Brain fingerprinting is a technique that uses electroencephalography (EEG) to detect electrical brain activity associated with recognition of familiar stimuli. It presents targets, irrelevant stimuli, and probes to measure the brain's reaction. If a probe elicits the same reaction as a target, it indicates the information is stored in the brain. The technique is claimed to determine with over 90% accuracy whether specific information is stored in a person's brain. It has potential applications in criminal investigations, terrorism investigations, medical research, and other fields.