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Bostenaru2 Icsa2010
Early reinforced concrete structures from the 20th century are important to preserve for their structural innovations. The document discusses approaches to preserving reinforced concrete heritage in Europe, including seismic retrofitting projects in Greece, Germany, Hungary, and Italy. It also examines challenges to preserving reinforced concrete buildings from the earthquake risk in Romania and how lessons from other European examples could be applied. The key goals are integrating architectural conservation with structural strengthening to optimize preservation outcomes for these historically significant concrete structures.
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Bostenaru2 Icsa2010
- 1. PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES MariaBostenaru, Researcher, Foundation ERGOROM ’99 and “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism
- 2. Early reinforced concreteis not recognized as much as masonry is to be a material of historic structures. Like for 20th century architecture: not old enough Early reinforced concrete was a place for innovation in structural solutions for innovative architecture. Not only were special structures possible, but also innovation was possible in the spatiality of less spectacular structures, such as the multistory buildings. Introduction Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 3. CA’REDIVIVUS “Preservation ofhistoric reinforced housing buildings in Europe” (2005-2007), funded by the European Commission (Marie Curie Individual Fellowship) Research on historic reinforced concrete Fellow: architecture graduate Scientist-in-charge: structural engineer Preservation on the threat of natural hazards, such as earthquakes Research on the spread of such housing types in earthquake prone areas of Europe Earthquake resilient features and deficiencies, simulations Criteria from the point of view of different actors such as architect, engineer, user and investor for chosen retrofit systems and strategies Such approach is rare 2nd fib (Federation Internationalle du Beton) Congress in 2006 in Naples need for criteria for selecting the structures which need to be preserved, for reasons of structural innovation, in service of architecture The Framework of the CA’REDIVIVUS Project and European Context Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 4. Frampton (1996) “…anyreview of modern construction culture must recognize the crucial role played by structural engineering…” – tectonics seismic retrofit performed together with rehabilitation Greece Not the blocks of flats Army Pension Fund, architects Vassilios Kassandras and Leonidas Bonis (1939) Only interwar building listed under monument protection in Athens Revival as CityLink undertaken by the Piraeus Bank, architect Stelios Aghistratitis For the seismic retrofit a combination of traditional and innovative methods was employed: Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) for slabs and beams and concrete jacketing for the columns. Also reinforced concrete structural walls were added. Hotel Erminio (1933), Kozani, monument protected designed by the German engineer Max Ruthven, who also designed buildings in Nice, buildings with which the hotel presents common architecture features Damaged in 1995 so not to be further used Retrofit: combination of traditional concrete jacketing for the vertical load bearing elements with FRP for the horizontal road bearing elements Review of Practical Approaches for the Conservation of Reinforced Concrete Heritage Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 5. Germany interventions on 20thcentury heritage are being done since the 1980s -Scharoun. Haus Schminke -Gropius Meisterhaus Muche/Schlemmer -buildings in the Weißenhof Siedlung by Mies van der Rohe -Coupled house, Weissenhof, Stuttgart. Architect: Le Corbusier (mix steel-concrete) -Einstein Tower, Potsdam, architect Erich Mendelsohn (1919-21) reinforced concrete, the material per choice for the form thought by the architect, was employed only limitedly way for economic reasons Dammerstock and Weissenhof, steel skeleton preponderent for multistorey housing Steel played a different role in the economic development of Germany than concrete Hungary Building on Népszinház street, Budapest. Architect: Béla Lajta (1911) Brick, despite the architecture history interpretation that this is a form suitable for reinforced concrete The presence of this somehow “ruin” of WWII permits such an analysis of the construction materials through Rapid Visual Screening – the state preserved is the postwar one, although ruins by catastrophes, different of those given by aging, as is the case of those presented in the German books, tend to be ruins of the moment: created in a moment and then disposed or renovated, to erase that traumatic memory. Review of Practical Approaches for the Conservation of Reinforced Concrete Heritage Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 6. seismic retrofit performedtogether with rehabilitation Italy 2nd fib (Federation Internationalle du Beton) Congress in 2006 in Naples Mostra d’Oltremare Left without proper maintenance Tower of Nations, architect: Venturino Venturi (1938) A Modernist building featuring impressive interior spaces with half-level difference between the floors in the two sides retrofit based on carbon FRP was proposed Research on criteria -Bostenaru -Cristiana Chiorino Porcheddu society Planned Conservation conference in Como Ivrea Olivetti International School Review of Practical Approaches for the Conservation of Reinforced Concrete Heritage Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 7. AFP building inAthens (1939). Photo courtesy of Gregory Penelis Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 8. Rehabilitated buildings inGermany (a) buildings in the Weißenhof Siedlung by Mies van der Rohe (b) buildings by Otto Haessler at Dammerstock Siedlung, Karlsruhe Photos: M. Bostenaru, 2002 Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 9. Rehabilitated buildings inGermany Einstein Tower, Postdam. Architect: Erich Mendelsohn; (d) Coupled house, Weissenhof, Stuttgart. Architect: Le Corbusier. Photos: M. Bostenaru, 2002 Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 10. Poetics of reinforcedconcrete: Building on Népszinház street, Budapest. Architect: Béla Lajta (1911). Photo: M. Bostenaru, 1998 Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 11. Mostra d’Oltremare, Napoli,Italy. Location of the 2nd fib Congress. Photo: M. Bostenaru, 2006 Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 12. Torre delle Nazioni,Napoli, Italy. Arch: Venturino Venturi (1938). Photos: M. Bostenaru, 2006 Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 13. High-rise buildings withmore than 5 floors are highly vulnerable to Vrancea earthquakes “red-dot” programme (marking most vulnerable buildings) Henrietta Delavrancea-Gibory exhibition Demolition of building Modernism and tradition, similar to villas in Balchik, Bulgaria Case is not singular Misuse of the “red-dot” programme for speculation Multi-storey blocks of flats more sustainable in terms of contemporary urbanism – see Sonne (2009) Application in the Romanian Context Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 14. High rise buildingsvulnerable to earthquakes in Bucharest, Romania. (a) “Naum Ghica” building. Architect: Marcel Janco (1938); (b) “Pherekyde” block of flats. Architect: Tiberiu Niga (1936); (c) “Simu” building, partially rebuilt (left part) after the 1977 earthquake. Photos: M. Bostenaru, 2002 Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 15. “Prager” villa, Bucharest.Arch: H. Delavrancea-Gibory (1936). Photos: M. Bostenaru, 2009 Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 16. Rebuilding the corner Differentfloor layout, different zoning PIANO project Some buildings with proper reinforced concrete design resisted well in Vrancea earthquakes Application in the Romanian Context Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 17. Vulnerable corner buildingsin Bucharest: (a) “Turist” (formerly “Palladio”, which also lost in height) (b) “Wilson” building. Architect: State Balosin (1934-36), recently re-retrofitted, first retrofit “Proiect Bucureşti” (http://www.pb.ro/ro/proiecte/reabilitari/ ). Photos: M. Bostenaru, 2002 Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 18. From the casestudies across Europe lessons can be learned for application in Romania -Greek models – similar earthquake hazard conditions -Italian models – similar materials -German models – solving conflicts between the actors (in Romania unilateral choice, without the architect; mainly economic reasons) Sonne (2009) research on regional characteristics and distribution of multi-storey buildings in Western civilisation Romania and Greece are missing, although related to Milanese Novecento Romania and Greece Architectural typology from France Structure computation models from Germany Both not earthquake prone Today in France: “Urban System Exposure” method Discussion Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 19. Interwar time –one of experiments Buildings are not so well conserved today Germany: aging Romania, Greece, Italy: seismic threat Difference in ruins of aging and those of natural hazards The architectural restoration must be integrated with architectural conservation in order to obtain an optimal result. To be investigated is the role tradition plays, not only in combination with Modernist theories, or seismic culture, but also in order to sustain preservation of heritage against speculative development. Romania and Greece – “other Modernisms” Instead of Avant-Garde the sustainable block of flats of Sonne (2009) Conclusion Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru
- 20. The financial supportof the European Commission, in form of a Marie Curie Reintegration Grants, for the project PIANO “The innovation in the plan of the current floor: Zoning in blocks of flats for the middle class in the first half of the 20th century”, grant agreement MERG-CT-2007-200636, at the host institution Foundation ERGOROM ’99, are gratefully acknowledged. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Acknowledgements Preservation of historical concrete structures Maria Bostenaru