Haemostasis + Steps of blood clotting (coagulation)Mohammed Alawad
(slide 9. includes an amazing GIF that shows the process)
__ Get in presentation format: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XVfSmRoB40angMGIw7DJC-FUxp6MUPw7/view?usp=sharing
A very simple presentation on Haemostasis and its mechanism + Steps of blood clotting
Haemostasis + Steps of blood clotting (coagulation)Mohammed Alawad
(slide 9. includes an amazing GIF that shows the process)
__ Get in presentation format: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XVfSmRoB40angMGIw7DJC-FUxp6MUPw7/view?usp=sharing
A very simple presentation on Haemostasis and its mechanism + Steps of blood clotting
A detailed description of various stages in blood coagulation, clotting factors involved, the role of calcium, vitamin K, thrombin, phospholipids in blood coagulation, various tests for blood clotting, the significance of bleeding disorders in the treatment of periodontal disease and management.
Hemostasis and coagulation of blood For M.Sc & Basic Medical Students by Pand...Pandian M
Blood coagulation
Mechanism of coagulation
STAGES OF HEMOSTASIS
Coagulation of blood
Factors involved in blood clotting
Enzyme cascade theory
Mechanisms for formation of prothrombin activator
Fibrinolysis
Anticlotting mechanism in the body
Applied physiology
Hemostasis definition, types and steps.
Hemostasis and coagulation physiology and pathology in steps and illustrated in simple way by diagrams.
Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are mentioned in details.
Platelet function as a corner stone hemostasis in case of endothelial injury or another pathology taht affect endothelium or blood vessels.
Some pharmacological notes about drugs related to hemostasis and its clinical significance.
Here's important & condensed ppt slides about hemostasis and its orchestrated steps and cogulation cascade, roles of endothelium,platelets and Coagulation protiens....!
This is the powerpoint for the students, faculties as well as any person who study medical and any life sciences subjects , the hemostasis portion is very comprehensively covered by diagrams and descriptions from standard books. Go through this, all the best.
Hemostasis is the maintenance of blood flow is fluid state within the vascular system, the major components of hemostasis are vascular system, platelets, coagulation factors, inhibitors of coagulation and fibrinolytic system. details are given
Introduction-to-Blood-Coagulation2
Blood coagulation, also known as clotting, is a crucial process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. Let me break it down for you:
Primary Hemostasis:
The initial stage involves blood vessel constriction (vasoconstriction) and platelet aggregation at the site of vessel injury. Platelets are small blood cells that play a key role in clot formation.
When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets adhere to the exposed collagen fibers in the vessel wall, forming a temporary plug.
Secondary Hemostasis (Coagulation):
This stage is where the actual clotting process occurs.
Coagulation factors, which are proteins in the blood, interact to form a stable clot. There are 13 principal coagulation factors (designated with Roman numerals I to XIII).
Coagulation can be initiated through two separate pathways:
Extrinsic Pathway:
Activated in response to a protein called tissue factor, which is expressed by cells external to blood vessels.
Tissue factor activates factor VII, leading to a cascade of reactions that ultimately produce factor X.
Intrinsic Pathway:
Activated by injury within a blood vessel.
Begins with the activation of factor XII (Hageman factor) when blood circulates over injured internal vessel surfaces.
Components of the intrinsic pathway can also be activated by the extrinsic pathway.
Both pathways converge to produce factor X, which marks the beginning of the common pathway of coagulation.
Factor X then leads to the formation of a fibrin clot, which stabilizes the platelet plug.
Fibrin is a protein that forms a mesh-like structure, trapping blood cells and reinforcing the clot12.
#deepaayu #samglobaluniversity #SAMGlobalUniversity #Blood
A detailed description of various stages in blood coagulation, clotting factors involved, the role of calcium, vitamin K, thrombin, phospholipids in blood coagulation, various tests for blood clotting, the significance of bleeding disorders in the treatment of periodontal disease and management.
Hemostasis and coagulation of blood For M.Sc & Basic Medical Students by Pand...Pandian M
Blood coagulation
Mechanism of coagulation
STAGES OF HEMOSTASIS
Coagulation of blood
Factors involved in blood clotting
Enzyme cascade theory
Mechanisms for formation of prothrombin activator
Fibrinolysis
Anticlotting mechanism in the body
Applied physiology
Hemostasis definition, types and steps.
Hemostasis and coagulation physiology and pathology in steps and illustrated in simple way by diagrams.
Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are mentioned in details.
Platelet function as a corner stone hemostasis in case of endothelial injury or another pathology taht affect endothelium or blood vessels.
Some pharmacological notes about drugs related to hemostasis and its clinical significance.
Here's important & condensed ppt slides about hemostasis and its orchestrated steps and cogulation cascade, roles of endothelium,platelets and Coagulation protiens....!
This is the powerpoint for the students, faculties as well as any person who study medical and any life sciences subjects , the hemostasis portion is very comprehensively covered by diagrams and descriptions from standard books. Go through this, all the best.
Hemostasis is the maintenance of blood flow is fluid state within the vascular system, the major components of hemostasis are vascular system, platelets, coagulation factors, inhibitors of coagulation and fibrinolytic system. details are given
Introduction-to-Blood-Coagulation2
Blood coagulation, also known as clotting, is a crucial process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. Let me break it down for you:
Primary Hemostasis:
The initial stage involves blood vessel constriction (vasoconstriction) and platelet aggregation at the site of vessel injury. Platelets are small blood cells that play a key role in clot formation.
When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets adhere to the exposed collagen fibers in the vessel wall, forming a temporary plug.
Secondary Hemostasis (Coagulation):
This stage is where the actual clotting process occurs.
Coagulation factors, which are proteins in the blood, interact to form a stable clot. There are 13 principal coagulation factors (designated with Roman numerals I to XIII).
Coagulation can be initiated through two separate pathways:
Extrinsic Pathway:
Activated in response to a protein called tissue factor, which is expressed by cells external to blood vessels.
Tissue factor activates factor VII, leading to a cascade of reactions that ultimately produce factor X.
Intrinsic Pathway:
Activated by injury within a blood vessel.
Begins with the activation of factor XII (Hageman factor) when blood circulates over injured internal vessel surfaces.
Components of the intrinsic pathway can also be activated by the extrinsic pathway.
Both pathways converge to produce factor X, which marks the beginning of the common pathway of coagulation.
Factor X then leads to the formation of a fibrin clot, which stabilizes the platelet plug.
Fibrin is a protein that forms a mesh-like structure, trapping blood cells and reinforcing the clot12.
#deepaayu #samglobaluniversity #SAMGlobalUniversity #Blood
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Coagulant & AntiCoagulant Haemostasis (arrest of blood loss) and blood coagulation involve complex interaction between the injury vessel wall, platelets and coagulation factors
Hello Docs ! My name is Maharshika It's my small presentation on hemorrhagic syndromes, hemostasis and It's Disorder i hope you guys likes it. Please like it and share it and keep studying 🙂
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. DEFINITION
Process that causes blood to clot.
Helps prevent excessive blood loss when a vein or artery is pierced or
broken.
A natural way of preventing its body supply from being lost through a
cut, puncture, or other trauma to blood vessels.
Involves a series of proteins, protein cofactors, and enzymes that
interact on membrane surface.
Normally activated by damaged tissue.
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3. FUNCTION
Complex process that involves 20-30 components (blood coagulation
factors).
A series of complex chemical reactions.
Platelets are fragments of cells containing clotting factors.
Prothrombin is converted into thrombin with the help of clotting
factors.
Thrombin converts fibrinogen (a plasma protein) into fibrin, a long
sticky thread.
Mesh like net of fibrin traps RBCs as they try to leak out of blood
vessel.
Platelets also release messengers into blood to perform additional
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5. ROLE IN HUMAN HEALTH
Formation of self sealing clot in humans is crucial.
Deficiency in any of the protein coagulation factors can result in
hemorrhages following injury.
In hemophilia, the deficiency is due to inherited defect.
Deficiency can be due to an acquired condition, such as Vitamin K
deficiency.
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6. COMMON DISEASES AND
DISORDERS
Hemophilia: Both “A” and “B” are caused by an inherited sex-linked
recessive trait.
The defective gene is located on the “X” chromosome.
Only males are affected with the disorder; females can carry the
abnormal gene & pass it on to their children.
80% type A; deficiency of clotting factor VIII. Symptoms: include
bruising, spontaneous bleeding, bleeding into joints, GI & UT
bleeding, prolonged bleeding even from the most minor cuts.
Standard treatment: Infusion of blood plasma with concentration of
clotting factor VIII.
Hemophilia “A” occurs in about one out of 10,000 males.
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7. COMMON DISEASES AND
DISORDERS
Hemophilia “B” (also called Christmas disease); deficiency of clotting
factor IX.
Symptoms are generally the same as for type “A”.
Treatment: Infusion of blood plasma with clotting factor IX.
Condition occurs in one out of about 70,000 males.
Thrombosis is most common coagulation disorder; can lead to heart
attack and stroke.
Thrombocytopenia: Abnormally low number of platelets in the
bloodstream.
Normal range is 150,000 – 450,000 per micro liter of blood.
When drops below 150,000, the patient is said to be
thrombocytopenic.
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8. TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT
Anticoagulant drugs, such as sodium warfarin and heparin are given
to prevent clots in patients at high risk.
They reduce the blood’s ability to clump together.
This type of medicines will not dissolve clots that have already
formed. They may prevent an existing clot from worsening though.
They can increase the risk of severe bleeding & heavy blood loss.
Medications called “fibrinolytic agents” are sometimes used to
dissolve clots; they include streptokinase, urokinase and tissue
plasminogen activator.
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9. BLOOD CLOT CAUSES
Body reacts to an injury or cut by clotting your blood. These types of
clots are not a problem.
Sometimes a blood clot will form without a trigger (such as an injury
or cut). Risk factors:
Prolonged sitting | Prolonged bed rest (surgery or illness) | Pregnancy
| Smoking | Obesity | Birth control pills/hormone replacement
therapy/breast cancer medicines | Certain cancer types (pancreatic,
lung, multiple myeloma, or blood-related cancers) | Trauma (serious
injury) | Some types of major surgery (i.e. Cardiac) | Age (especially
over the age of 60) | A family history of blood clots | Autoimmune
disorders | Diseases related to chronic inflammation | Certain
infections (HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, or Lyme disease).
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