By,M. Thiru murugan The female breast in humans contain mammary glands that produce milk for nursing their children. The Latin name for the breast is mamma, thus it is clear why we belong to the class of mammals together with many other animal species.  LOCATION Breasts refer to the glandular organ present on the chest. The breasts lie on top of the chest wall and over the pectoral muscles. The chest wall the bones, skin, fat, muscles, and various other tissues that protect the organs between the neck and the abdomen. The bones that make up the chest wall include the ribs, the breastbone (sternum), and the spine Both males and females have breasts. However, they are more well-developed in females. Pectoral muscles They are present underneath the breasts and provide support. The pectoral muscles include: pectoralis major pectoralis minor serratus anterior subclavius Lobules The lobules are glands that are responsible for producing milk in the breast. The lobules are in clusters and form lobes. Each breast has 15–20 lobes that contain clusters of lobules, which produce breast milk. Each lobe has 20–40 lobules MILK Ducts/LACTIFEROUS DUCT The ducts are the tubes that carry milk from the lobules to the nipple. The lactiferous ducts are responsible for delivering the milk to the surface of the skin and out of the mother through tiny pores in the nipple. These ducts form a tree-branch-like network that converges at the nipple. Lactiferous ducts are known by many names, including milk ducts, mammary ducts, and galactophores. Mammary glands The mammary gland is a gland located in the breasts of females that is responsible for lactation, or the production of milk. Both males and females have glandular tissue within the breasts; however, in females the glandular tissue begins to develop after puberty in response to estrogen release. Mammary glands only produce milk after childbirth. During pregnancy, the hormones progesterone and prolactin stimulates the glandular cells to produce breast milk. Fatty tissue Fatty tissue, along with fibrous tissue, makes up the connective tissue that holds all the structures within the breasts in place. The fatty tissue fills the space between glandular (lobes and ducts) and fibrous (ligaments) tissue. The fatty tissue determines the size of the breast. During puberty, increased estrogen levels stimulate the buildup of fatty tissue and glandular tissue which increases the size of the female breast. Areola The areola is the darker, pigmented, round area around the nipple. The areola has small bumps on its surface. These are sebaceous glands that release oily secretions that stop the areola and nipple from cracking. Nipple The nipple is the raised projection in the middle of the areola. About 15–20 ductsTrusted Source connect to the nipple. The nipple provides an exit for milk release during breastfeeding. The nipple also contains smooth muscles that can cause the nipple to become erect. Montgomery Glands

1. Breast
Anatomy

3. • The female breast in humans contain mammary
glands that produce milk for nursing their
children.
• The Latin name for the breast is mamma, thus it
is clear why we belong to the class
of mammals together with many other animal
species.

4. LOCATION
• Breasts refer to the glandular organ present on
the chest. The breasts lie on top of the chest
wall and over the pectoral muscles.
• The chest wall the bones, skin, fat, muscles,
and various other tissues that protect the
organs between the neck and the abdomen.
• The bones that make up the chest wall include
the ribs, the breastbone (sternum), and the
spine
• Both males and females have breasts.
However, they are more well-developed in
females.

5. Pectoral muscles
They are present underneath the
breasts and provide support.
The pectoral muscles include:
• pectoralis major
• pectoralis minor
• serratus anterior
• subclavius

6. Lobules
• The lobules are glands that are responsible for
producing milk in the breast. The lobules are in clusters
and form lobes.
• Each breast has 15–20 lobes that contain
clusters of lobules, which produce breast
milk. Each lobe has 20–40 lobules

10. MILK Ducts/LACTIFEROUS DUCT
• The ducts are the tubes that carry milk from the
lobules to the nipple.
• The lactiferous ducts are responsible for delivering
the milk to the surface of the skin and out of the
mother through tiny pores in the nipple.
• These ducts form a tree-branch-like network that
converges at the nipple.
• Lactiferous ducts are known by many names,
including milk ducts, mammary ducts, and
galactophores.

11. Mammary glands
• The mammary gland is a gland located in the breasts of
females that is responsible for lactation, or the production of
milk.
• Both males and females have glandular tissue within the
breasts; however, in females the glandular tissue begins to
develop after puberty in response to estrogen release.
• Mammary glands only produce milk after childbirth. During
pregnancy, the hormones progesterone and
prolactin stimulates the glandular cells to produce breast
milk.

12. Fatty tissue
• Fatty tissue, along with fibrous tissue, makes up the connective tissue that
holds all the structures within the breasts in place.
• The fatty tissue fills the space between glandular (lobes and ducts) and
fibrous (ligaments) tissue.
• The fatty tissue determines the size of the breast.
• During puberty, increased estrogen levels stimulate the buildup of fatty
tissue and glandular tissue which increases the size of the female breast.

13. • Areola
• The areola is the darker, pigmented, round area around the
nipple. The areola has small bumps on its surface. These are
sebaceous glands that release oily secretions that stop the
areola and nipple from cracking.
• Nipple
• The nipple is the raised projection in the middle of the areola.
About 15–20 ductsTrusted Source connect to the nipple. The
nipple provides an exit for milk release during breastfeeding.
The nipple also contains smooth muscles that can cause the
nipple to become erect.

14. Montgomery Glands
• Montgomery’s tubercles
are sebaceous (oil) glands that
appear as small bumps around the
dark area of the nipple.
• Their primary function is lubricating
and keeping germs away from the
breasts.

15. Arterial blood
supply
Axillary artery via several branches:
• superior thoracic,
• thoracoacromial,
• lateral thoracic and
• subscapular arteries
Internal thoracic artery via the medial mammary
arteries
Perforating branches of second, third and fourth
intercostal arteries
Venous
drainage
Axillary, internal thoracic and second to fourth
intercostal veins

17. Innervation Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches
of the second to sixth intercostal nerves
Fourth intercostal nerve (nipple)

18. Lymph Vessels
Lymphatic
drainage
Subareolar lymphatic plexus
pectoral lymph nodes
axillary lymph nodes
subclavian lymphatic trunks (75%)
Subareolar lymphatic plexus
parasternal lymph nodes broncho
mediastinal lymphatic trunks (25%)

20. FUNCTION: