Breast anatomy by sanaullah shaikh
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This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the breast. It begins by describing the embryological development of the breast from the milk line. It then discusses the anatomy of the breast including its position, attachment points, skin, nipple, areola, lobes and lobules. The blood supply and venous drainage are also covered. Finally, the document discusses the physiology of the breast including its main function of milk secretion and excretion, as well as the hormones that regulate breast development and lactation.
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The breast
The breast is composed of lobes, lobules, and ducts. It receives its blood supply from the internal and external mammary arteries. Lymph drainage is primarily to the axillary lymph nodes.
Breast anatomy and development can vary between individuals. Common benign breast conditions include fibroadenomas, cysts, and fibrocystic changes.
Breast cancer originates in the breast ducts or lobules. HER2-positive breast cancer is a type where cancer cells overexpress the HER2 receptor, causing rapid growth. Physical signs may include a painless breast mass, nipple retraction, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Breast
The breast lies in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region and is divided into four quadrants. It extends from the 2nd to 6th ribs horizontally and from the sternum to the midaxillary line vertically. The breast contains lobules that produce milk via lactiferous ducts which drain at the nipple. Lymphatic drainage is primarily to the axillary lymph nodes but also occurs to internal mammary and intercostal nodes. The breast develops from the mammary ridge in utero.
Breast anatomy&physiology
The document summarizes breast anatomy and physiology. It describes the lobes, lobules, lactiferous ducts and other structures that make up the breast. It explains that the breast is supplied by blood vessels and lymphatic drainage passes through axillary nodes. The nipple and areola contain smooth muscle and Montgomery glands. The stages of breast development from fetal through pregnancy and menopause are also outlined.
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1) The breast is composed of adipose tissue, lactiferous ducts and tubules, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics. It extends from the 2nd to 6th ribs and medially from the lateral border of the sternum to the mid-axillary line.
2) The breast parenchyma contains 15-20 lobes made up of lobules that empty into lactiferous ducts. It also contains stromal connective and fatty tissue.
3) Lymphatic drainage of the breast primarily follows the blood supply to the axillary lymph nodes but may also drain to internal mammary or intercostal nodes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is used to help determine cancer stage
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The breast
The breast is composed of lobes, lobules, and ducts. It receives its blood supply from the internal and external mammary arteries. Lymph drainage is primarily to the axillary lymph nodes.
Breast anatomy and development can vary between individuals. Common benign breast conditions include fibroadenomas, cysts, and fibrocystic changes.
Breast cancer originates in the breast ducts or lobules. HER2-positive breast cancer is a type where cancer cells overexpress the HER2 receptor, causing rapid growth. Physical signs may include a painless breast mass, nipple retraction, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Breast
The breast lies in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region and is divided into four quadrants. It extends from the 2nd to 6th ribs horizontally and from the sternum to the midaxillary line vertically. The breast contains lobules that produce milk via lactiferous ducts which drain at the nipple. Lymphatic drainage is primarily to the axillary lymph nodes but also occurs to internal mammary and intercostal nodes. The breast develops from the mammary ridge in utero.
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The document summarizes breast anatomy and physiology. It describes the lobes, lobules, lactiferous ducts and other structures that make up the breast. It explains that the breast is supplied by blood vessels and lymphatic drainage passes through axillary nodes. The nipple and areola contain smooth muscle and Montgomery glands. The stages of breast development from fetal through pregnancy and menopause are also outlined.
Breast cancer relevant anatomy
1) The breast is composed of adipose tissue, lactiferous ducts and tubules, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics. It extends from the 2nd to 6th ribs and medially from the lateral border of the sternum to the mid-axillary line.
2) The breast parenchyma contains 15-20 lobes made up of lobules that empty into lactiferous ducts. It also contains stromal connective and fatty tissue.
3) Lymphatic drainage of the breast primarily follows the blood supply to the axillary lymph nodes but may also drain to internal mammary or intercostal nodes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is used to help determine cancer stage
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The female genital tract includes external genitalia like the labia majora and minora, clitoris, and vaginal opening. Internal organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The vagina is a fibromuscular tube that provides a birth canal. The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the pelvis. The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus. The ovaries contain follicles that release eggs and produce hormones.
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- The upper outer breast quadrant contains most glandular tissue and most cancers originate here.
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This document summarizes the pelvic blood supply and innervation. It describes the branches of the internal iliac arteries which supply structures in the pelvis such as the bladder, uterus, rectum and muscles. It also outlines the sacral plexus and its branches including the pudendal nerve which innervates the genitals. The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are discussed, including the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves which contribute to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
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- Introduction to breast
- Situated and Extention
- the structure of the breast
- nipple
- areola
- parenchyma - Tubercle of Montgomery
- Stroma - Ligament of cooper
- Identifying the parts in mammo.
- Blood supply
- Lymphatic drainage
Development of female genital system
The development of the female genital system is determined at fertilization by the presence of two X chromosomes. In female embryos, the primitive sex cords dissociate and are replaced by the ovarian medulla and cortex. The paramesonephric ducts develop into the uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper vagina, while the sinovaginal bulbs form the lower vagina. Defects can occur if the paramesonephric ducts fail to fuse properly, resulting in conditions like a septate, bicornuate, or didelphys uterus. The genital tubercle forms the clitoris and genital swellings become the labia, with the urethral folds
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Anatomy of female genital tract
The female genital tract includes external genitalia like the labia majora and minora, clitoris, and vaginal opening. Internal organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The vagina is a fibromuscular tube that provides a birth canal. The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the pelvis. The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus. The ovaries contain follicles that release eggs and produce hormones.
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The document provides an overview of the breast anatomy and lymphatic drainage. It discusses:
- The breast's location, extent, and lymphatic system. Lymph flows primarily to axillary nodes but also to internal mammary and intercostal nodes.
- Sentinel lymph nodes are the first nodes draining a cancer, important for sentinel lymph node biopsy.
- The upper outer breast quadrant contains most glandular tissue and most cancers originate here.
- Lymphatic obstruction by cancer can cause lymphedema, peau d'orange skin, and nipple retraction. Mammography is used to detect breast masses.
Anatomy of Internal Iliac arteries.pptx
This document lists various arteries of the pelvis and lower abdomen, including the umbilical artery, superior and inferior vesical arteries, middle rectal artery, obturator artery, uterine artery, and vaginal artery. It also provides a mnemonic to remember the order of the arteries and notes that some arteries have parietal branches while others have visceral branches.
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Please find the power point on Anatomy of Femlae reproductive organs . I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
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The perineum is the region between the thighs that contains the external genitalia and anal opening. It is bounded by the pelvic floor muscles superiorly and the thighs laterally. The perineum can be divided into the urogenital triangle anteriorly, containing the genital structures, and the anal triangle posteriorly, containing the anus. Each triangle contains superficial and deep pouches separated by fascial layers. The pouches contain muscles, nerves, and vessels related to the genital and anal structures. The perineal body is an important structure that provides support to the pelvic floor.
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The breast lies in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region between the 2nd and 6th ribs. It has lobes of glandular tissue drained by lactiferous ducts that open at the nipple. The blood supply comes from intercostal arteries and the lymphatic drainage is primarily to axillary lymph nodes. The breast develops from the mammary ridge in fetal life. Human milk produced by the breast contains water, lactose, fats, proteins and antibodies to nourish infants.
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Objectives:
Describe the location of the breast in relation to fascial layers
Identify the extent of the base of the breast
Define the reteromammary space
Identify the axillary tail and its significance
Understand the differences in size and colour of the areola; contractility of the nipple; Montgomery’s glands.
Describe the lobes of the breast and the clinical significance of the suspensory ligaments.
Describe the histological changes of the mammary gland during different phases: before puberty, inactive gland, during menstruation, active phase, and menopause.
Identify myoepithelial cells and their functional significance.
Understand the role of merocrine and apocrine secretion in the production of milk.
Describe mammary line and its congenital anomalies: polymastia, polylethelia, inverted nipple.
Identify the features of the pregnant woman’s breast
Understand the features of structural involvement in breast cancer
Breast features in mammography.
Incising for and positioning of a breast implant.
Describe the male breast and gynaecomastia.
Locate the arterial blood supply and venous drainage of the breast.
Describe the nerve supply and reflex secretion of milk
Thorough description of the lymphatic drainage of the breast and axillary lymph nodes
Applied anatomy of breast cancer metastasis, peau d’orange, and lympodema of the upper limb.
Surgical anatomy of mastectomy and paralysis of the long thoracic nerve.
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Anatomy and physiology
The female breast is composed of lobules that produce milk, ducts that carry milk to the nipple, and surrounding connective tissue. The breast lies over the pectoral muscle and extends from the collarbone to the armpit. Hormones like estrogen and progesterone stimulate breast development during puberty and the menstrual cycle. The main function of the breast is to produce and store milk to feed infants. Milk production is stimulated by hormones like prolactin during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
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Exploring the human reproductive sytem
The document discusses the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the main parts of the male reproductive system including the penis, testes, scrotum, vas deferens, and prostate gland. It also describes the main parts of the female reproductive system which include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. The document also discusses some physical changes that occur during puberty for both males and females, such as growth of genitals and pubic hair, breast development, voice changes, and acne. Maintaining good hygiene of the reproductive organs is emphasized as important for health.
Radiation Oncology
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Human reproduction - A detailed study ( medical information)
Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction resulting in human fertilization. It typically involves sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. During sexual intercourse, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman's ovum by the man's sperm.
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Describe human male and female reproductive anatomies
Describe spermatogenesis and oogenesis and discuss their differences and similarities
Describe the role of hormones in human reproduction
Describe the roles of male and female reproductive hormone
The reproductive events in humans include formation of gametes (gametogenesis), i.e., sperms in males and ovum in females, transfer of sperms into the female genital tract (insemination) and fusion of male and female gametes (fertilisation) leading to formation of zygote.
this is a long study on all aspects of human reproduction & most asked questions about human reproductive system ( medical information ).
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Human reproduction XII
1. Human reproduction involves gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, embryonic development, and delivery.
2. The male reproductive system produces sperm in the testes and transports them through accessory ducts. The female reproductive system includes ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina.
3. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an ovum in the fallopian tube, forming a zygote that undergoes cleavage and implants in the uterus. Pregnancy is maintained by formation of the placenta.
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The document summarizes the embryological development of the breast from the 7th week of gestation through birth. It describes the formation of milk lines in the ectoderm in the 7th week, development of breast glands in the pectoral region during the 10th week, and formation of lactiferous cords and ducts in the 5th month. It also provides an overview of the structures of the mature breast, including the nipple, areola, parenchyma, axillary tail of Spence, and ligament of Cooper. Blood supply and lymphatic and nerve pathways are briefly outlined. Risk factors for breast cancer are listed.
The human breast
The mammary gland develops through distinct stages in females. During puberty, estrogen and progesterone stimulate ductal growth and lobular development. In pregnancy, placental hormones induce remarkable lobuloalveolar growth. Lactation is stimulated by prolactin and oxytocin to produce milk. Menopause causes glandular tissue shrinkage. Disorders include cancers, cysts, and fibroadenomas. Diagnosis involves exams, imaging, and biopsies. Treatments range from surgery to chemotherapy and reconstruction.
Male and female rep system
The female reproductive system produces eggs and sex hormones, transports eggs to the uterus, sustains a pregnancy, and nourishes a fetus. It includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitals. The ovaries contain eggs at various stages of development and release an egg monthly during ovulation. The fallopian tubes transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. The uterus provides support and nutrients for a developing fetus. The male reproductive system produces and transports sperm. It includes testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis. The testes produce sperm and hormones. Mature sperm are stored in the epididymis and vas deferens until ejaculation
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The female reproductive system has external and internal organs that work together for reproduction. The external organs include the vulva, which contains the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. The internal organs include the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and cervix. During ovulation, an egg travels from the ovaries to the uterus through the fallopian tubes. If fertilized by sperm, it may implant in the uterus. The placenta then develops to nourish an embryo. Hormones regulate the menstrual cycle of the uterine lining shedding if no implantation occurs.
Human reproductive system
Human reproductive system,female reproduction,male reproductive system ,external an internal genitalia,breast
Female Reproductive Anatomy ab-1.ppttyerue56
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system. It begins with introducing the topic and objectives of understanding the structures and functions. It then describes the external genitalia including the vulva, labia, clitoris and vaginal opening. The internal genitalia are also outlined, including the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Key details are provided on the roles of these structures in reproduction and hormonal regulation.
breast By M Thiru murugan.pptx professor
By, M. Thiru murugan
The female breast in humans contain mammary glands that produce milk for nursing their children.
The Latin name for the breast is mamma, thus it is clear why we belong to the class of mammals together with many other animal species.
LOCATION
Breasts refer to the glandular organ present on the chest. The breasts lie on top of the chest wall and over the pectoral muscles.
The chest wall the bones, skin, fat, muscles, and various other tissues that protect the organs between the neck and the abdomen.
The bones that make up the chest wall include the ribs, the breastbone (sternum), and the spine
Both males and females have breasts. However, they are more well-developed in females.
Pectoral muscles
They are present underneath the breasts and provide support.
The pectoral muscles include:
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
subclavius
Lobules
The lobules are glands that are responsible for producing milk in the breast. The lobules are in clusters and form lobes.
Each breast has 15–20 lobes that contain clusters of lobules, which produce breast milk. Each lobe has 20–40 lobules
MILK Ducts/LACTIFEROUS DUCT
The ducts are the tubes that carry milk from the lobules to the nipple.
The lactiferous ducts are responsible for delivering the milk to the surface of the skin and out of the mother through tiny pores in the nipple.
These ducts form a tree-branch-like network that converges at the nipple.
Lactiferous ducts are known by many names, including milk ducts, mammary ducts, and galactophores.
Mammary glands
The mammary gland is a gland located in the breasts of females that is responsible for lactation, or the production of milk.
Both males and females have glandular tissue within the breasts; however, in females the glandular tissue begins to develop after puberty in response to estrogen release.
Mammary glands only produce milk after childbirth. During pregnancy, the hormones progesterone and prolactin stimulates the glandular cells to produce breast milk.
Fatty tissue
Fatty tissue, along with fibrous tissue, makes up the connective tissue that holds all the structures within the breasts in place.
The fatty tissue fills the space between glandular (lobes and ducts) and fibrous (ligaments) tissue.
The fatty tissue determines the size of the breast.
During puberty, increased estrogen levels stimulate the buildup of fatty tissue and glandular tissue which increases the size of the female breast.
Areola
The areola is the darker, pigmented, round area around the nipple. The areola has small bumps on its surface. These are sebaceous glands that release oily secretions that stop the areola and nipple from cracking.
Nipple
The nipple is the raised projection in the middle of the areola. About 15–20 ductsTrusted Source connect to the nipple. The nipple provides an exit for milk release during breastfeeding. The nipple also contains smooth muscles that can cause the nipple to become erect.
Montgomery Glands
Human female reproductive system
The female reproductive system has several important functions including producing egg cells for reproduction and sex hormones. It consists of both external and internal organs working together. The internal organs include ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. During puberty, girls experience physical changes in these organs and their development. The menstrual cycle and pregnancy occur through the coordinated efforts of the reproductive system. Diseases can also affect the system's normal physiology.
Female reproductive anatomy (1)
This document provides information about the female reproductive anatomy and system. It describes the external genitalia including the vulva, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and perineum. It then discusses the internal genitalia such as the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It explains menstruation and the development and release of eggs through the process of oogenesis.
Chapter25 reprofemalemarieb
The female reproductive system produces gametes and supports embryo development. The ovaries contain developing eggs and produce hormones. During each menstrual cycle, one egg is released from an ovarian follicle during ovulation. If fertilized, it implants in the uterus, where development occurs. The placenta forms to support the growing fetus by exchanging nutrients and waste. Childbirth involves dilation of the cervix and expulsion of the fetus and placenta. The mammary glands produce milk during lactation to nourish a newborn.
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Human Reproductive system
Male & Female reproductive system, associated organs and their functions
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The male reproductive system consists of both internal and external organs that work together to produce sperm and facilitate fertilization. The internal organs include the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate gland. The external organs are the scrotum and penis. During puberty, the testes begin to produce testosterone which leads to development of secondary sex characteristics and the ability to reproduce.
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The document describes the anatomy and functions of the female bovine reproductive tract. It discusses the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia. The oviduct receives ova from the ovaries and transports them to the uterus where fertilization occurs. The uterus provides nourishment and protection to the developing embryo/fetus. The cervix regulates passage between the uterus and vagina. The vagina and external genitalia facilitate copulation and birth. Glands and contractions throughout the tract help with sperm transport, fertilization, implantation, and birth.
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Breast anatomy by sanaullah shaikh
- 2. BREAST SEMINAR SURGERY UNIT 3 CMC HOSPITAL LARKANA By : sanaullah shaikh
- 3. Discussed N understand »breast embryology »Breast anatomy »Breast physiology
- 4. » Embryologically part of integumentary system » Functionally part of reproductive system » Modified apocrine sweat gland » Present in males and females » In males it is rudimentary » In females at puberty gland enlarges
- 5. » Breast development starts during foetal life » Around 6th week of gestational age milk line appears » at 9th week involutes sparing the chest area » Around the 12th week, ingrowth of ectoderm forms primary bud tissue in mesenchyme
- 6. » primary bud tissue starts development of 15 -20 secondary buds » these secondary buds give rises to lactiferous ducts » Mesenchyme gives rises to stromal tissue » From birth until puberty, the breast consists of lactiferous ducts, with no alveoli. » At puberty, the ducts start to proliferate
- 8. ANATOMY POSITION AND ATTACHMENT •LATERAL ASPECT OF PECTORAL REGION •LOCATED BETWEEN RIBS 3 AND 7 •EXTENDS FROM STERNUM TO AXILLA •SURROUNDED BY SUPERFICIAL FASCIA •REST ON DEEP FASCIA
- 10. » 4rth intercostal space » Hairless skin » Composed of collagenous tissue » Containing melanocytes » Smooth muscle cells » 15-20 lactiferous ducts open on to its tip
- 11. » The areola is a disc of skin, which circles the base of the nipple, » Melanocytes are quite numerous » varying in colour from pink to dark brown depending on parity and race. » Contain modified sebacious glands » These glands enlarged during pregnancy called tubercles of montogmery
- 13. Composed of » glandular tissue » stromal fibrous tissue » adipose tissue
- 14. • Glandular tissue » composed of 15-20 pyramidal lobes » each lobe contain 20-40 lobules but a separate lactiferous duct » Each lobule holds tiny, hollow BLIND ENDED sacs (alveoli) with their associated alveolar ducts that carry milk from the alveoli towards terminal lactiferous duct • ADIPOSE TISSUE » Highly variable • STROMAL TISSUE » Encloses lobules
- 15. Arterial supply • Branches of Axillary artery • Branches of internal thoracic artery
- 16. » Venous Drainage of Breast Tributaries axillary vein Tributaries of Internal thoracic vein
- 18. » The main function of breast is secretion and excretion of milk » Generally, regulation of breast development and functions is done by four hormones » Both Estrogen and progestrone are responsible for development of breast ductal system and deposition of fats on the breast.
- 19. • Sudden drop of progesterone and estrogen levels initiate lactation • During lactation, milk production is stimulated by prolactin hormone from anterior pituitary gland • Excretion of milk from breast than done by oxytocin hormone from posterior pituitary gland - Both prolactin and oxytocin are released by the act of suckling which stimulates sensory nerve endings of nipple.
- 20. If you judge people, you have no time to love them. “mother teresa”