An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measures a person's blood glucose levels both fasting and over several hours after drinking a sugary drink to test for prediabetes, diabetes, and other disorders. It involves fasting overnight, drinking the glucose solution, and having blood drawn at set intervals over 2-3 hours to check glucose and sometimes insulin levels against standards. Abnormal results could indicate conditions like diabetes, gestational diabetes, or thyroid/adrenal issues. Proper preparation and remaining still during the test is important for accurate results.