Brain fingerprinting is a forensic technique that uses EEG to detect if specific crime-related information is stored in a subject's brain. It works by measuring brainwave responses when subjects are shown crime-related words or images. The technique was invented in 1995 and uses cognitive brain responses, rather than emotions, to identify if information about a crime is present or absent in the brain. It has potential applications in criminal justice, national security, and medical diagnosis.

1. Brain Fingerprinting
Presented by
Kalwani Manish

2. Defining Brain Fingerprinting
 Brain Fingerprinting is a controversial forensic
science technique that uses electroencephalography
(EEG) to determine whether specific information is
stored in a subject's brain.
 It does this by measuring electrical brainwave response.
 The Brain Fingerprinting is an advanced
computer-based technology.
 The brain-wave responses are scientifically measured
by crime-relevant words or pictures presented on a
computer screen.

3. History Of Brain Fingerprinting
 Brain fingerprinting was invented by Lawrence Farwell.
 It was patented in 1995 by Dr. Farwell
 The details of a crime in the brain, is revealed by EEG.
 Farwell discovered the P300-MERMER.
 India has become the second country after United States
to introduce 'brain finger printing'.

4. Technique
 The person to be tested wears a special headband.
 The brain fingerprinting system compares the responses
to the different types of stimuli.
 It uses cognitive brain responses.
 It does not depend on the emotions of the subject, nor is
it affected by emotional responses.

5. How Brain Fingerprinting works?

6. Phases
1. Crime Scene Collection.
2. Brain Incidence Collection.
3. Computer Analysis.
4. Result.

7. Brain Signal Types
1. Beta wave.
2. Alpha wave.
3. Theta wave.
4. Delta wave.

8. Current Uses and Research
 Brain Fingerprinting has two primary applications: 1)
detecting the record of a specific crime or terrorist act
and 2) detecting a specific type of knowledge, expertise,
or training.
 A group of 17 FBI agents and 4 non-agents were
exposed to stimuli.
 Dr. Farwell collaborated with FBI scientist Sharon Smith.
 The CIA has also funded Farwell's research.

9. Use In Criminal Investigation
Dr. Farwell
conducts a test on
Terry Harrington.
Dr. Farwell
conducts a test
on JB Grinder.

10. Output
Information Absent Information Present

11. Devices Required
 Personal Computer
 A data acquisition board
 A graphics card for driving two monitors from one PC
 A four channel EEG amplifier system
 Software developed by the brain fingerprinting

12. Applications
 National Security
 Medical Diagnosis
a. Alzheimer’s Disease
b. Pharmaceutical companies
 Criminal Justice System
 Advertising
 Counter Terrorism

13. Limitations
 Brain fingerprinting detects information-processing brain
responses.
 Brain fingerprinting is not applicable where the
authorities have no information about what crime may
have taken place.
 Brain fingerprinting is also not applicable wherein a
suspect and an alleged victim agree on the details of
what was said and done.
 It detects only information, and not intent.