This project report summarizes a study of avian biodiversity in Bhilai Nagar, Durg, India. 22 different bird species were observed between October 2019 and February 2020 including the magpie, peacock, koel, baya bird, cock, pigeon, hen, roller, parrot, crow, duck, house sparrow, laughing dove, myna, cattle egret, hoopoe, great egret, green bee-eater, eagle owl, black drango, purple sunbird, and ostrich. Each bird species is described along with information on appearance, habitat, diet, nesting and other characteristics. The objective was to document avian diversity in the area through field observations and identification
1) Rohu, or Labeo rohita, is a species of ray-finned fish found widely in South Asia that is important to aquaculture.
2) It is in the order Cypriniformes and family Cyprinidae.
3) In its early life stages it eats zooplankton and phytoplankton, but as a juvenile and adult it is primarily herbivorous and eats algae and aquatic plants.
This document discusses the adaptations of several aquatic animals including dolphins, sea turtles, orca whales, and sea lions. Dolphins have streamlined bodies, flippers, thick blubber, and use echolocation to hunt. Sea turtles have a shell for protection, strong flippers for swimming, and can stay submerged for long periods. Orca whales are highly social, hunt in pods, and have a varied diet including fish, seals, and even other whales. Sea lions have flippers they use to walk and swim, thick blubber, and inhabit cooler northern waters where they feed on fish and squid. All of these animals have developed characteristics that allow them to thrive in their aquatic environments
- Birds evolved from reptiles and Archaeopteryx possessed both reptilian and avian features. Key avian traits include feathers, hollow lightweight bones, beaks, endothermy, and amniotic eggs.
- Birds have highly specialized organ systems for flight including strong heart and respiratory systems. Their feathers provide insulation and flight abilities.
- There are many orders of birds with varied traits like waterfowl that are aquatic, owls with keen vision and hearing, and songbirds that communicate through song.
ORIGIN OF CHORDATES
Animal kingdom is basically divided into two sub kingdoms:
Non-chordata- including animals without notochord.
Chordata- This comprising animals having notochord or chorda dorsalis.
Chordates were evolved sometime 500 million years ago during Cambrian period (invertebrates were also began to evolve in this period) .
Chamberlain (1900) pointed out that all modern chordates possess glomerular kidneys that are designed to remove excess water from body.
It is believed that Chordates have originated from invertebrates.
It is difficult to determine from which invertebrate group the chordates were developed.
Chordate ancestors were soft bodied animals. Hence they were not preserved as Fossils.
However, early fossils of chordates have all been recovered from marine sediments and even modern protochordates are all marine forms.
Also glomerular kidneys are also found in some marine forms such as myxinoids and sharks. That makes the marine origin of chordates more believable.
Chordates evolved from some deuterostome ancestor (echinoderms, hemichordates, pogonophorans etc.) as they have similarities in embryonic development, type of coelom and larval stages.
Many theories infers origin of chordates, hemichordates and echinoderms from a common ancestor.
1) Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates that can live both on land and in water. They have four limbs and lungs as adults.
2) Amphibians are classified into three subclasses: Labyrinthodontia, Lepospondyli, and Lissamphibia.
3) The three orders of modern amphibians (Lissamphibia) are Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), and Apoda (limbless amphibians).
Mechanics and Classification of birds migration along with the needs to migrate. it is helpful to learn the mechanics involved in migration specifically elaborating the roles of environmental factors to force the birds to migrate.
The document summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It discusses key concepts such as overproduction of offspring, the struggle for existence, variations and heredity, survival of the fittest, and the origin of species. It notes criticisms of Darwin's original theory, such as its inability to explain the origin of variations and intermediate forms. The document then outlines processes that can lead to variations, such as mutation and genetic drift. It also discusses inheritance of variations, natural selection maintaining constancy or promoting new species, and speciation occurring due to isolation.
This document discusses the Bengal tiger. It provides information on the tiger's classification, distribution, habitat, ecology, behavior, hunting habits, reproduction, current status, threats and conservation efforts. The Bengal tiger is found primarily in India and surrounding countries. It faces threats from habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, poaching and population growth. Conservation programs aim to protect tiger habitats and populations to try to reverse their declining numbers.
1) Rohu, or Labeo rohita, is a species of ray-finned fish found widely in South Asia that is important to aquaculture.
2) It is in the order Cypriniformes and family Cyprinidae.
3) In its early life stages it eats zooplankton and phytoplankton, but as a juvenile and adult it is primarily herbivorous and eats algae and aquatic plants.
This document discusses the adaptations of several aquatic animals including dolphins, sea turtles, orca whales, and sea lions. Dolphins have streamlined bodies, flippers, thick blubber, and use echolocation to hunt. Sea turtles have a shell for protection, strong flippers for swimming, and can stay submerged for long periods. Orca whales are highly social, hunt in pods, and have a varied diet including fish, seals, and even other whales. Sea lions have flippers they use to walk and swim, thick blubber, and inhabit cooler northern waters where they feed on fish and squid. All of these animals have developed characteristics that allow them to thrive in their aquatic environments
- Birds evolved from reptiles and Archaeopteryx possessed both reptilian and avian features. Key avian traits include feathers, hollow lightweight bones, beaks, endothermy, and amniotic eggs.
- Birds have highly specialized organ systems for flight including strong heart and respiratory systems. Their feathers provide insulation and flight abilities.
- There are many orders of birds with varied traits like waterfowl that are aquatic, owls with keen vision and hearing, and songbirds that communicate through song.
ORIGIN OF CHORDATES
Animal kingdom is basically divided into two sub kingdoms:
Non-chordata- including animals without notochord.
Chordata- This comprising animals having notochord or chorda dorsalis.
Chordates were evolved sometime 500 million years ago during Cambrian period (invertebrates were also began to evolve in this period) .
Chamberlain (1900) pointed out that all modern chordates possess glomerular kidneys that are designed to remove excess water from body.
It is believed that Chordates have originated from invertebrates.
It is difficult to determine from which invertebrate group the chordates were developed.
Chordate ancestors were soft bodied animals. Hence they were not preserved as Fossils.
However, early fossils of chordates have all been recovered from marine sediments and even modern protochordates are all marine forms.
Also glomerular kidneys are also found in some marine forms such as myxinoids and sharks. That makes the marine origin of chordates more believable.
Chordates evolved from some deuterostome ancestor (echinoderms, hemichordates, pogonophorans etc.) as they have similarities in embryonic development, type of coelom and larval stages.
Many theories infers origin of chordates, hemichordates and echinoderms from a common ancestor.
1) Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates that can live both on land and in water. They have four limbs and lungs as adults.
2) Amphibians are classified into three subclasses: Labyrinthodontia, Lepospondyli, and Lissamphibia.
3) The three orders of modern amphibians (Lissamphibia) are Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), and Apoda (limbless amphibians).
Mechanics and Classification of birds migration along with the needs to migrate. it is helpful to learn the mechanics involved in migration specifically elaborating the roles of environmental factors to force the birds to migrate.
The document summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It discusses key concepts such as overproduction of offspring, the struggle for existence, variations and heredity, survival of the fittest, and the origin of species. It notes criticisms of Darwin's original theory, such as its inability to explain the origin of variations and intermediate forms. The document then outlines processes that can lead to variations, such as mutation and genetic drift. It also discusses inheritance of variations, natural selection maintaining constancy or promoting new species, and speciation occurring due to isolation.
This document discusses the Bengal tiger. It provides information on the tiger's classification, distribution, habitat, ecology, behavior, hunting habits, reproduction, current status, threats and conservation efforts. The Bengal tiger is found primarily in India and surrounding countries. It faces threats from habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, poaching and population growth. Conservation programs aim to protect tiger habitats and populations to try to reverse their declining numbers.
Termites live in complex colonies found in regions around the world. They communicate chemically through pheromones and live in castes that work cooperatively. The colonies contain a king and queen that lay eggs, supplementary royalty, wingless workers that build and maintain the nest, soldiers that defend the colony, and proboscideans that have elongated heads. Termites digest wood and plant material with the help of symbiotic protozoa.
Birds are glorified reptiles, Archaeopteryx, compare Archaeopteryx and moder...SoniaBajaj10
1. Birds evolved from reptiles and are considered "glorified reptiles" as they have evolved to have higher metabolic rates making them warm-blooded, the ability to fly through wing development, and other advanced features compared to reptiles.
2. The fossil Archaeopteryx from the Jurassic period shows traits of both birds and their reptilian ancestors, providing evidence that birds evolved from reptiles.
3. Comparative anatomy and other evidence indicates birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs, sharing many skeletal features, though some argue an earlier reptile group was the ancestor. Modern bird orders emerged in the Tertiary period around 60 million years ago.
Economic zoology deals with applying zoological knowledge to benefit humanity, such as cultivating animals for food and controlling pests. It covers topics like beneficial and harmful insects, crop pests, apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, aquaculture, venomous animals, and livestock/vector-borne diseases. Insects provide an estimated $57 billion in ecological services annually to justify greater conservation investments. Beneficial insects include pollinators that transfer crop pollen, valued at $3 billion in the US alone, and predators that control pests. Parasitic wasps, flies, and other insects also help limit pest populations. Productive insects include silkworms, honey bees, and lac
The Indian cobra is a highly venomous snake found throughout South Asia. It has a wide black band on its neck and can raise its neck to form a hood as a threat display. It preys on rodents, frogs and other small animals. The cobra's venom is neurotoxic and can paralyze or kill with its bite. It reproduces by laying 12-20 eggs and the female guards them until hatching. The cobra plays an important role in balancing ecosystems but its venom also makes it dangerous to humans, and habitat loss now threatens the species.
This document discusses various forms of parental care exhibited by amphibians to increase offspring survival. It outlines nine types of parental care observed in amphibians: 1) selection of safe egg-laying sites, 2) frothing of water around eggs, 3) defending egg territories, 4) building nests from mud, leaves, or plant shoots, 5) direct development from egg to juvenile, 6) carrying eggs attached to the body, 7) carrying larvae between water bodies, 8) brooding eggs in vocal sacs or pouches on the back, and 9) retaining eggs internally in a uterus for viviparous development.
The document describes the key fins found in fish, including their locations and functions. It discusses the pectoral fins, dorsal fins, pelvic fins, and caudal fins. The caudal fin is described as the most important for forward propulsion during swimming. Different types of caudal fins are also outlined, including protocercal, heterocercal, and homocercal fins.
Snakes can be identified as poisonous or non-poisonous based on several physical features:
1. Poisonous snakes have 1-2 puncture wounds from fangs, continuous blood flow, and round/cylindrical tails. Non-poisonous snakes have many puncture wounds that stop bleeding.
2. Poisonous snakes have broad ventral scales extending across the belly, while non-poisonous snakes have narrow ventral scales.
3. Poisonous snakes like cobras and kraits have small scales on the head and features like loreal pits between the eyes and nose.
Introduction:
Adaptation to environment is one of the basic characteristics of the living organisms. Living organisms are plastic and posses the inherent properties to respond to a particular environment.
It is a facet of evolution and involve structural diversities amongst living organisms that are heritable. Organisms exhibit numerous structural and functional adaptations that help them to survive as species and to overcome the tremendous competition in nature.
All classes of vertebrates have their representatives leading to partial or total aquatic life.
Water is a homogenous medium for animals.
As a medium, it is heavy in concentration than air.
Stable gaseous and osmotic concentration in a specific region.
Temperature fluctuation is minimum for a particular region.
Water bodies generally have very rich food resources.
Characters of an Aquatic Animal:
An aquatic animal should have the ability to swim to overcome the resistance of the surrounding medium.
Therefore, it should have a streamlined body with an organ or ability to float.
The animal should also have to overcome the problem of osmoregulation.
There are two types of animals living in the present day water, which have undergone aquatic adaptation.
According to their origin, they are primary and secondary aquatic animals.
Adaptations to water habitat are of two types:
Primary aquatic adaptations which includes primitive gill-breathing vertebrates (fishes); Those animals, whose ancestors and themselves are living in the water from the very beginning of their evolution, are called primary aquatic animals. In other words, primary aquatic animals never had a terrestrial ancestry. They exhibit perfect aquatic adaptations. All fishes are primary aquatic animals.
Secondary aquatic adaptations which are acquired as in reptiles, birds and mammals. Those animals whose ancestors were lung breathing land animals, migrated to the water for some reason and ultimately got adapted to live in aquatic habitat, are called secondary aquatic animals. Some of them live partially while others live totally in the water. All aquatic reptiles, aves and mammals are representatives of secondary aquatic animals. Amphibians are in a transitional form between primary and secondary aquatic life.
Sensory adaptations like, electroreception for electrolocation and electro communication, olfaction (vomeronasal system), balance (spatial orientation, movement perception), vision (cornea curvature, retinal topography), and hearing (acoustics, ear anatomy) under the underwater sound reception mechanisms in various aquatic amniotes are well developed.
crocodiles are the only reptiles having 4 chambered heart,flattened tail and body covered with scutes.hind limb is webbed and in this ppt you can discover all the facts about crocodile..hope you can enjoy
This document provides information about toads, including their distinguishing characteristics, classification, life cycle, and importance. It notes that toads have bumpy, dry skin without teeth or bulging eyes, while frogs have moist, smooth skin with teeth and protruding eyes. Toads lay eggs in long chains while frogs lay eggs in clusters. The document describes toad classification within the animal kingdom and provides details about a toad's internal and external morphology. It then outlines the stages of a toad's life cycle from mating and egg-laying to tadpoles and toadlets. The document concludes by discussing why toads are important as predators, for pest control, medicine, education, and research.
The presentation discusses the biology of the rohu fish (Labeo rohita). Key points:
- Rohu is a commercially important species in Bangladesh and other parts of Asia.
- It is an omnivorous, column feeding fish found in rivers, ponds, and floodplains.
- The fish reaches sexual maturity at 3 years and breeds during the monsoon season, laying hundreds of thousands of eggs.
- Rohu plays an important role ecologically and is also a highly valued food fish, though its populations have declined from overfishing in rivers. It remains widely cultured in aquaculture.
Bird nest type and nesting behaviour in birdsNavdeep Singh
Birds build nests for various purposes like laying eggs, incubating eggs, and raising chicks. Different bird species build different types of nests depending on materials available and location. Nests can be simple structures made of twigs or complex woven structures made of grass or reeds. They are built in trees, bushes, on the ground, cliffs, and even buildings. The nest provides protection for eggs and chicks from predators and weather.
Reptiles are a group (Reptilia) of tetrapod animals comprising today's turtles, ... The reptiles were, from the outset of classification, grouped with the amphibians. ... between lizards, birds, and their relatives on the one hand (Sauropsida)
Parental care involves investment from parents to increase offspring survival and fitness. In mammals, most care is maternal, involving lactation. Only 6% of mammals show biparental care where monogamous males and females provide care. Paternal care can involve protecting young from predators and helping with growth. For artiodactyls like deer and antelopes, females are the sole caregivers through lactation. They use hiding or following strategies to protect vulnerable young until independent.
This document summarizes the structural and functional adaptations of birds for aerial life. It discusses both morphological and anatomical adaptations. Morphological adaptations include a compact body, feathers, winged forelimbs, a short tail, beak, mobile neck/head, and bipedal locomotion. Anatomical adaptations include large flight muscles, respiratory and circulatory systems adapted for flight, high metabolism and endothermy, specialized senses, and reproductive and excretory systems that reduce body weight. Overall, birds have evolved numerous internal and external modifications that enable sustained flight.
This document summarizes several aquarium fish species, including their classification, key characteristics, and sexual dimorphism. It describes the guppy fish, molly fish, gold fish, angel fish, blue morph convict cichlid, rosy barb, and Indian hill trout. Each fish has distinguishing male and female physical traits and breeding behaviors.
Chordata is the last phylum of kingdom Animalia.
Which is further subdivided into subphylums, divisions and classes.
The Slides shows the classification of the phylum along with the basis on which it is classified.
(includes examples along with pictures for easy understanding and memorizing)
Birds fly for four main reasons: feeding young, breeding, avoiding predators, and migration. The mechanism of flight in birds is based on Bernoulli's principle of fluid dynamics and the aerodynamic properties of wings. When air flows over and under the wing, the convex upper surface and concave lower surface cause lower pressure and higher velocity over the wing, generating lift. A bird can fly when the lift force is greater than or equal to its weight and the thrust force is greater than the drag force. Morphological adaptations like feathers, wings, lightweight skeletons, and strong flight muscles enable avian flight.
This document provides information about the class Aves (birds). It discusses the key characteristics of birds like feathers, warm-bloodedness, and modified forelimbs as wings. It outlines the two subclasses of birds - Archaeornithes and Neornithes. It also describes several orders of birds like Anseriformes (waterfowl), Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds), Charadriiformes (shorebirds), Columbiformes (doves and pigeons), Falconiformes (birds of prey), Galliformes (chicken-like birds), Passeriformes (perching birds), Piciformes (woodpeckers and toucans), Procellariifor
Classification of Coleoptera – suborders.pptxMugunthan25
The document discusses the classification of Coleoptera (beetles), which is divided into 4 suborders. It focuses on the suborder Adephaga, which contains predatory families like Carabidae (ground beetles), Cicindellidae (tiger beetles), Dytiscidae (diving beetles), and Gyrinidae (whirligig beetles). It provides details on the morphology, behavior, habitat and notable features of beetle families within the Adephaga suborder.
Termites live in complex colonies found in regions around the world. They communicate chemically through pheromones and live in castes that work cooperatively. The colonies contain a king and queen that lay eggs, supplementary royalty, wingless workers that build and maintain the nest, soldiers that defend the colony, and proboscideans that have elongated heads. Termites digest wood and plant material with the help of symbiotic protozoa.
Birds are glorified reptiles, Archaeopteryx, compare Archaeopteryx and moder...SoniaBajaj10
1. Birds evolved from reptiles and are considered "glorified reptiles" as they have evolved to have higher metabolic rates making them warm-blooded, the ability to fly through wing development, and other advanced features compared to reptiles.
2. The fossil Archaeopteryx from the Jurassic period shows traits of both birds and their reptilian ancestors, providing evidence that birds evolved from reptiles.
3. Comparative anatomy and other evidence indicates birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs, sharing many skeletal features, though some argue an earlier reptile group was the ancestor. Modern bird orders emerged in the Tertiary period around 60 million years ago.
Economic zoology deals with applying zoological knowledge to benefit humanity, such as cultivating animals for food and controlling pests. It covers topics like beneficial and harmful insects, crop pests, apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, aquaculture, venomous animals, and livestock/vector-borne diseases. Insects provide an estimated $57 billion in ecological services annually to justify greater conservation investments. Beneficial insects include pollinators that transfer crop pollen, valued at $3 billion in the US alone, and predators that control pests. Parasitic wasps, flies, and other insects also help limit pest populations. Productive insects include silkworms, honey bees, and lac
The Indian cobra is a highly venomous snake found throughout South Asia. It has a wide black band on its neck and can raise its neck to form a hood as a threat display. It preys on rodents, frogs and other small animals. The cobra's venom is neurotoxic and can paralyze or kill with its bite. It reproduces by laying 12-20 eggs and the female guards them until hatching. The cobra plays an important role in balancing ecosystems but its venom also makes it dangerous to humans, and habitat loss now threatens the species.
This document discusses various forms of parental care exhibited by amphibians to increase offspring survival. It outlines nine types of parental care observed in amphibians: 1) selection of safe egg-laying sites, 2) frothing of water around eggs, 3) defending egg territories, 4) building nests from mud, leaves, or plant shoots, 5) direct development from egg to juvenile, 6) carrying eggs attached to the body, 7) carrying larvae between water bodies, 8) brooding eggs in vocal sacs or pouches on the back, and 9) retaining eggs internally in a uterus for viviparous development.
The document describes the key fins found in fish, including their locations and functions. It discusses the pectoral fins, dorsal fins, pelvic fins, and caudal fins. The caudal fin is described as the most important for forward propulsion during swimming. Different types of caudal fins are also outlined, including protocercal, heterocercal, and homocercal fins.
Snakes can be identified as poisonous or non-poisonous based on several physical features:
1. Poisonous snakes have 1-2 puncture wounds from fangs, continuous blood flow, and round/cylindrical tails. Non-poisonous snakes have many puncture wounds that stop bleeding.
2. Poisonous snakes have broad ventral scales extending across the belly, while non-poisonous snakes have narrow ventral scales.
3. Poisonous snakes like cobras and kraits have small scales on the head and features like loreal pits between the eyes and nose.
Introduction:
Adaptation to environment is one of the basic characteristics of the living organisms. Living organisms are plastic and posses the inherent properties to respond to a particular environment.
It is a facet of evolution and involve structural diversities amongst living organisms that are heritable. Organisms exhibit numerous structural and functional adaptations that help them to survive as species and to overcome the tremendous competition in nature.
All classes of vertebrates have their representatives leading to partial or total aquatic life.
Water is a homogenous medium for animals.
As a medium, it is heavy in concentration than air.
Stable gaseous and osmotic concentration in a specific region.
Temperature fluctuation is minimum for a particular region.
Water bodies generally have very rich food resources.
Characters of an Aquatic Animal:
An aquatic animal should have the ability to swim to overcome the resistance of the surrounding medium.
Therefore, it should have a streamlined body with an organ or ability to float.
The animal should also have to overcome the problem of osmoregulation.
There are two types of animals living in the present day water, which have undergone aquatic adaptation.
According to their origin, they are primary and secondary aquatic animals.
Adaptations to water habitat are of two types:
Primary aquatic adaptations which includes primitive gill-breathing vertebrates (fishes); Those animals, whose ancestors and themselves are living in the water from the very beginning of their evolution, are called primary aquatic animals. In other words, primary aquatic animals never had a terrestrial ancestry. They exhibit perfect aquatic adaptations. All fishes are primary aquatic animals.
Secondary aquatic adaptations which are acquired as in reptiles, birds and mammals. Those animals whose ancestors were lung breathing land animals, migrated to the water for some reason and ultimately got adapted to live in aquatic habitat, are called secondary aquatic animals. Some of them live partially while others live totally in the water. All aquatic reptiles, aves and mammals are representatives of secondary aquatic animals. Amphibians are in a transitional form between primary and secondary aquatic life.
Sensory adaptations like, electroreception for electrolocation and electro communication, olfaction (vomeronasal system), balance (spatial orientation, movement perception), vision (cornea curvature, retinal topography), and hearing (acoustics, ear anatomy) under the underwater sound reception mechanisms in various aquatic amniotes are well developed.
crocodiles are the only reptiles having 4 chambered heart,flattened tail and body covered with scutes.hind limb is webbed and in this ppt you can discover all the facts about crocodile..hope you can enjoy
This document provides information about toads, including their distinguishing characteristics, classification, life cycle, and importance. It notes that toads have bumpy, dry skin without teeth or bulging eyes, while frogs have moist, smooth skin with teeth and protruding eyes. Toads lay eggs in long chains while frogs lay eggs in clusters. The document describes toad classification within the animal kingdom and provides details about a toad's internal and external morphology. It then outlines the stages of a toad's life cycle from mating and egg-laying to tadpoles and toadlets. The document concludes by discussing why toads are important as predators, for pest control, medicine, education, and research.
The presentation discusses the biology of the rohu fish (Labeo rohita). Key points:
- Rohu is a commercially important species in Bangladesh and other parts of Asia.
- It is an omnivorous, column feeding fish found in rivers, ponds, and floodplains.
- The fish reaches sexual maturity at 3 years and breeds during the monsoon season, laying hundreds of thousands of eggs.
- Rohu plays an important role ecologically and is also a highly valued food fish, though its populations have declined from overfishing in rivers. It remains widely cultured in aquaculture.
Bird nest type and nesting behaviour in birdsNavdeep Singh
Birds build nests for various purposes like laying eggs, incubating eggs, and raising chicks. Different bird species build different types of nests depending on materials available and location. Nests can be simple structures made of twigs or complex woven structures made of grass or reeds. They are built in trees, bushes, on the ground, cliffs, and even buildings. The nest provides protection for eggs and chicks from predators and weather.
Reptiles are a group (Reptilia) of tetrapod animals comprising today's turtles, ... The reptiles were, from the outset of classification, grouped with the amphibians. ... between lizards, birds, and their relatives on the one hand (Sauropsida)
Parental care involves investment from parents to increase offspring survival and fitness. In mammals, most care is maternal, involving lactation. Only 6% of mammals show biparental care where monogamous males and females provide care. Paternal care can involve protecting young from predators and helping with growth. For artiodactyls like deer and antelopes, females are the sole caregivers through lactation. They use hiding or following strategies to protect vulnerable young until independent.
This document summarizes the structural and functional adaptations of birds for aerial life. It discusses both morphological and anatomical adaptations. Morphological adaptations include a compact body, feathers, winged forelimbs, a short tail, beak, mobile neck/head, and bipedal locomotion. Anatomical adaptations include large flight muscles, respiratory and circulatory systems adapted for flight, high metabolism and endothermy, specialized senses, and reproductive and excretory systems that reduce body weight. Overall, birds have evolved numerous internal and external modifications that enable sustained flight.
This document summarizes several aquarium fish species, including their classification, key characteristics, and sexual dimorphism. It describes the guppy fish, molly fish, gold fish, angel fish, blue morph convict cichlid, rosy barb, and Indian hill trout. Each fish has distinguishing male and female physical traits and breeding behaviors.
Chordata is the last phylum of kingdom Animalia.
Which is further subdivided into subphylums, divisions and classes.
The Slides shows the classification of the phylum along with the basis on which it is classified.
(includes examples along with pictures for easy understanding and memorizing)
Birds fly for four main reasons: feeding young, breeding, avoiding predators, and migration. The mechanism of flight in birds is based on Bernoulli's principle of fluid dynamics and the aerodynamic properties of wings. When air flows over and under the wing, the convex upper surface and concave lower surface cause lower pressure and higher velocity over the wing, generating lift. A bird can fly when the lift force is greater than or equal to its weight and the thrust force is greater than the drag force. Morphological adaptations like feathers, wings, lightweight skeletons, and strong flight muscles enable avian flight.
This document provides information about the class Aves (birds). It discusses the key characteristics of birds like feathers, warm-bloodedness, and modified forelimbs as wings. It outlines the two subclasses of birds - Archaeornithes and Neornithes. It also describes several orders of birds like Anseriformes (waterfowl), Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds), Charadriiformes (shorebirds), Columbiformes (doves and pigeons), Falconiformes (birds of prey), Galliformes (chicken-like birds), Passeriformes (perching birds), Piciformes (woodpeckers and toucans), Procellariifor
Classification of Coleoptera – suborders.pptxMugunthan25
The document discusses the classification of Coleoptera (beetles), which is divided into 4 suborders. It focuses on the suborder Adephaga, which contains predatory families like Carabidae (ground beetles), Cicindellidae (tiger beetles), Dytiscidae (diving beetles), and Gyrinidae (whirligig beetles). It provides details on the morphology, behavior, habitat and notable features of beetle families within the Adephaga suborder.
it gives you brief about origin of poultry and how they diffused through out the world, when their domestication was started ,about their ancestors & their origin genetic classification of poultry .
The document provides information about different types of birds through a series of paragraphs. It discusses the characteristics and behaviors of peacocks, pigeons and doves, parrots, penguins, owls, kingfishers, woodpeckers, cranes, hummingbirds, and sparrows. For each group of birds, it describes traits like appearance, habitat, diet, nesting behaviors, and geographic distribution. The document takes an encyclopedic approach to covering multiple bird taxa in brief sections.
The sixth grade students of Les Acàcies School visited the Delta del Llobregat nature area to learn about its important wetlands and observe various bird species. The students used binoculars to get a closer look at birds like mallards, geese, Audouin's gulls, and ruffs. They also learned about the orchids that grow in the Delta del Llobregat area. The students found the tour very educational and enjoyed seeing the different birds and plants in their natural habitat.
The students from Escola Les Acàcies went on a nature trail to the Delta del Llobregat to observe various bird species and plants. They used binoculars and took many photos. They saw mallards, geese, Audouin's gulls, ruffs, and various orchid plants. The students found the tour very interesting and educational.
This document provides descriptions of various bird species. It discusses the characteristics of peacocks, sparrows, hummingbirds, pigeons, bluebirds, northern cardinals, American robins, American goldfinches, warblers, herons, woodpeckers, swallows, swifts, eagles, seagulls, cuckoos, parrots, canaries, lovebirds, finches and quails. Key details mentioned include scientific names, physical features, behaviors, habitats and ranges.
The sixth grade students of Les Acàcies School visited the Delta del Llobregat nature reserve to learn about its important wetlands and observe various bird species. The students were able to see different birds like mallards, geese, and Audouin's gulls using binoculars. They also learned about the Mediterranean orchids that can be found in the delta. The students found the tour very educational as they observed the local plants and birds and took many photographs.
The document provides information on several species of birds found in Egypt, including the European Honey Buzzard, Crested Honey Buzzard, Black-winged Kite, Black Kite, Red Kite, African Fish Eagle, White-tailed Eagle, and Bearded Vulture. For each species, it lists their scientific and common names in both English and Arabic, as well as details on taxonomy, description, distribution, habitat and habits.
Lepidoptera are an order of insects that includes moths and butterflies. They are characterized by scales covering their wings and bodies. Moths and butterflies undergo a complete life cycle from egg to caterpillar to pupa to adult. Larval lepidopterans are polypod caterpillars found in terrestrial habitats. Most larvae eat plants but some are carnivorous. Adults generally feed on nectar. There are about 150,000 described species classified into families like Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, and Saturniidae. Common moth families include Tineidae, Saturniidae, and Arctiidae.
Order strepsiptera, mecoptera and siphonapteraRanjeet Verma
This document provides information on the orders Strepsiptera, Mecoptera, and Siphonaptera. It begins with the etymology and general characteristics of each order. For Strepsiptera, it describes their parasitic lifestyle and features such as wing reduction in females. For Mecoptera, it outlines their long wings and resemblance to scorpion tails. It also defines Siphonaptera as wingless blood-feeding parasites. The document concludes by listing the main families within each order and their distinguishing characteristics.
This document discusses an overview of the poultry production module final exam for the Bachelor of Technology Livelihood Education program at Isabela State University. It begins with definitions of key terms in poultry production, descriptions of different poultry orders and species, and a brief history of the development of the chicken industry from backyard flocks in the 1800s to the modern integrated production system. The poultry industry in the Philippines is also summarized, noting that it is dominated by broiler chickens and native Philippine chickens, with layer chickens as the third most popular poultry farming type.
The document summarizes 28 orders of birds, providing details on their defining characteristics and some examples. It begins with large flightless birds like ostriches and continues through orders of waterbirds, birds of prey, songbirds, doves, night-hunting owls, hummingbirds, ground-feeding gallinaceous birds, shorebirds, parrots, woodpeckers, penguins, tubenosed seabirds, nightjars, emus and cassowaries, trogons, grebes, and diurnal birds of prey. Each order is concisely described in a few sentences along with one or two representative images.
This document summarizes the different bird orders and families found in Pakistan. It discusses loons, grebes, petrels, gannets, boobies, darters, pelicans, storks, flamingos, waterfowl, ospreys, pheasants, cranes, bustards, jacanas, plovers, lapwings, skuas, sandgrouse, pigeons, parrots, owls, rollers, hornbills, barbets, pittas and many families of passerine birds found in the country. In total, it provides information on over 50 orders and families of birds that live in or migrate to Pakistan.
The document provides information about different types of birds found around the world. It discusses the nightingale and its loud singing in urban areas to overcome noise. It also describes cuckoos as a family of birds that includes roadrunners, koels and coucals. Peacocks are described as large, colorful pheasants known for their iridescent tails over 60% of their body length. The chaffinch is one of the most common birds in Britain and Ireland with patterned plumage helping it blend in on the ground. Wood pigeons are the most numerous large wild bird in Britain with an estimated population of 2.5 million pairs. Sparrows are small passerine birds that often
The document discusses the evolution of birds from feathered dinosaurs like Archaeopteryx. The first fossil found of Archaeopteryx was a single feather in 1860, and a year later a near-complete skeleton was discovered. Archaeopteryx had features intermediate between reptiles and birds, suggesting birds evolved from small feathered dinosaurs. Seven Archaeopteryx skeletons have now been found and provide important clues about avian evolution. The rest of the document is a checklist of Alabama bird species with descriptions and images.
The document provides information and rules for the 2011 ornithology competition, including the bird taxonomy used, identification skills tested, and event parameters. It recommends resources for training like field guides, sample tests, and powerpoint presentations. It also outlines general content on bird anatomy, behaviors, ecology, conservation challenges, and preparation tips for students.
THE COLEOPTERA IS A BIGGST ORDER IN THE CLASS INSECTA AND ALSO IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM HERE IAM DESCRIBING THE IMPORTANT CHARACTER OF THE ORDER AND ECONMOIC IMPORTANT FAMILIES COMES UNDER COLEOPTERA
Similar to Birds project - collection and identification of birds (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Birds project - collection and identification of birds
1. A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
STUDY OF AVIAN BIODIVERSITY AT BHILAI NAGAR, DURG
(C.G.)
Accredited A+ Grade by NAAC
Submitted for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
ZOOLOGY
Submitted by
Sheetal Soni
M.Sc.4th Sem
Supervised by
Dr. Mrs.k.choubey
Head of Dept.of Zoology
SUBMITTED AT
DEPT. OF ZOOLOGY
Govt.V.Y.T.PG.Auto.college
durg(CG)
2. INDEX
CHAPTER - 1 - INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER - 2 - REVIEW OF LITERATURE
CHAPTER - 3 - OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER - 4 - OBSERVATION
CHAPTER - 5 - RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER - 6 - CONCLUSION
CHAPTER - 7 - BIBLIOGRAPHY
3. Bird are 'warm' blooded vertebrates, with fore limbs modified to wing, and skins
covered with feathers. Forelimbs modified as wings gives power of flight. also are
oviparius and having internal fertilization. The skull and lower jaw are extended
forward into mandibles which make a beak. Birds possess a third, transparent
eyelid, the nictitating membrane, which can move across the eye. Streamlined
body with slight adaptation the forelimbs are modified as wings with a large
surface area provided by feathers. However, rather than being an adaptation to
flight, they are essential for flight to take place.
Habitat :-
There are two types of bird:-(1) Terrestrial- there are bird living in the site. Ex-
grouse, cartridges, turkeys, pheasants, roadrunners. (2) Aquatic- there are bird
living in the water. Ex- goose, penguin, loon, gulls, duck. They eat both plants and
animals from air ,water or land. Birds have no teeth-moves into two chambered
stomach most birds build nest. A lot of birds begin nesting with complicated
rituals courtship. Bird have special organs air sacs in addition to lungs.
1
INTRODUCTION
4. Avian Diversity :-
Tremendous work has been done on various aspects of avian
diversity across the worlds ( ali 1941; fleming, 1968; overtone ,1972; tekke,1972;
vemon and martin, 1975; parke's, 1975; pearson, 1975; norse and mcmanus, 1980;
woodcock, 1980; fanned, 1981; spina, 1982; ali and ripley, 1983; hussain et al, 1984;
brichetti and massa, 1984; grinnell, 1990; billy et al, 1992; sibley and munroe,
1993; gill, 1995; andrews, 1996; raja et al, 1999; rahbek and graves, 2001; anderson
and baldock, 2001 anderson and baldock, 2001 azam and shafique, 2005; kumar et
al, 2006; surana et al. 2007; lepage, 2008; bahadauria et al, 2012 bibi and ali, 2013
soka et al, 2013.Birds occur on land, sea and freshwater, and in virtually every
habitat, from the. Lowest deserts. To the mountains. Our knowledge of bird
species can tell us a great deal about the state of the world and wider biodiversity.
Patterns of bird diversity are driven by fundamental biogeographic factors, with
tropical countries supporting the highest species richness. (Bird life international,
2013) mayer (1935) estimated 8500. Species of avian fauna belonging to 2600
genera throughout the world.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2
5. A. Collection of bird
B. Identification of bird.
Field trip -for bird watching in the everyday morning and evening from October
2019 to February 2020. Take photographs of all the observed bird and then
identify with the help of Avian fauna of Dr. salim Ali.
OBJECTIVE
METHODOLOGY
3
6. 1. Magpie -
Common name – magpie
Scientific name – pica pica
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – passeriformes
Family – corvidae
Genus – pica
OBSERVATION
Character :-
Magpie birds are black and white color.
Magpie is omnivores.
Food- spiders, reptiles, insects, fruit, seeds, small mammals etc.
During the fall and winter, males and female form pairs.
Magpie prefer open areas with short vegetation and patches of tree and
bushes.
4
7. 2. Pecock-
Common name – pecock
Scientific name – pavocristatus
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – galliformes
Family – phasianidae
Genus – pavo-cristatus
Character :-
This is elongated and brightful bird.
The fields are found here in open spaces.
This is a carnivorous creature, food – grain, snake, fruit, lizard, mouse,
squirrel.
Male pecock dance to attract female.
5
8. 3. Koel-
Common name – koel
Scientific name – eudynamys
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – cuculiformes
Family – cuckoos
Genus – eudynamys
Character :-
Their nests like a bord lamp with a unique nest.
This birds lives in herd bird.
this is found in grassland area.
It deals with brood parasite.
Food- seed, worm etc.
6
9. 4.Baya bird-
Common name – baya
Scientific name – ploceus phillipinus
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – passeriformes
Family – weavers
Genus – p.phillipinus
Character :-
Baya bird nests are unique and candle shape.
The nests are woven with long strips ,leaves and grass.
This bird lives in the herd.
Food- insect, seed.
7
10. 5.Cock -
Common name – cock
Scientific name – gallus domestius
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – galliformes
Family – phasianidae
Genus – gallus
Character :-
Food- insect, seed, worm, plant, small animal, like lizard. They are
omnivorus.
Hen’s bodies are covered in feathers, and they have wings that mainly stray
tucked alongside their bodies. Hen;s are pet bird.
cock are also found in open area and villages.
cock are pet bird.
8
11. 6.Pigeon -
Common name – pigeon
Scientific name – columba livia domestica
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – columbiformes
Family – columbidae
Genus – columba
Character :-
Food- grain, seed, nut, fruit.
Variable in colour, but most birds are bluish gray and white colour.
Their long wings and powerful flights muscle.
Pigeon are familiar birds od cities and towns.
9
12. 7.Hen -
Common name – hen
Scientific name – gallus gallus domesticus
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – galliformes
Family – phasianidae
Genus – gallus gallus
Character :-
Food- insect, seed, plant, and small animal, like lizard and mice.
Hens are omnivorus.
Hen’s bodies are covered in feathers, and they have wings that mainly
stray tucked alongside their bodies. Hen;s are pet bird.
Hen’s are able to lay eggs.
10
13. 8.Roller -
Common name – roller
Scientific name – coracias benghalensis
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – coraciformes
Family – coraciidae
Genus – coracias benghalensis
Character :-
Roller birds are blue colour.
Food- worm, insect, seed, grain, snake.
Roller birds are found in grassland, forest,farm.
The nests are woven with tree branches,leaves and grass.
Roller bird can lifespon 18 years.
11
14. 9.Parrot -
Common name – parrot
Scientific name – psittacines
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – psittaciformes
Family – psittacoidae
Genus – psittacines
Character :-
Parrot birds live in hollow of tree,its called kotar.
Food- fruit, seed, grain, chilli, leaves.
Parrot birds are mostly green and male ringneck sport black and rose rings
around their necks.
This is vegetarian bird.
Parrot bird can lifespon15-20 years.
12
15. 10.Crow -
Common name – crow
Scientific name – corvus
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – passeriformes
Family – corvidae
Genus – corvus
Character :-
Crow are extremely intelligent birds.
Crow are black colour bird and strong bird.
Crows can be found all over the world in a variety of habitats.
Crows are omnivores bird.
Food-insect, seed, fruit, grains, small animals.
13
16. 11. Duck -
Common name – duck
Scientific name – anas platyrhynchos
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – anseriformes
Family – anatidae
Genus – anas platyrhynchos
Character :-
Duck birds are also called “waterfowl” because they are found in pound, river
and lack etc.
Ducks can lifespan 2-12 years depends on species.
Duck mostly found in white colour.
ducks are omnivores bird.
Food-grass, seed, small fish, grains, aquatic,insect.
14
17. 12. House sparrow-
Common – house sparrow
Scientific name – passer domesticus
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – passerifprmes
Family – passeridae
Genus – passer domesticus
Character :-
House sparrow is an extremely little bird.
House sparrow are brightly colored bird with gray head & chest, white
cheeks,black bib,rufous neck.
House sparrow nest in holes of buildings and tree.
House sparrow can lifespan 4-5 years.
Food-grain, seed, rice, fruit, worm, insect etc.
15
18. 13. Laughing dove-
Common name –laughing dove
Scientific name – spilopelia senegalensis
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – columbiformes
Family – columbidae
Genus – s.senegalensis
Character :-
The head and underparts are pinkish, and outer coverts,back and rump vary
blue-gray to pale gray.
The female lays two glossy white eggs.
They are omnivores bird.
Laughing dove can lifespan 15-20 years.
Food-grain, seed, insect, etc.
16
19. 14. Myna-
Common name – myna
Scientific name – acridotheres tristis
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – passeriformes
Family – strunidae
Genus – acridotheres
Character :-
The common myna is brown with a black head. It has a yellow bill, legs and
bare eye skin.
Common mynas are believed to pair for life.
Building their nest in a hole of tree or wall.
Mayas are omnivores .
Food-insects, fruits, vagetables etc.
17
20. 15. Cattle Egret -
Common name – cattle egret
Scientific name – bubulcus ibis
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – pelecaniformes
Family – ardeidae
Genus – bubulcus bonaparte
Character :-
all feathers on cattle egrets are white.
Cattle egrets wade is shallo water to hunt fish, frogs & other small aquatic
animals.
They are colonial nesters, stick nests high in tree.
Cattle egrets are omnivores .
Food-insects, fish, frogs,lizard etc.
18
21. 16. Hoopoe -
Common name – hoopoe
Scientific name – upupa epops
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – bucerotiformes
Family – upupidae
Genus – upupa
Character :-
It has a pinkish-brown body, striking black and white wings. Hoopoe is a
familiar bird.
They don’t gather twigs & find a nice nook on a tree branch, cliffs & walls.
Hoopoes are omnivores .
Food- insects, spider, seed, frogs etc.
19
22. 17. Great Egret -
Common name – great egret
Scientific name – ardea alba
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – pelecaniformes
Family – ardeidae
Genus – ardea
Character :-
all feathers on great egrets are white.
great egrets wade is shallo water to hunt fish, frogs & other small aquatic
animals.
They are colonial nesters, stick nests in tree.
great egrets are omnivores .
Food-insects, fish, frogs,lizard etc. 20
23. 18. Green bee-eater -
Common – green bee-eater
Scientific name – merops orientalis
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – coraciiformes
Family – meropidae
Genus – merops
Character :-
it is green bird & wings are green & beak is black .
The forage either alone or with a group of 15-20 birds.
They are found in grassland and open forest.
Green bee-eater is little bird.
Food-insects, butterflies, dragonflies,spider etc.
21
24. 19. Eagle owl-
Common name – eagle owl
Scientific – bubo bengalensis
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – strigiformes
Family – strigidae
Genus – bubo
Character :-
eagle owl is fairly large owl with prominent brown ear-tufts.
They primarily hunt eats and mice.
The nest is usually a shallow scrape on bare earth.
Food – frogs, reptiles, crabs and large insect.
22
25. 20. Black drango -
Common name – black drango
Scientific name – dicrurus macrocerus
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – passeriformes
Family – dicruridae
Genus – dicrurus
Character :-
black drango bird is glossy black.
The bird found predominantly in open country.
They feed mainly on insects such as grasshoppers,cicadas, termtes, wasps,
bees, ants, beetles etc .
They are build nest in tree.
23
26. 21. Purple sunbird-
Common – purple sunbird
Scientific – cinnyris asiaticus
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – passeriformes
Family – nectariniidae
Genus – cinnyris
Character :-
this is female bird, female is olive brown above & pale yellow below.
Habitat- open forests, gardens ,groves.
Food- insect, spider,fruit, grapes.
Always seen around flowering tree and bushes.
24
27. 22. Ostrich -
Common name – ostrich
Scientific name – struthio camelus
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – struthioniformes
Family – struthionidae
Genus – struthio
Character :-
Ostrich are large, fightless bird that have long legs and a long neck that
protrudes from a round body.
Male have bold black and white coloring that they use to attract female.
Ostrich are omnivores.
Food- plant, seed, lizard, snakes,rodents, etc.
25
28. 23. Indian spotted eagle -
Common –indian spotted eagle
Scientific – clanga hastata
Classification :–
Phylum – chordata
Class – aves
Order – accipitriformes
Family – accipitridae
Genus – clanga
Character :-
The indian spotted eagle is about 60 cm in length and has a wingspan of 150
cm.
Young birds are glossy brown color.
Food- medium size mammles like fish, birds, reptiles, etc.
26
29. Order Bird Number
Galliformes Pecock, Cock, Hen. 3
Cuculiformes Koel 1
Passeriformes
Baya, Crow, House Sparrow, Myna,
Magpie, Black Drango, Purple
Sunbird.
7
Columbiformes Pigeon, Laughing Dove. 2
Coraciformes Roller, Green Bee-eater. 2
Pelecaniformes Great Egret, Cattle Egret. 2
Psittaciformes Parrot 1
Anseriformes Duck 1
Bucerotiformes Hoope 1
Accipitriformes Eagle 1
Strigiformes Owl 1
Struthioniformes Ostrich 1
RESULT
27
31. During present study total 23 species belonging to 23 genera and 20
families were identified number of species found in our study is 23.
Maximum number of species observed are seen in side the garden area of
the village 17 species (75%). In home garden 6 species (25%) is seen.
Magpie, koel, baya, roller, laughing dove, myna, cattle egret, hoopoe, great
egret, green bee eater, owl, black drango is dominant in the garden area of
village and house sparrow, crow, parrot, hen, cock, pigeon is dominant in
the garden area of home. A garden is an environment created by a gardener
that serves as a sustainable haven for surrounding wildlife. A place for
birds to eat and take shelter will increase the number of birds in the
garden, which play a key role in biological pest control. Not only will food
and shelter in crease the survival rate of birds but it will also ensure that
they are healthy enough for a successful breeding season.
DISCUSSION
29
32. CHARACTER OF AQUATIC BIRD –
(1) Most seabird have flexible webbed feet that help them be powerful
swimmers or hel propel them across the water to gain speed for take
off.
(2) Some species have strong claws o their feet to help with fishing as well.
(3) Wing shape sea birds wings are specially shaped for their unique flight
needs.
(4) These adaptations include to feed in water and the ability to dive from
the surface or the air to catch prey in water.
(5) Webbed feet for swimming and waterproof feather.
(6) Larger species with long legs and great height also possess long
flexible necks that allow them to reach food below the water surface.
30
33. CHARACTER OF TERRESTRIAL BIRD –
(1) These bird also prefer to freeze, walk, or when threatened rather than
taking flight.
(2) Terrestrial birds usually have strong, powerful legs which allow them
to outrun predators.
(3) Feathers are made of keratin.
(4) Arboreal bird spend most of their time in trees and dense foliage.
(5) Aminiote egg are encased in hard, calcium containing shells.
(6) Birds have lungs and air sacs are not sites of gas exchange.
(7) Gizzard strong.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that species spatial distributions are directly effected by
global warming and subsequently climate change. evidence found
specifically from birds show that there is a correlation between bird
population characteristics and alterations in climate factors such as
temperature and precipitation.
31
34. REFERENCE
32
(Bibliography) of Indian Birds:-
Lepage, Denis (1 July 2016). "Checklist of birds of India". Avibase bird checklists
of the world. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
Gogoi, Deborshee & Phukan, Porag Jyoti (2016). "White-browed Crake
Amaurornis cinerea in maguri-Motapung Beel, Assam, India: A new species for
South Asia". Indian Birds. 11 (3): 79–80.
Praveen, J; Jayapal, Rajah & Pittie, Aasheesh. (2016). A checklist of the birds of
India. Indian Birds. 11 (5&6): 113–172.
Remsen, J.V.Jr (2016) rapid assessment program for assigning species rank.
Journal of field ornithology.
Remsen,J.V.Jr (2015) .Review of HBW and Birdlife International illustrated
checklist of the birds of the world volume.
Dunn, J. C.; Buchanan, G. M.; Cuthbert, R. J.; Whittingham, M. J. & McGowan, P.
J. K. (2015). "Mapping the potential distribution of the Critically Endangered
Himalayan Quail Ophrysia superciliosa using proxy species and species distribution
modelling". Bird Conservation International. 25 (4): 1–13.
doi:10.1017/S095927091400046X.
Delany, S.; Garbutt, D.; Williams, C.; Sulston, C.; Norton, J. & Denby, C. (2014).
"The Southampton University Ladakh Expeditions 1976–1982: Full details of nine
35. species previously unrecorded in India and four second records". Indian Birds. 9
(1): 1–13.
Khan, Asif N. (1 December 2013). "First Record of Lesser White-Fronted Goose
Anser erythropus from Gujarat, India". Journal of the Bombay Natural History
Society. 110 (3): 224. doi:10.17087/jbnhs/2013/v110i3/94037 (inactive 2020-09-
01). ISSN 2454-1095. Harrop, A H.; et al. (2013) The British List: A checklist of
bird of Britain.
"National bird of India". Know India. Govt. of India. Retrieved 2 December
2007.
Clements,J F. (2007). The Clements checklist of bird of the world.
Roller:- Barya,M (2000). shghtings of the European Roller. Dalgliesh,
G.(1911).Roller catching its prey in the water, Gupta , s.(1976): Indian Rollers,
black Drango etc.
Sing, B.(200):- chance insights into the behaviour of woodpeckers.
Raza ,R.H.(1993):- sighting of black Bulbul Hypsipetes madagascariensis(P.L.S.
Muller) in gaya, Bihar J.bombay Nat.
Kirkpatrick k.M.(1950):- peculiar roosting site of the house swift.
(sparrows)(crows,Magpies):-Bulu Iman, ARH(1997) Third golden crows in
Hazaribagh.
Ducks:- Desai, J.H (1971): Note on breeding of Ruddy shelduck Tadorna
ferruginea (Pallas) at Delhi zoological park J.bombay nat.
33
36. Pigeons and Doves :- Donahue J.p.(1962): speed of flight of birds.
Parrots:- bhargava, R and F Hanfree(1996).
Cuckoo's:- Bagwell purefoy, A.E.(1947): The koel as an egg - stealen J.Bombay
nat.
Woodpeckers:- Ganguli, U.(1962): The wryneck.
Myna:- Desai J.H.and A.k. Malhotra (1998)Behaviour and breeding biology of
pied myna and common myna.
Owl:- Dodsworth, P.T.L.(1913) The Himalayan wood owl.
Hoopoes:-Dhanze, J.R.(1977) A brief observation regarding the migration of
Hoopoes.
34