This document provides information about the uses of computers in different fields such as business, education, and healthcare. It discusses where computers excel over humans, such as with repetitive tasks, automated tasks, and calculations. It then gives examples of how computers are used in various business settings like offices, shops and libraries for tasks like storing records, payments, and managing libraries. In education, computers are used for storing student data, writing reports, computer-based training materials, and distance learning systems. In healthcare, computers are used for recording patient records, controlling diagnostic instructions, providing online services, and performing medical research.
This document is a 3-page exam for a Human Computer Interaction course. It contains 4 parts testing students' knowledge of HCI concepts and principles. Part 1 has 6 true/false questions worth 1.5 points each about system design and interface factors. Part 2 contains 8 multiple choice questions worth 2 points each related to HCI influences, usability, and interaction terms. Part 3 requires discussing the importance of HCI for e-business systems, describing 4 interaction styles, explaining human characteristics for design, and differentiating between slips and mistakes as human errors. The exam is out of a total of 35% and covers a range of foundational HCI topics.
The document discusses the kernel of an operating system. It defines the kernel as the core component where the OS code and functionality lies. It is responsible for scheduling processes and allocating memory. The responsibilities of the kernel include device management, handling system calls, memory management, and process management. Kernel mode allows privileged access to hardware while user mode restricts this for security. The dual mode architecture prevents user programs from interfering with the OS or other processes.
This document provides an overview of different types of computers and computer components. It discusses microcomputers, desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, servers, workstations, minicomputers, and mainframe computers. It also describes computer hardware components like processors, memory, storage, monitors, printers, and speakers. The document outlines computer software, programming languages, compilers, interpreters, booting, file systems, and multimedia. It provides examples of number systems, data conversion between decimal and binary. It also discusses ASCII, Unicode, and includes documentation for Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint 2010. Finally, it lists potential assignments related to using computers.
oxford computer books grade one chapter 1 to 3 question answer with exercise...FaB6 Design
This document contains worksheets and exercises for students learning about computers. It covers the basic parts of a computer like the CPU, keyboard, monitor, and mouse. It also discusses common uses of computers like playing games, drawing pictures, listening to music, and solving math problems. The worksheets include activities like matching computer parts to their functions, identifying uses of computers, and completing sentences about using a computer for projects, drawings and math.
Process scheduling involves assigning system resources like CPU time to processes. There are three levels of scheduling - long, medium, and short term. The goals of scheduling are to minimize turnaround time, waiting time, and response time for users while maximizing throughput, CPU utilization, and fairness for the system. Common scheduling algorithms include first come first served, priority scheduling, shortest job first, round robin, and multilevel queue scheduling. Newer algorithms like fair share scheduling and lottery scheduling aim to prevent starvation.
The document outlines the main components of a computer system. It discusses the motherboard, which connects all the parts together including the CPU, memory, storage devices and ports. Storage devices mentioned include hard disk drives, floppy disks, and other external storage. Input devices include the keyboard, mouse, scanner, and microphone. Output devices include monitors to display visual output, speakers for audio, and printers. Other peripherals that enhance functionality are modems, digital cameras, sound cards and video cards.
The operating system manages key system resources and allows programs to interface with hardware. It performs process management by scheduling CPU time between processes, memory management by allocating and tracking memory used by processes, device management through device drivers that interface between devices and the OS, and file management by providing uniform access to stored data through sequential or direct file access.
A computer system consists of various interconnected components that work together, including hardware devices and software programs. It allows users to input data using devices like a keyboard and mouse, process and store the data, and output information using devices like a monitor. The main hardware components are the system unit and peripheral devices for input, output, and storage. Software programs include operating systems and utilities that control the computer, as well as application software for specific tasks.
This document is a 3-page exam for a Human Computer Interaction course. It contains 4 parts testing students' knowledge of HCI concepts and principles. Part 1 has 6 true/false questions worth 1.5 points each about system design and interface factors. Part 2 contains 8 multiple choice questions worth 2 points each related to HCI influences, usability, and interaction terms. Part 3 requires discussing the importance of HCI for e-business systems, describing 4 interaction styles, explaining human characteristics for design, and differentiating between slips and mistakes as human errors. The exam is out of a total of 35% and covers a range of foundational HCI topics.
The document discusses the kernel of an operating system. It defines the kernel as the core component where the OS code and functionality lies. It is responsible for scheduling processes and allocating memory. The responsibilities of the kernel include device management, handling system calls, memory management, and process management. Kernel mode allows privileged access to hardware while user mode restricts this for security. The dual mode architecture prevents user programs from interfering with the OS or other processes.
This document provides an overview of different types of computers and computer components. It discusses microcomputers, desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, servers, workstations, minicomputers, and mainframe computers. It also describes computer hardware components like processors, memory, storage, monitors, printers, and speakers. The document outlines computer software, programming languages, compilers, interpreters, booting, file systems, and multimedia. It provides examples of number systems, data conversion between decimal and binary. It also discusses ASCII, Unicode, and includes documentation for Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint 2010. Finally, it lists potential assignments related to using computers.
oxford computer books grade one chapter 1 to 3 question answer with exercise...FaB6 Design
This document contains worksheets and exercises for students learning about computers. It covers the basic parts of a computer like the CPU, keyboard, monitor, and mouse. It also discusses common uses of computers like playing games, drawing pictures, listening to music, and solving math problems. The worksheets include activities like matching computer parts to their functions, identifying uses of computers, and completing sentences about using a computer for projects, drawings and math.
Process scheduling involves assigning system resources like CPU time to processes. There are three levels of scheduling - long, medium, and short term. The goals of scheduling are to minimize turnaround time, waiting time, and response time for users while maximizing throughput, CPU utilization, and fairness for the system. Common scheduling algorithms include first come first served, priority scheduling, shortest job first, round robin, and multilevel queue scheduling. Newer algorithms like fair share scheduling and lottery scheduling aim to prevent starvation.
The document outlines the main components of a computer system. It discusses the motherboard, which connects all the parts together including the CPU, memory, storage devices and ports. Storage devices mentioned include hard disk drives, floppy disks, and other external storage. Input devices include the keyboard, mouse, scanner, and microphone. Output devices include monitors to display visual output, speakers for audio, and printers. Other peripherals that enhance functionality are modems, digital cameras, sound cards and video cards.
The operating system manages key system resources and allows programs to interface with hardware. It performs process management by scheduling CPU time between processes, memory management by allocating and tracking memory used by processes, device management through device drivers that interface between devices and the OS, and file management by providing uniform access to stored data through sequential or direct file access.
A computer system consists of various interconnected components that work together, including hardware devices and software programs. It allows users to input data using devices like a keyboard and mouse, process and store the data, and output information using devices like a monitor. The main hardware components are the system unit and peripheral devices for input, output, and storage. Software programs include operating systems and utilities that control the computer, as well as application software for specific tasks.
Gives an overview about Process, PCB, Process States, Process Operations, Scheduling, Schedulers, Interprocess communication, shared memory and message passing systems
Itc lec 1 introduction to computer applicationsAnzaDar3
This document provides an introduction to computers and their applications. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, manipulate the data according to programmed instructions, produce output, and store results. The document then discusses computer systems and their components. It describes different types of computers including analog, digital, and hybrid computers. It also outlines several key applications of computers in fields like business, education, banking, entertainment, and medicine. The document concludes by discussing advantages of computers such as increased speed and efficiency, as well as some disadvantages including potential unemployment, wasted time, and health risks from overuse.
This document discusses memory management techniques in operating systems. It covers logical versus physical address spaces, swapping, contiguous allocation, paging, segmentation, and segmentation with paging. Specific techniques discussed include dynamic loading, dynamic linking, overlays, the role of the memory management unit in address translation, and issues like fragmentation that can occur with contiguous allocation.
The document discusses the central processing unit (CPU). It describes the CPU as the multipurpose, programmable component of a computer that interprets instructions and performs logical and arithmetic operations. The CPU is composed of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that performs calculations, a control unit (CU) that directs signals between memory and the ALU, and register arrays that temporarily store processed data. Factors like clock rate, memory size, and instruction set complexity can impact a CPU's processing speed. The CPU executes a cycle of fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, executing operations, and storing results.
The kernel is the core component of an operating system that acts as a bridge between applications and hardware. When a system loads, the kernel loads first and remains in memory to perform low-level tasks like disk management, task management, and memory management. Kernels interface between hardware components like the CPU, memory, and I/O devices to provide services and manage computer resources, allowing other programs to run and access these resources. There are different types of kernels that vary in their implementation of operating system services.
This document provides an overview of the evolution of computers from the abacus to modern day computers. It discusses early calculating devices like the abacus, Pascal's adding machine, and Babbage's analytical engine. It then covers the development of programmable, electronic computers starting with ENIAC in the 1940s. The document also describes different generations of computers based on the underlying technology and classifications of computers based on size, speed, and purpose. Finally, it discusses the basic components of a computer system including input, output, memory, arithmetic logic unit, and control unit.
n computer operating systems, demand paging is a method of virtual memory management. In a system that uses demand paging, the operating system copies a disk page into physical memory only if an attempt is made to access it and that page is not already in memory
The document provides an outline on operating systems memory storage and management. It discusses how the OS must manage memory to ensure each process has enough space to execute without interfering with other processes. It describes different types of memory like cache, RAM, and disk and how the OS uses these properly. Specific topics covered include cache memory, RAM, virtual memory using swap files, the kernel, kernel types, shells, types of shells, shell scripting, and the four freedoms of open source software.
This document provides course material for the subject of Operating Systems for 4th semester B.E. Computer Science Engineering students at A.V.C. College of Engineering. It includes information on the name and designation of the faculty teaching the course, the academic year, curriculum regulations, 5 units that make up the course content, textbook and reference details. The course aims to cover key topics in operating systems including processes, process scheduling, storage management, file systems and I/O systems.
CPU scheduling allows processes to share the CPU by pausing execution of some processes to allow others to run. The scheduler selects which process in memory runs on the CPU. There are four types of scheduling decisions: when a process pauses for I/O, switches from running to ready, finishes I/O, or terminates. Scheduling can be preemptive, where a higher priority process interrupts a running one, or non-preemptive. Common algorithms are first come first serve, shortest job first, priority, and round robin. Real-time scheduling aims to process data without delays and ensures the highest priority tasks run first.
This document provides an overview of memory management concepts in computer systems. It discusses classification of memory types, memory addressing, memory management units, allocation techniques, swapping, fragmentation, page replacement algorithms, segmentation, hardware implementation, memory mapping, byte ordering, and common memory problems. The document contains 23 pages of content on these memory management topics.
The document provides an overview of the typical configuration of a computer system. It describes the basic components of a computer including the input unit, central processing unit (CPU), memory unit, and output unit. The CPU consists of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The document then focuses on the motherboard, which contains the CPU, memory, expansion slots, and other electronic components. It discusses the characteristics, types, and components of motherboards such as the processor, BIOS, slots, disk controllers, ports, and power supply.
The document discusses operating systems, describing them as programs that interface between users and computers to manage resources and tasks. It covers types of operating systems like single-user versus multi-user, and major functions including resource management, data management, and job management. The document also examines user interfaces, distinguishing between command line interfaces using text commands and graphical user interfaces using icons, windows, menus and pointers. Finally, it lists some examples of popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android.
This document provides an overview of computers, including their meaning, functions, features, generations, types, and components. It defines a computer as an electronic device that takes in raw data as input, processes it according to stored instructions, and produces output. Computers are characterized by their high speed, accuracy, large storage capacity, diligence, and versatility. The document outlines the five generations of computers from vacuum tubes to modern devices incorporating artificial intelligence. It also describes various types of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, minis, and personal computers. Finally, it defines the basic software and hardware components that allow computers to function.
System call is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the kernel of the operating system it is executed on.
This may include hardware-related services (for example, accessing a hard disk drive), creation and execution of new processes, and communication with integral kernel services such as process scheduling.
System calls provide an essential interface between a process and the operating system
a glance on memory management in operating system.
this note is useful for those who are keen to know about how the OS works and a brief explanation regarding several terms such
-paging
segmentation
fragmentation
virtual memory
page table
to A Level A2 Computing students, this light note may be helpful for your revision
This presentation provides an overview of the key features and functionality of the Windows 7 operating system. It describes the desktop environment including icons, arranging icons, and customizing properties. It also outlines the start menu, taskbar, search tools, and built-in applications. The presentation concludes with sections on internet security, free software included with Windows 7, and gadgets.
User interfaces allow users to interact with computers and software. There are three main types: command line interfaces require users to enter specific text commands; menu interfaces present users with lists of options to select; graphical user interfaces utilize visual elements like icons that users can click with a mouse. Command line interfaces are best for experts and require less memory but commands must be typed precisely. Menu interfaces don't require learning a language and are ideal when there are limited options but can be irritating with too many menus. Graphical user interfaces are now the most common as they are more user-friendly though offer less customization options.
This document provides an introduction to information technology concepts. It discusses basic computer components like hardware, software, and networks. It defines key terms related to IT like data, information, programs, and computer types. The document also summarizes the basic functions of computers in processing input data and producing output information. It examines the components that make up a computer system and common peripheral devices.
Computers have evolved over five generations, with each generation bringing improvements in size, speed, reliability and cost. The first generation used vacuum tubes, punched cards and were very large, expensive and unreliable. The second generation introduced transistors, magnetic storage and were smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits and were faster, cheaper and easier to use commercially. The fourth generation had microprocessors, semiconductor memory and were small and affordable. The fifth generation utilizes powerful desktop PCs, laptops, optical disks and internet support. Computers can be classified based on size, purpose, technology and historical development.
Gives an overview about Process, PCB, Process States, Process Operations, Scheduling, Schedulers, Interprocess communication, shared memory and message passing systems
Itc lec 1 introduction to computer applicationsAnzaDar3
This document provides an introduction to computers and their applications. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, manipulate the data according to programmed instructions, produce output, and store results. The document then discusses computer systems and their components. It describes different types of computers including analog, digital, and hybrid computers. It also outlines several key applications of computers in fields like business, education, banking, entertainment, and medicine. The document concludes by discussing advantages of computers such as increased speed and efficiency, as well as some disadvantages including potential unemployment, wasted time, and health risks from overuse.
This document discusses memory management techniques in operating systems. It covers logical versus physical address spaces, swapping, contiguous allocation, paging, segmentation, and segmentation with paging. Specific techniques discussed include dynamic loading, dynamic linking, overlays, the role of the memory management unit in address translation, and issues like fragmentation that can occur with contiguous allocation.
The document discusses the central processing unit (CPU). It describes the CPU as the multipurpose, programmable component of a computer that interprets instructions and performs logical and arithmetic operations. The CPU is composed of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that performs calculations, a control unit (CU) that directs signals between memory and the ALU, and register arrays that temporarily store processed data. Factors like clock rate, memory size, and instruction set complexity can impact a CPU's processing speed. The CPU executes a cycle of fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, executing operations, and storing results.
The kernel is the core component of an operating system that acts as a bridge between applications and hardware. When a system loads, the kernel loads first and remains in memory to perform low-level tasks like disk management, task management, and memory management. Kernels interface between hardware components like the CPU, memory, and I/O devices to provide services and manage computer resources, allowing other programs to run and access these resources. There are different types of kernels that vary in their implementation of operating system services.
This document provides an overview of the evolution of computers from the abacus to modern day computers. It discusses early calculating devices like the abacus, Pascal's adding machine, and Babbage's analytical engine. It then covers the development of programmable, electronic computers starting with ENIAC in the 1940s. The document also describes different generations of computers based on the underlying technology and classifications of computers based on size, speed, and purpose. Finally, it discusses the basic components of a computer system including input, output, memory, arithmetic logic unit, and control unit.
n computer operating systems, demand paging is a method of virtual memory management. In a system that uses demand paging, the operating system copies a disk page into physical memory only if an attempt is made to access it and that page is not already in memory
The document provides an outline on operating systems memory storage and management. It discusses how the OS must manage memory to ensure each process has enough space to execute without interfering with other processes. It describes different types of memory like cache, RAM, and disk and how the OS uses these properly. Specific topics covered include cache memory, RAM, virtual memory using swap files, the kernel, kernel types, shells, types of shells, shell scripting, and the four freedoms of open source software.
This document provides course material for the subject of Operating Systems for 4th semester B.E. Computer Science Engineering students at A.V.C. College of Engineering. It includes information on the name and designation of the faculty teaching the course, the academic year, curriculum regulations, 5 units that make up the course content, textbook and reference details. The course aims to cover key topics in operating systems including processes, process scheduling, storage management, file systems and I/O systems.
CPU scheduling allows processes to share the CPU by pausing execution of some processes to allow others to run. The scheduler selects which process in memory runs on the CPU. There are four types of scheduling decisions: when a process pauses for I/O, switches from running to ready, finishes I/O, or terminates. Scheduling can be preemptive, where a higher priority process interrupts a running one, or non-preemptive. Common algorithms are first come first serve, shortest job first, priority, and round robin. Real-time scheduling aims to process data without delays and ensures the highest priority tasks run first.
This document provides an overview of memory management concepts in computer systems. It discusses classification of memory types, memory addressing, memory management units, allocation techniques, swapping, fragmentation, page replacement algorithms, segmentation, hardware implementation, memory mapping, byte ordering, and common memory problems. The document contains 23 pages of content on these memory management topics.
The document provides an overview of the typical configuration of a computer system. It describes the basic components of a computer including the input unit, central processing unit (CPU), memory unit, and output unit. The CPU consists of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The document then focuses on the motherboard, which contains the CPU, memory, expansion slots, and other electronic components. It discusses the characteristics, types, and components of motherboards such as the processor, BIOS, slots, disk controllers, ports, and power supply.
The document discusses operating systems, describing them as programs that interface between users and computers to manage resources and tasks. It covers types of operating systems like single-user versus multi-user, and major functions including resource management, data management, and job management. The document also examines user interfaces, distinguishing between command line interfaces using text commands and graphical user interfaces using icons, windows, menus and pointers. Finally, it lists some examples of popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android.
This document provides an overview of computers, including their meaning, functions, features, generations, types, and components. It defines a computer as an electronic device that takes in raw data as input, processes it according to stored instructions, and produces output. Computers are characterized by their high speed, accuracy, large storage capacity, diligence, and versatility. The document outlines the five generations of computers from vacuum tubes to modern devices incorporating artificial intelligence. It also describes various types of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, minis, and personal computers. Finally, it defines the basic software and hardware components that allow computers to function.
System call is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the kernel of the operating system it is executed on.
This may include hardware-related services (for example, accessing a hard disk drive), creation and execution of new processes, and communication with integral kernel services such as process scheduling.
System calls provide an essential interface between a process and the operating system
a glance on memory management in operating system.
this note is useful for those who are keen to know about how the OS works and a brief explanation regarding several terms such
-paging
segmentation
fragmentation
virtual memory
page table
to A Level A2 Computing students, this light note may be helpful for your revision
This presentation provides an overview of the key features and functionality of the Windows 7 operating system. It describes the desktop environment including icons, arranging icons, and customizing properties. It also outlines the start menu, taskbar, search tools, and built-in applications. The presentation concludes with sections on internet security, free software included with Windows 7, and gadgets.
User interfaces allow users to interact with computers and software. There are three main types: command line interfaces require users to enter specific text commands; menu interfaces present users with lists of options to select; graphical user interfaces utilize visual elements like icons that users can click with a mouse. Command line interfaces are best for experts and require less memory but commands must be typed precisely. Menu interfaces don't require learning a language and are ideal when there are limited options but can be irritating with too many menus. Graphical user interfaces are now the most common as they are more user-friendly though offer less customization options.
This document provides an introduction to information technology concepts. It discusses basic computer components like hardware, software, and networks. It defines key terms related to IT like data, information, programs, and computer types. The document also summarizes the basic functions of computers in processing input data and producing output information. It examines the components that make up a computer system and common peripheral devices.
Computers have evolved over five generations, with each generation bringing improvements in size, speed, reliability and cost. The first generation used vacuum tubes, punched cards and were very large, expensive and unreliable. The second generation introduced transistors, magnetic storage and were smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits and were faster, cheaper and easier to use commercially. The fourth generation had microprocessors, semiconductor memory and were small and affordable. The fifth generation utilizes powerful desktop PCs, laptops, optical disks and internet support. Computers can be classified based on size, purpose, technology and historical development.
This document provides an overview of basics of computers. It discusses that computers are now integral parts of our lives and are used for various purposes like reservations, payments, banking, research etc. It then defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it, and provides the output. It also discusses the characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, storage capability. The document further explains the different types of computers like digital, analog and different generations of computers from first to fifth generation. It also classifies computers as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes and supercomputers. Finally, it describes the basic components and concepts of a computer system.
A computer is defined as an electronic device that can perform calculations at enormous speeds and generate output from input data according to programmed instructions. It consists of hardware, software, data, and users. The hardware is the physical machinery including input devices like keyboards, output devices like monitors, storage devices, communication devices, and the central processing unit. Software includes system software that controls the hardware and application software that allows users to perform tasks. Data are the individual facts and pieces of information processed by the computer. Users are people who operate the computer and provide it with instructions and data.
Computer systems accept digital data as input and manipulate it according to programmed instructions to produce useful output. There are five generations of computers based on the underlying technology used. Computers include input, output, processing, storage, and control units. Common components are the CPU, memory (RAM, ROM), and motherboard. Software includes system software that interfaces hardware and applications, like operating systems and compilers.
This document provides an overview of various topics related to computer science including computers and their components, software concepts, data representation, microprocessors, memory concepts, and object-oriented programming concepts. It discusses the evolution of computing devices and technologies. It also describes system software, application software, operating systems, and commonly used operating systems such as Linux and Windows.
This document provides information about computer hardware, software, operating systems, and programming languages. It discusses the components of a computer including input, memory, CPU, output, and control units. It also describes different types of memory and storage. The document defines system software, programming software, and application software. It introduces common operating systems like Windows and Unix and explains their purpose. Finally, it discusses low-level programming languages like machine language and assembly, and high-level languages like C++ and their translation process using compilers and interpreters.
This document provides an introduction to computers by defining what a computer is, describing its basic components and functions. It explains that a computer accepts data as input, processes it, produces information as output and can store results. The main components are the central processing unit, memory, storage devices and input/output devices like the keyboard, mouse, monitor and printer. It also discusses how data is stored in binary format and how software, including operating systems and applications, allows computers to perform tasks.
Title: The Transformative Power of Computer Usage in Today's World
Ladies and gentlemen,
In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, few phenomena have had as profound an impact as the widespread adoption and utilization of computers. From personal computing to artificial intelligence, from social networking to scientific research, computers have become ubiquitous tools that shape nearly every aspect of our lives. Today, I stand before you to explore the transformative power of computer usage in our modern world.
First and foremost, let us consider the realm of communication. Never before in human history have we been so interconnected, thanks to the advent of the internet and social media platforms. Computers serve as our gateways to the digital realm, facilitating instant communication with individuals across the globe. Whether it's through email, messaging apps, or video conferencing tools, computers have revolutionized the way we connect with one another, breaking down barriers of distance and time.
Moreover, the democratization of information is another hallmark of computer usage in today's world. The internet is a vast repository of knowledge, accessible to anyone with a computer and an internet connection. From educational resources to scholarly research, from news updates to DIY tutorials, the wealth of information available at our fingertips is staggering. Computers empower individuals to learn, explore, and discover at their own pace, fostering a culture of lifelong learning and intellectual curiosity.
In addition to communication and information access, computers have also revolutionized industries and economies around the world. The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way we shop, allowing consumers to browse and purchase goods and services online with unprecedented ease and convenience. From Amazon to Alibaba, from eBay to Etsy, online marketplaces have become virtual shopping malls where millions of transactions take place every day, transcending geographical boundaries and time zones.
Furthermore, the integration of computers into various sectors, such as healthcare, finance, and transportation, has led to increased efficiency, productivity, and innovation. In healthcare, electronic medical records and telemedicine platforms enable healthcare providers to deliver quality care to patients regardless of their location. In finance, algorithmic trading and blockchain technology have revolutionized the way we invest, trade, and manage financial assets. In transportation, autonomous vehicles and smart traffic systems promise to revolutionize urban mobility and reduce congestion on our roads.
However, amidst the myriad benefits of computer usage, it is essential to acknowledge the challenges and concerns that accompany this technological revolution. Cybersecurity threats, such as hacking, malware, and data breaches, pose significant risks to individuals, businesses, and governments alike. Privacy concerns regarding
The document provides information about operating a personal computer, including starting the computer as the first learning outcome. It discusses the basic components of a computer including the central processing unit, storage and memory, input/output devices, and software. The summary focuses on the key components and their functions at a high level:
1) A computer contains hardware components like the CPU for processing, storage devices for saving data, and input/output devices for receiving and displaying information.
2) Software programs include operating systems that manage the computer's functions and application programs for specific tasks.
3) Data is processed and stored in the computer in binary format using basic units like bits, bytes, and words.
This document provides information about Smruti Ranjan Lenka, a class 9 student. It discusses the introduction, uses, applications, limitations and basic functioning of computers. It describes different types of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, mini computers, and personal computers. It also covers the binary concept, computer performance measurement and storage unit measurement.
A computer is an electronic device that can accept data as input, process the data according to instructions, produce output, and store information for future use. It has five basic functions: taking input, storing data and instructions, processing data, generating output, and controlling all other functions. The two main components of a computer are hardware, the physical parts, and software, which are instructions and data. A computer uses input devices to receive data, a central processing unit to process data, primary memory to temporarily store data, secondary storage like hard disks to permanently store data, and output devices to communicate the results.
C Programming Language is the most popular computer language and most used programming language till now. It is very simple and elegant language. This lecture series will give you basic concepts of structured programming language with C.
There are several types of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, and mini-computers which are used to process large amounts of information for things like weather prediction, satellite images, and military scenarios. Personal computers, also known as PCs, are smaller and less powerful and are used in homes, schools, and small businesses. There are desktop, portable, and hand-held personal computers. A network connects computers together using wires or wireless to share hardware and information. Computers have two basic parts - hardware which are the tangible parts like the case, CPU, monitor, and storage devices; and software which are the programs that tell the computer what to do like operating systems and applications.
There are several types of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, and mini-computers which are used to process large amounts of information for things like weather prediction, satellite images, and military scenarios. Personal computers, also known as PCs, are smaller and less powerful and are used in homes, schools, and small businesses. There are desktop, portable, and hand-held personal computers. A network connects computers together using wires or wireless to share hardware and information. Computers have two basic parts - hardware which are the tangible parts like the case, CPU, monitor, and storage devices; and software which are the programs that tell the computer what to do like operating systems and applications.
This document defines and describes basic concepts related to information and communication technologies (ICT). It discusses the main components of a personal computer including hardware such as processors, memory, input/output/storage devices, and software including operating systems, applications, and licensing. It provides examples and definitions of key terms used to describe digital devices, computer components, and units of data storage such as bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and more.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to introduction to computers including:
- Definitions of computer, types of computers categorized by size and power, and the evolution of computers through four generations.
- The basic elements of a computer system including hardware, peripheral devices, and software. Hardware consists of components like the CPU and memory while software includes operating systems and application programs.
- How data is represented digitally using binary digits and coding schemes and how it is processed into meaningful information.
- Key roles in a computer system including users, professionals who design and operate systems, and end-users who utilize computers for tasks.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including definitions, components, and functions. It discusses the central processing unit, memory/storage units, input/output units, and various software programs. The key points covered are:
- A computer is defined as an electronic device that processes data under program instructions.
- The main components are the CPU, memory, input, and output units. The CPU contains the arithmetic logic unit and control unit.
- Memory can be internal RAM/ROM or external magnetic disks, tapes, CDs, etc.
- Common input devices are the keyboard, mouse, and scanner. Output devices include the monitor and printers.
- Software includes operating systems like Windows/DOS and productivity
1. The document provides information about English grammar rules for primary school including the alphabet, vowels, punctuation, parts of speech, verbs, pronouns, and demonstrative adjectives.
2. Key points covered include the alphabet, use of "an" with words beginning with vowels, capitalization rules for punctuation, and explanations of nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns and other grammar topics.
3. The document aims to teach basic English grammar rules to primary school students.
بنك أسئلة اللغة الإنجليزية للصف السادس الابتدائى - الترم الأول 2018 - time fo...أمنية وجدى
This document provides vocabulary, grammar structures, and content for an English lesson about places to visit. It includes vocabulary words for things like pounds, theatre, and foreigners. It presents grammar like the present simple tense of regular and irregular verbs. It also gives information about locations like the Egyptian Museum, including sample dialogue where a receptionist provides hours of operation from 9am to 7pm upon being asked.
بنك أسئلة اللغة الإنجليزية للصف الرابع الابتدائى - الترم الأول 2018 - time fo...أمنية وجدى
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1. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
In this chapter we will know that the different ways for uses the computer
But at first we must know that:
Where computers are better?
1. Repetitive tasks.
2. Easily automated tasks.
3. Mathematical calculations.
4. Dangerous situations.
Where people are better?
1. Any activity requiring thought or creativity.
2. Interacting with humans.
A computer , s uses in our life are in :
Business (Offices – Shops - Libraries), Home, Education, Healthcare
First: the uses of computer in business are …
a- Offices :
1- Store records
2- Paying employees
3- Sending letters
4- Communicate with other companies and department
b- Shops :
1- Calculate bills using bar code.
2- Payment using a credit card.
c- Libraries:
Managing libraries (Borrowing or returning books using bar code)
Second: the uses of computer in Education?
1- Storing students data
2- Writing reports
3- CBT (Computer base training) material to study science, math etc
4- Distance learning systems ( E- learning )
Real world example of using computer in Education is Distance Learning System
( E - Learning).
Third: the uses of computer in Healthcare?
1. Record patient records
2. Control diagnostic instructions
3. Provide online services
4. Perform medical research
1
2. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
1. Where computers are better than people?
a) …………………………………………………………..
b) ……………………………………………………………
c) ……………………………………………………………
d) ……………………………………………………………
2. Identify the fields where the computers can affect?
a) …………………………………………………………..
b) ……………………………………………………………
c) ……………………………………………………………
d) ……………………………………………………………
3. Give some example of using computer in Education?
a) …………………………………………………………..
b) ……………………………………………………………
2
Questions
3. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
A computer is an electronic device that processes data converting it into information
that is useful to decision makers
Computers are controlled by programming instruction ,which give the machine a
purpose and tell it what , when and how to do it
A complete computer system consists of four parts :
1. Hardeware
2. Software
3. humanware
4. Data And Information
We Can Define them by :
Hardware: Any part of the computer you can see and touch
Software: A set of instructions that order the computer to perform tasks
Human ware: a- Maintain hardware b- Develop software
c- Design d- Operate and use
Data & Information:
Data types : Words – Numbers – Images - Sound or video
The types of computers are :
Computer name Capacity Speed Cost
PC (Personal Computer) 40GB – 120
GB 1 GHz – 3 GHz Fairly in expensive
Mainframe for large
businesses and organizations
Thousands of
PCs
Much faster
than PCs Highly expensive
Macintosh ( Mac ) 40GB – 120
GB
500 MHz – 3
GHz
More than the
equivalent PC
Laptop
Run on batteries 20GB – 80GB 700 MHz – 3
GHz
More than the
equivalent PC
Server (Works with
networks)
More than
160 GB Faster than PC More expensive than
PC
PDA (personal data
assistant)
To store small files-appointments
64MB – 8GB 8 MHz – 266
MHz
Expensive when
comparing with PC
3
4. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
* Draw a line to match the five steps for buying a computer:
· Buy that computer
· Find hardware to make the software go.
· Shop for service and support.
· Decide what you want the computer to
do.
· Find software to get that job done.
* Define each items following:
1. Hardware:...................................
2. Software:...............................................................
3. Human ware:.................................
4. Data & Information:........................
4
Questions
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
5. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
The computer components are:
Processor: (CPU) (Central processing unit) the brain of the computer, it's hidden
inside the computer case that does all the work like calculations.
Memory: Temporary storage place
(The size of the memory is very important factor in computer efficiency)
Input units: used to input data to the computer.
For example: Keyboard, Mouse, Scroll ball, Drawing board, Light pen, Touch Screen,
Touch pad , Joystick, Microphone and Scanner.
Output units: are in charge of displaying the result of processing data.
For example: Monitor, Printers (Laser – Inkjet), Plotter and Speakers
Storage
The measuring units:
1 Byte= 8 bits
1 KiloByte= 1024 B
1 MegaByte= 1024 K B
1 GigaByte= 1024 MB
1 TeraByte= 1024 GB
The factors that affect computer efficiency are:
1- Processor speed 2- Rationalize: human mistakes
3- Hard disk capacity 4- Memory capacity
5
6. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
* Match each device with suitable number that describes it:
Device Number Device Number
Keyboard Monitor
Mouse Printer
Speaker Floppy disk
6
-1-
Inpu
t
units
-2-
Output
units
-3-
Storag
e units
Questions
7. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
Software is : Instructions that order the computer to perform a task
We have three types of Computer Software These are :
1- Operating System :
In charge of managing the movement of data and information from the memory to the
processing unit and from the processing unit to the memory, then to the output units.
Manages disks & files
Monitors Activities
The operating system is working in the background of the computer while you are
working on the computer.
2- Applications: According to its tasks
Like:
Word processing, spreadsheets, Database, Entertainment, Education, movie programs
Browser programs
3- Utility Programs : to perform a task for the computer operations
Like :PDF tool(for creating and editing PDF files)-Anti-viruses(to make your computer
completely free of infection)
The software work through operating system by these steps:
The operating system receives the orders from applications
it sends them to the processing unit to be processed
restore the result to the user.
Give a word to complete the sentences:
1. ……………………………………. Works with words to help you write letters.
7
Questions
8. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
2. …………………………………… helps you to use functions.
3. …………………………………… programs translate between users and computer.
4. …………………………………… helps you to do mailing lists.
5. ……………………………………. helps you learn new skills.
8
9. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
Data is : The raw material of information
Information is : The output of processing data
IT( Information Technology ) is :
A set of computers which the processing and storing data are done,
that contain text, picture and sound.
* Computers process information as a series of electric signals as human brain.
Computer processes data through :
CPU : the brain of the computer which contain
Control unit (CU): arranges the data flow through the computer an controls all the
computer units.
Arithmetic and logic unit ( ALU ) : To perform all the arithmetic and logic
operations.
Memory (RAM – ROM): To store data and orders
Note: When computer receives data through input units, the data stores in the main
memory, then the CPU processes it, then output the information through the output
units such as Monitor.
The human ware have an Important role in computer system such as :
Designers Programmers Builders
The stages of processing data are:
1- Input data: through input units
2- Process data: (arithmetic operations – storing – comparing – classification)
3- Dealing with outputs: (storing – restoring – communicate – reproduce)
9
10. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
Put (True) or (False):
1. Software is things that can be touched. ( )
2. Pictures and sound are the only 2 types of data that can be input to the
computer ( )
3. The size of Memory is not affecting the computer efficiency. ( )
4. Information is the raw material of data. ( )
5. Data can by ( letters – words – numbers – movies – songs. ( )
6. Builders use the computer languages to put programs. ( )
7. ( ALU ) used To perform all the arithmetic and logic operations. ( )
8. Data and orders stored in CPU ( )
9. Operating System is one of computer hardware ( )
10. PC , Mainframe , Word processing and Macintosh are all types of computer( )
10
Questions
11. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
There are some suitable definitions of the following
concepts:
1. Network : A connection of two computers or more in the same
room or the same building or even in a two distant regions.
2. Internet : A connection between millions of computers all over
the world.
3. WWW (World Wide Web):
Millions of information pages in all fields of knowledge.
4. The Site : one page or more and concerning one topic
and consists of a home page and hyper links for the other
pages.
5. Hyper link : A text or a picture (hides an address inside it
when you click on it the address is opened )
6. URL Address : (Uniform Resources Locator)
It is the place where the data stored.
7. The web page : It is an electronic document written with the
HTML language. And it contains the hyper links.
8. The internet browser : A program we use to display the
information pages. Where the browser restore data from the
ISPs.
Such as: Internet Explorer – Mozilla Firefox
There are some of the internet services like:
1- E-mails 2- WWW ( World wide web )
3- Search ( Google – Yahoo ) 4- Multimedia
You can navigate through the internet by :
1- Hyper links ( Picture or text )
2- URL Address
11
12. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
You need to communicate with the internet :
1- Computer 2- Browsing program 3- ISP
Give a suitable definition for theses concepts:
1- Internet :……………………………………………………………………………..
2- WWW :………………………………………………………………………………….
3- Hyper link :……………………………………………………………………………………
4- The internet browser:……………………………………………………………
5- The web page :…………………………………………………………………………….
6- Network :…………………………………………………………………………………………
Give some simples for the internet services
1-…………………………..
2-…………………………..
3-…………………………..
12
Questions
13. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
The Windows desktop features:
Windows desktop interface consists of:
Icons like:my computer, my document
Recycle bin
Wall paper
Task bar consists of: start menu, Clock,
Minimized windows
How to move the windows:
1. Open my computer window.
2. Put the mouse pointer on the title bar of the window.
3. Press on the left button of the mouse , keep on pressing until you move the
window
How can you size a window:
1. Put the mouse pointer on any of the window borders, the shape will be changed.
2. Press on the left button of the mouse and keep on pressing until you size the
window ( left or right – upper or lower )
3. When you reach the required size release the button
How can you arrange windows from taskbar?
1. Right click on any free space on the task bar
2. A popup menu appears choose one of the following :
· Cascade windows
· Tile windows vertically
· Tile windows horizontally
13
14. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
Cascade windows Tile windows horizontally Tile windows vertically
How can you move through the opened windows?
- By pressing on any space of them or the
name of the window from the task bar
14
15. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
Complete:
Components of the desktop are:
4. ………………………………………………………………………………
5. ……………………………………………………………………………..
6. ………………………………………………………………………………
Rearrange the following steps :
How can you move my computer window?
1. Press on the left button of the mouse and keeping pressing until you size the
window ( left or right – upper or lower ) (step……)
2. Put mouse pointer on any of the window border, the shape will be changes.
(step ……)
3. When you reach the required size release the button (step ……)
How can you arrange windows from taskbar?
1. Choose your suitable way to rearrange the windows. (step ……)
2. A popup menu appears choose one of the following (step ……)
· Cascade windows
· The windows vertically
· The windows horizontally
3. Right click on any free space on the task bar (step ……)
How can you size a window?
1. Open my computer window. (step……)
2. Press on the left button of the mouse , keeping pressing until you move the
window (step ….)
3. Put the mouse pointer on the title bar of the window. (step ……)
How can you move through the opened windows?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Put √ or × :
1. We can arrange windows from taskbar by lift click on it ( )
2. We can through the opened windows by pressing on the name of the
window from standard bar ( )
15
Questions
16. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
Searching for Hardware:
This option will be if your computer is connected to a network that's allowing you to
access the resources that are shared by other computers within the network.
The following steps to access the search option for
hardware:
1. Click on start menu Select the option search
2. Choose computers or people.
3. Choose computers in network.
4. this window will appear where you have to:
· Computer name: here you need to type
the name of computer you're looking for
· Search button: then you need to click on search button
5. if your computer which you looking for is on the
network it will display the result in the right panel and you
will double click on it But if it doesn't display any result
you must sure that your computer isn't in the network
16
1
2
3
4 3
3
17. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
Searching for People:
If you have Outlook that's mean you have an address book Now you have the ability
to search the name of a person in the address book.
The following steps to access the search option for hardware:
1. Click on start menu Select the option search
2. Choose computers or people.
3. Select People in your address book.
4. The following window will open.
17
1
2
3
3
4
3
18. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
· Look in : here we indicate if we search in the address book in
our computer or in other people through internet.
· People : here we indicate some search criteria such as : name,
e_mail,etc…
· Find now : once we entered the information we click here to
start the search.
· Clear all : click on it if you want to delete the search
information.
Note:
If you haven't an address book you must create it by the following:
Click on start menu Accessories Select an address book
Fill the boxes with one friend information
Once these boxes have been filled in, click on OK.
Define the steps for searching for PC4?
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………
How can you get the search window?
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………
18
Questions
19. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
* How can you install a new printer?
Start Printer and faxes Add printer
Or
Start Control Panel Printer and faxes Add printer
19
20. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
*How can you manage printing?
Start Control Panel Printer and faxes
Right click on the printer that you would like to manage then choose open.
The next dialogue box appears
*How can you: Delete document – pause document – delete all
documents set the printer as default?
Start Control Panel Printer and faxes then choose the name of the
printer
20
21. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
- To delete a document :select the document then click on the delete button.
- To Pause printimg document :open the menu document then click Pause
- To delete all documents: open the menu printer then select cancel all
documents.
- To set a printer as a default printer: open the menu printer then select
Set as Default Printer.
*How can you manage printing?
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………
*How can you set the printer as default?
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………
21
Questions
22. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
* How can you Add a new Program from CD , Floppy disk or
from Microsoft ( Windows Update )?
Start Control Panel Add or remove program Add new program
* How can you Modify or remove a program ?
Start Control Panel Add or remove program Change or
remove programs
Choose the program
That you need to
Modify or remove
22
23. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
Then press on the button
* How can you add a component of the windows xp components ?
Start Control Panel Add or remove program
Then choose the icon
a window appears
23
24. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
Complete:
1. You can Modify or remove a program by:
Start …………….. Add or remove program
…………………
2. You can install a new printer by:
Start ……………….. Add printer
Or
Start ……………… Printer and faxes
………………..
24
Questions
25. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
*Define : Drivers
Files describe the hardware and allow the computer to communicate with it.
*When you add a new hardware there are two possibillities,
mention them ?
A- The operating system recognizes the new hardware element.
Windows will begin to install the hardware and will not have to do anything more.
B- The operating system doesn't recognize the new hardware element.
In some cases it may ask for the CD with the drivers.
* How can you add a new hardware ?
Start Control Panel Add or remove hardware
25
26. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
*What are the steps to install a digital camera?
First, connect the camera to the computer
Start Control Panel Scanners and cameras Add device
(You will find it on the left side of the screen) The assistant will start, simply follow
the steps to complete the installation. .
*How can you see the state of the hardware of your system ?
26
27. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
* How can you get the help and support window?
Start Help and support (or just press the help F1)
*Mention the function of the buttons 1, 2, 3,4,5,6 in the help
and support window?
27
28. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
*How can you use the help and support to know about the
(New program) topic?
Start Help and support then write the name of the topic you want to look
for in the search text box then click on the arrow beside it .
28
29. El-Zahraa language schools Computer booklet for M1
Complete:
*you can get the help and support window by Start
…………………………………………
(or just press the help F1)
*you can add a new hardware by Start Control Panel
……………………………..
*What are the steps to install a digital camera?
First, connect the camera to the computer
Start Control Panel …………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………
*write what each number is referring to:
1. …………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………
4. …………………………………………………………
5. …………………………………………………………
6. …………………………………………………………
29
Questions