Strengthen Competitive Advantage

3.  PRODUCT
 PLACE
 PRICE
 PROMOTION

4.  PRODUCT
 PLACE
 PRICE
 PROMOTION

5. Product
 Setting up a knowledge base that your
clients can have access to that includes a
FAQ or query.
 Using a feedback form where clients can
offer their input as to their needs and
product suggestions can help you to
determine valuable information about your
customers needs

6.  PRODUCT
 PLACE
 PRICE
 PROMOTION

7. Place (Distribution)
 Ways to enhance your distribution networks
may include using the web portal to enhance
logistics, create new marketing channels or
provide better and faster product access for
customers.
 Creating an affiliate program which entails
other firms listing your site URL on their
pages which in turn can equate to more traffic
for your site.

8.  PRODUCT
 PLACE
 PRICE
 PROMOTION

9. Price
 Saving of operational costs.
 On-line ordering form can reduce sales
staffing costs.
 Reduced staffing cost in the price by
offering a better deal to Internet customers.

10.  PRODUCT
 PLACE
 PRICE
 PROMOTION

11. Promotions
 Once a firms web page has established the
firms can utilize this coverage to reach out
to new domestic and international markets.
 Email marketing lists are also a great way to
stay in touch with your customers

12. Web Features
 Online Store/Payment
 360 Degree Virtual Tour
 Web Based Instant Chat
 Business Streamlining
 Flash

13. Advantages of Web Applications
 Zero cost
 Centralized data
 Quick and easy updates.
 Reach ability
 Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
 Low specialized PCs or smart phones can be
used.
 Online training
 Direct access
 Always up-to-date.

14. Top 5 advantages of website for a
business
 Your market is worldwide
 Save your money and time
 Everything about your business is 24x7
available
 Increase your credibility
 Enhance your business brand image to
public

15. Client/Server model
Client/server is a program relationship in
which one program (the client) requests a
service or resource from another program
(the server)

16. request

17.  Providers of a resource or service, called servers,
 Service requesters are called clients
 The client–server model of computing is a
distributed application.
 Clients and servers communicate over a computer
network.
Client/Server model

18.  A server share their resources with clients
 A client does not share any of its resources
 Clients therefore initiate communication
sessions with servers which await incoming
requests.

19. Examples of client–server model
 Mail Servers
 Chat Servers
 Web Servers (World Wide Web)
 FTP Servers

20. Intranet
 Private computer networks within an
organization.
 An intranet is meant for the exclusive use of
the organization and its customers,
employees, members, suppliers, etc. and is
protected from unauthorized access

22. Benefits
 Access to remote locations
 Reduce information search time
 Sharing of resources
 Reduce cost of printing, mailing, and software
distribution.

23. Extranet
 An extranet is a private network that uses
Internet technology and the public
telecommunication system to securely
share information with suppliers, vendors,
partners, customers, or other businesses.

25. Benefits
 Training (e-learning)
 Reduction in paperwork & cost
 Improved customer service
 Enabling collaboration between business
partners
 Sharing news of product development
exclusively with partner companies.

27. Internet
 The Internet is a global network connecting
millions of computers.
 It is the network of network.
 It is a huge source of information
 Each Internet computer, called a host

28. Benefit
 On-line Communication
 Software Sharing
 Exchange of views
 Posting of information of general interest
 Product promotion
 Feedback about products
 Customer service support
 On-line Shopping
 Worldwide video conferencing

29. Intranet :
Within the
organization
Internet :
Electronic
Medium for users
Extranet :
Business to
Business

30. Internet Vs WWW
 The World Wide Web, is a way of accessing
information over the medium of the Internet.
 It is an information-sharing model that is
built on top of the Internet.

31. Website
A website is a collection of Web pages, images,
videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one
or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the
Internet.

32.  WebPages are connected by hyperlinks,
that when clicked, take the user to
different location.
 The main page in a website is called a
homepage, and other pages in a website
are called subpages.

33. Webpage
 A webpage is a document commonly
written in HyperText Markup Language
(HTML)
 Webpage is accessible through the Internet
or other network using a browser.
 A web page is accessed by entering a URL
addresses.
 Web pages can either be static or dynamic.

34. Static Web pages
 Static" means unchanged or constant.
 Static pages show the same content each time
they are viewed.
 Standard HTML pages are static Web pages.
They contain HTML code.
 Static web pages are suitable for the contents
that never or rarely need to be updated.

35. Dynamic web pages
 Dynamic pages have content that can
change each time they are accessed.
 These pages are typically written in
scripting languages such as PHP, ASP, or
JSP.
 Dynamic web pages which are generated by
a web application.

36. Home Page
 The first page that appears upon opening a
web browser program, which is also
sometimes called the start page
 where visitors can find hyperlinks to other
pages in the site. By default, the home page
on all web servers is index.html(.htm)

38.  A website is informational.
 A web application is interactive.
 A web application is a web site that the
user can control.

39. Website
 A website of a company is a collection of
all the facts and information about the
company in different web pages.
 A website contains text, images and videos.

40. Portal
 A portal is defined in the dictionary as a
gateway or an entry point to a grand entrance.
 Web portals are large multi service websites.
 A web portal offers a broad array of resources
and services such as email, search engine
online shopping ,news and many more.
 Yahoo.com is considered as web portals

42. Vortal
 A Portal attracts a broad (horizontal) range of
users, whereas Vortals appeal to a more
narrowed (vertical) audience.
 Vortals typically provide news, research and
statistics, discussions, online tools, and many
other services that educate users about a specific
industry.

43.  They are sometimes called 'online communities' or '
vertical portals.
 Vortals typically provide news, research and
statistics, discussions, online tools, and many other
services that educate users about a specific industry.
Vortal

44. What is URL?
 URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and is
used to specify addresses on the World Wide Web.
 URL strings consist of three parts:
1. Network protocol
2. Host name or address
3. File or Webpage name

45. Sections of the URL
Top Level Domain
(TLD)

46. Internet domain suffixes
.ac Educational (academic) (same as .edu)
.au Australia
.com Commercial website.
.co Commercial Websites, same as .com
.gov Government site
.in India
.pk Pakistan
.org Organization (non-profit) sites

47. IP Address
 "IP" stands for Internet Protocol.
 Each computer on the network/internet has a unique
number, called its IP Address.
 An IP address is a 32 bit number.
 It consists of four numbers, each of which contains
1-3 digits, with a single dot (.) separating each
number or set of digits.
 Each of the four numbers can range from 0 to 255.
 Example: An IP address might look like-
78.125.0.209.

48. An IP address can be static or
dynamic
 A static IP address will never change and it is a
permanent Internet address.
 A dynamic IP address is a temporary address that is
assigned each time a computer or device accesses
the Internet.

50. Domain Name System
 Domain Name System is that it serves as the phone
directory for the Internet by translating human-
friendly computer host names into IP addresses.
 When you use URL such as www.facebook.com,
your computer needs to understand what numerical
IP addresses it needs to contact, and this is
accomplished through DNS servers.

51. What Is a Domain Name Server (DNS)?
 It is an Internet service that translates domain
names into IP addresses.
 The Internet however, is really based on IP
addresses.
 Because domain names are alphabetic, they're
easier to remember.

52. Person Name Mobile No.
Aakash 9935XXXX55
Website URL IP Address
http://www.rediff.com 202.137.235.12
https://www.facebook.com 173.252.110.27
You can always bypass a DNS lookup by
entering 173.252.110.27 directly in your
browser

53.  Every time you use a domain name, therefore, a DNS
service must translate the name into the
corresponding IP address.
 For example, the domain name www.facebook.com
might translate to 173.252.110.27
 The DNS system is, in fact, its own network.
 If one DNS server doesn't know how to translate a
particular domain name, it asks another one, and so
on, until the correct IP address is returned.

54. Working of DNS Server

55. Address Classes
 Class A
 The high-order bit in a class A address is
always set to zero.
 The next seven bits complete the network
ID.
 The remaining 24 bits represent the host ID.
 This allows for 126 networks and
16,777,214 hosts per network.

57. Class B
 The two high-order bits in a class B address are
always set to binary 1 0.
 The next 14 bits (completing the first two octets)
complete the network ID.
 The remaining 16 bits (last two octets) represent the
host ID.
 This allows for 16,384 networks and 65,534 hosts
per network

59. Class C
 Class C addresses are used for small networks.
 The three high-order bits in a class C address are always
set to binary 1 1 0.
 The next 21 bits (completing the first three octets)
complete the network ID.
 The remaining 8 bits (last octet) represent the host ID.
 This allows for 2,097,152 networks and 254 hosts per
network. Figure 1.6 illustrates the structure of class C
addresses.

61. Internet Service Provider
ISP
 An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is the company
that is able to provide you with access to the
Internet
 An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is the industry
term for the company that is able to provide you
with access to the Internet

62. Internet Service Provider offers
 Dial-up
 Satellite Connection
 DSL / ADSL (digital subscriber line)

63. Dial-up connection
 Dial-up connections require users to link their
phone line to a computer in order to access
the Internet.
 Referred to as analog connection.
 To access the internet –
• Connect your computer to the telephone line
• Run a communication program to establish a
connection with internet host
• Enter your user name & password .

64. Satellite Connection
 It is an arrangement in which the upstream
(outgoing) and the downstream (incoming)
data are sent from, and arrive at, a computer
through a satellite

66. DSL - Digital Subscriber Line
 DSL is a high-speed Internet service
 DSL provides high-speed networking over ordinary
phone lines using broadband modem technology.
 A dedicated link( or leased line) is a permanent
connection line which available 24 hours.
 Multiple user can access internet simultaneously.
 DSL technology theoretically supports data rates of
1.55 Mbps

67. List of ISP in India
 Airtel-ADSL, GPRS, 3G & 4G,GPON
 Aircel-GPRS & 3G
 Idea cellular-GPRS
 Reliance Communications ADSL, GPRS & 3G,
Metro-Ethernet, CDMA
 Tata DoCoMo - Fiber Broadband, GPRS & 3G
Vodafone - GPRS & 3G

68. Modem
 Short for Modulator / Demodulator
 The Modem is a hardware device
 Demodulation- Process of converting analog data
from telephone line into digital data used by your
by computer
 Modulation- Process of converting digital data
from computer into analog data used by your by
telephone line to transmit data.

70. Internet Protocols
 Internet is a network of computers sharing or
exchanging information with the help of
PROTOCOLS.

71. Internet Protocols
 Protocols is a form of etiquette
 A protocol defines rules and conventions for
communication between network devices
 Computer has to know in advance how
information is to exchange and exactly what will
be the format of information

72. Protocol usually specifies
 The format of the message
 How to handle errors

73. What is TCP/IP
 It stands for
• Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
Protocol
 TCP/IP Protocols are considered to be standards
around which the internet has been developed.
 All internet mail programs follow TCP/IP protocol
when they prepare a message for delivery.

75. Working of TCP/IP
 Data is not transmitted at constant stream.
 Data is broken into small chunks called packets
 Division of data into packet is done by TCP
 TCP assign a sequence number, recipient address,
sender address to each packet.
 It also insert some error control information

76.  The packet are then sent over the network
 Where IP transport them correctly to receiver
 TCP at receiver’s end receives the packets and checks
for error.
 If error has occurred, TCP ask for that particular packet
to be resent.
 When all packets are received correctly
 TCP reconstruct the original message using sequence
numbers

77. HTTP
 It stands for Hyper text transfer protocol.
 HTTP provides a set of rules that govern how
information is transmitted on the WWW.

78. HTTP
 HTTP allow users of the WWW to exchange
information files (text, graphic images, sound,
video, and other multimedia files) found on web
pages.
 All web pages consist of HTML language
 When we want to access any web page enter http://
in front of the URL.

79. Limitations
 Security Concerns
• Privacy: Anyone can see content
• Integrity :Someone might alter content, since
no encryption methods are used.
• Authentication: Not clear who you are talking
with. Anyone who intercepts the request can
determine the username and password.

80. HTTPS
 HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol
over Secure Socket Layer, or HTTP over SSL
 HTTPS encrypts an HTTP message prior to
transmission and decrypts a message upon arrival.
 https://www.google.co.in

81. Need of HTTPS
 Online store or accept online order/payment
 If site offers Login/Sign in
 If website process sensitive data such as address,
ID/Address proof, etc.

82. Email System
 Basic function of Email System are-
• Message Creation
• Message Transfer
• Post Delivery processing

83. These 3 functions are provided by
1.User Agent (UA)
2.Message Transfer Agent(MTA)

84. User Agent
 It is responsible for providing the text editing,
proper presentation services to the end user.
 It also provides User-friendly interaction, security,
delivery notification etc.

85. Message Transfer Agent(MTA)
 Message Transfer Agent is oriented towards the
actual routing of the email.
 It is also responsible for store and forward path,
channel security, and actual routing through
communication media.
 Several MTAs taken together to form Message
Transfer Agent (MTA.

86. Working of Email System

87. Advantages
 Information Interchange
 Brain Storming and Problem Solving
 Record Keeping
 Group Work
 Staying in Touch Professionally
 Staying in Touch Socially
 Transmitting Documents

88. File Transfer Protocol
 The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a
standard network protocol used to transfer
computer files from one computer to
another computer over a TCP-based
network, such as the Internet.

89. Transferring files from a client computer
to a server computer is called
"uploading"
Transferring files from a server to a client
is "downloading".

90. Lists of protocols
 FTP File Transfer Protocol
 SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
 Telnet Remote Login
 HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
 HTTPs Secure Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
 IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol
 POP Post office protocol
 PPP Point to Point Protocol