Bone marrow aspiration is a procedure where a small bone marrow sample is removed, usually from the hip, breastbone, or thigh bone. A local anesthetic is used to numb the skin and bone before a needle is inserted to aspirate (remove) a liquid bone marrow sample. The sample is examined under a microscope to diagnose diseases of the bone marrow or blood cells. Common reasons for the procedure include diagnosing anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, or monitoring treatment effectiveness. Potential complications include bleeding and infection at the puncture site.
Bone marrow aspiration & trephine biopsySanjeev Kumar
Bone marrow aspiration & trephine biopsy, Complication of BM Aspiration, Clinical significance, Indication of Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy, Types Of Needles, Site for Bone Marrow Biopsy And Aspiration, types Of Smear for Bone Marrow, Advantages of Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsy
Bone marrow aspiration & trephine biopsySanjeev Kumar
Bone marrow aspiration & trephine biopsy, Complication of BM Aspiration, Clinical significance, Indication of Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy, Types Of Needles, Site for Bone Marrow Biopsy And Aspiration, types Of Smear for Bone Marrow, Advantages of Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsy
This presentation defines 5 histological and cytological instruments used in the laboratories which are flow cytometry, cytocentrifuge, microtome, biological microscope, tissue flotation bath.
An absolute eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of one type of white blood cells called eosinophils.
Eosinophils become active when you have certain allergic diseases, infections, and other medical conditions.
Electrolytes are minerals which are present in the blood and body tissues and are essential for metabolism, for proper nerve and muscle functioning, for maintenance of proper water balance, and proper blood pH (acid-base balance). The serum electrolyte test includes a group of tests to measure the following electrolytes: Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+) and Chloride (Cl-).
Reference: https://www.1mg.com/labs/test/serum-electrolyte-1761
Cytopathology Lab manual for MLT Students Vamsi kumar
COURSE OUTCOMES
On completion of this course the students will able to:
Understand the preparation of Cytopathological reagents.
Wet film preparation.
Staining (H&E, Pap) of Vaginal, Cervical, Sputum, FNAC Etc.
This presentation defines 5 histological and cytological instruments used in the laboratories which are flow cytometry, cytocentrifuge, microtome, biological microscope, tissue flotation bath.
An absolute eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of one type of white blood cells called eosinophils.
Eosinophils become active when you have certain allergic diseases, infections, and other medical conditions.
Electrolytes are minerals which are present in the blood and body tissues and are essential for metabolism, for proper nerve and muscle functioning, for maintenance of proper water balance, and proper blood pH (acid-base balance). The serum electrolyte test includes a group of tests to measure the following electrolytes: Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+) and Chloride (Cl-).
Reference: https://www.1mg.com/labs/test/serum-electrolyte-1761
Cytopathology Lab manual for MLT Students Vamsi kumar
COURSE OUTCOMES
On completion of this course the students will able to:
Understand the preparation of Cytopathological reagents.
Wet film preparation.
Staining (H&E, Pap) of Vaginal, Cervical, Sputum, FNAC Etc.
SEPTIC ARTHRITIS AS AN INFECTIOUS PROCESS, DESCRIBING THE APPLIED ANATOMY, THE ORGANISMS INVOLVED, STAGES , PRESENTATION ALL THE WAY DOEN TO THE MANAGEMENT PROTOCALS
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
2. Introduction
A procedure in which a small sample of bone marrow is removed, usually from
the hip bone, breastbone, or thigh bone. A small area of skin and the surface of
the bone underneath are numbed with an anesthetic. Then, a special wide
needle is pushed into the bone. A sample of liquid bone marrow is removed with
a syringe attached to the needle. The bone marrow is sent to a laboratory to be
looked at under a microscope. This procedure may be done at the same time as
a bone marrow biopsy.
3.
4. Why Bone marrow?
Doctor may perform a bone marrow exam to:
• Diagnose a disease or condition involving the bone marrow or
blood cells
• Determine the stage or progression of a disease
• Determine whether iron levels are adequate
• Monitor treatment of a disease
• Investigate a fever of unknown origin
5. Indications
• Anemia.
• Hemochromatosis (iron overload).
• Leukemia.
• Myelodysplastic syndrome.
• Aplastic anemia.
• Leukopenia, a condition that causes low white blood cell count.
• Lymphoma, including adult Hodgkin’s lymphoma and adult
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
• Myelofibrosis.
• Tuberculosis.
6. • Bone Marrow Aspiration is an invasive procedures in
which good technical skill is crucial to obtain samples suitable
for processing and diagnostic interpretation. The type and
calibre of the needle is one of the main variables of the
technique, and is selected on the basis of the age, gender and
body mass of the patient.
7. A bone marrow kit
A bone marrow kit should be utilized containing:
• Sterile drapes
• Needles
• Syringes
• An aspiration needle
• A biopsy needle. If performed on the posterior iliac crest, a Jamshidi needle is often
preferred for biopsy.[15]
• 1% to 2% lidocaine with or without epinephrine
• Specimen slides
• Specimen containers will be required as well. The number of required pathology slides
and specimen containers will vary depending on the type of pathology under investigation
and whether or not a biopsy will be performed in addition to the aspiration.
9. Sites of Bone marrow Aspiration and Biopsy
The site selected for the aspiration
depends on:
The age of the patient
Whether or not a needle or
trephine biopsy is required
The appropriate sites in an adult
include the posterior iliac crest
(preferred site), anterior iliac crest,
and sternum.
Under 12 years – iliac crest
The tibia may be used in infants
younger than 18 months of age.
9
10. The sternum
The best site when aspiration only is needed
The easiest to puncture
Considered to yield the most cellular samples
A disadvantage is that the patient has a clear view of the procedure
which may cause distress
Anterior or posterior iliac spines
Have the advantage that if no material is aspirated, a micro trephine
biopsy can be performed immediately
In disorders associated with replacement of hemopoietic marrow
by other tissues or cells(e.g., malignancies in the bone marrow)
Marrow aspiration may be difficult or impossible, the so-called dry
tap
In such cases, a needle or trephine biopsy is essential
10
11. Bone marrow from the superior
part of the posterior iliac spine
(back of the hipbone) 11
12.
13. Infants and children: the sternum is naturally thin and an
alternative site is preferred
Under 12 years – iliac crest
Under 2 years – the presence of active marrow in the long
bones makes the proximal anterior portion of the tibia a
possible site
In disorders associated with replacement of hemopoietic
marrow by other tissues or cells (e.g., malignancies in the bone
marrow)
Marrow aspiration may be difficult or impossible, the so-
called dry tap
In such cases, a needle or trephine biopsy is essential
13
14. A minimum amount of marrow should be aspirated
Volumes over 0.5ml will almost certainly be diluted with
blood making processing and interpretation more difficult
Careful preparation is essential
It is desirable, if possible, to concentrate the marrow cells at
the expense of the blood in which they are diluted
14
15. Preparations prior to the procedure
The procedure should be explained in detail to the patient.
The past clinical history of the patient should be obtained
Informed consent should be obtained from the patient.
A blood count and smear should be obtained
Adequate sedation and analgesia determined
Assessment of thrombocytopenia or coagulopathic risks
Consider site for BM examination carefully
15
16. Procedure for Bone marrow aspiration
Patient preparations should be ensured.
A needle is inserted in to the iliac crest or spine
The needle and stylet are pushed into the bone with a slight
rotary motion.
When it is felt that the needle is firmly in place, the stylet is
removed and a syringe with out anticoagulant is attached and
<0.5ml of bone marrow and blood aspirated.
Bone marrow smears should be prepared immediately
following aspiration.
16
17. Procedure for Bone marrow aspiration…
A second syringe should be attached to the aspiration needle to
draw additional samples for supplementary tests, such as
Flow cytometry,
Cytogenetic analysis and Molecular genetic studies,
microbiology, Electron microscopy or BM culture.
In the event of a ‘dry tap’, or if no particles (‘fragments’) have
been obtained, the BM aspirate can be repeated at a slightly
different angle or at another site.
17
18. Nursing Interventions
1.Nursing responsibilities include preparing and educating the patient, assessing
him for complications, supporting him during the procedure, and assisting the
practitioner.
2.After aspiration, apply direct pressure over the puncture site for 5-10 minutes
until bleeding stops
3.Help the patient to a comfortable position
4.Clean the puncture site and apply a sterile dressing.
5.Monitor the patient’s vital signs and the puncture site for signs and symptoms
of infection.
The sternum
The best site when aspiration only is needed
The easiest to puncture
Considered to yield the most cellular samples
A disadvantage is that the patient has a clear view of the procedure which may cause distress
Anterior or posterior iliac spines
Have the advantage that if no material is aspirated, a micro trephine biopsy can be performed immediately