Blood cells counters types - linearity for Lab. Students

1. Blood Cells counters- types - linearity
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Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare
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contentDeveloped by-Dr.Abdulrazzaq Othman Alagbare
M.D M.S.c C.P - Lecturer of Hematology and Immunohematology

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Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare
Blood Cell counters
Definition?
They are instruments
designed to measure
different Physical and
chemicals characteristics
of blood cells quickly,
with minimal human
assistance.

3. On which Principle depended on
?
 using both electrical and
optical techniques
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Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare
Blood Cell counters

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Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare
Blood Cell counters
What they needs?
 carefully calibrated
 and quality control procedures

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Instruments types
1-Fully automated instruments
Fully automated instruments require only that
an appropriate blood sample is presented to
the instrument.
Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare

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Instruments types
2-Semi-automated instruments
Require some steps, as dilution of blood
samples
Often measure only a small number of
variables
measure a small number of components
(e.g.WBC and Hb).
Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare

7. Designated categories of Automated instruments
Differentia Part Cells measure
 3 parts
instrument
 Granulocytes , Lymphocytes ,Monocytes (mononuclear
cells) or mid-cell fraction
 5 parts
instrument
 Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes and
Monocytes
 6 parts
instrument
 give the 5 known cells plus atypical lymphocytes and
Various other abnormal cell
 7parts
instrument
 Large immature cells (composed of blasts and
immature granulocytes)
 Atypical lymphocytes (including blast cells).
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Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare

8. Atypical lymphocytes
Result from Seventh categories instrument
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Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare

9. Practical advantages of the automated analyzers
Cell counting with these instruments is
• Speed with efficient handling of a large number of samples.
• Accuracy and precision in quantitative blood tests.
• Ability to perform multiple tests on a single platform.
• Well organized
• Cost effective
• Significant reduction of labor requirements
• Accurate determination of red cell indices.
• Counted over 8000 cells for DLC
• The absolute count reliable and reproducible
• Produce cell counts which are falsely increased or decreased
• Can process 120-150 sample per hr.
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Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare

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Practical Disadvantages of the automated analyzers
Disadvantages Misclassified
Platelet clumps leukocytes or erythrocytes
Nucleated red blood cells
NRBC are larger than Normal RBC
leukocytes or, specifically, lymphocytes.
Presence of cold agglutinins or
cryoglobulins
a falsely high WBC
The range of error for a normal WBC is about 20% by manual count and about
1% by automation
Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare

11. Definition
 Flags are essentially messages
indicate that certain abnormalities
may be present, detected by the
analyzer.
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Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare
 Flags are displayed to reduce false-
positive and false-negative results
Flagging review Results

12. Flags results needs one of the following
according what indicate the flagging
1. Blood smear examination
2. Recounting cells
3. New specimen
4. Rerun of new specimen
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Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare
What must do when flagged?
 a review of blood smear
examination

13. Manufacturer’s Linear RangeParameter
1.0 – 99.9• WBC (K/μL)
1.0 – 7.00• RBC (M/μL)
2.5 – 24.0• HGB (g/dL)
50 – 200• MCV (fL)
10 – 999• PLT (K/μL)
5.0 – 20.0• MPV (fL)
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Any result outside linearity limits established by manufacturer (dilute into linearity range)
What is linearity?
The maxim ability of the blood cell analyzer for cell counting or volume measuring called linearity
Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare

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‫هلل‬ ‫الحمد‬
‫رب‬
‫العالمين‬
Diagnostic Hematology - Dr.Alagbare
‫العمل‬ ‫بهذا‬
‫ابتغاء‬ ‫ارجو‬
‫هللا‬ ‫مرضات‬