Lepidoptera are an order of insects that includes moths and butterflies. They are characterized by scales covering their wings and bodies. Moths and butterflies undergo a complete life cycle from egg to caterpillar to pupa to adult. Larval lepidopterans are polypod caterpillars found in terrestrial habitats. Most larvae eat plants but some are carnivorous. Adults generally feed on nectar. There are about 150,000 described species classified into families like Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, and Saturniidae. Common moth families include Tineidae, Saturniidae, and Arctiidae.
Animals are classified into the animal kingdom. Each kingdom is then further divided into increasingly smaller groups based on similarities. The taxonomists names different levels of groups. The development of insects classification gets further advancement when compared to the earlier classification.
Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. Insects are the most diverse group of animals; they include more than a million described species and represent more than half of all known living organisms.
Nearly all insects hatch from eggs. Insect growth is constrained by the inelastic exoskeleton and development involves a series of molts. The immature stages often differ from the adults in structure, habit and habitat, and can include a passive pupal stage in those groups that undergo four-stage metamorphosis. Insects that undergo three-stage metamorphosis lack a pupal stage and adults develop through a series of nymphal stages.[6] The higher level relationship of the insects is unclear. Fossilized insects of enormous size have been found from the Paleozoic Era, including giant dragonflies with wingspans of 55 to 70 cm (22 to 28 in). The most diverse insect groups appear to have coevolved with flowering plants.
Adult insects typically move about by walking, flying, or sometimes swimming. As it allows for rapid yet stable movement, many insects adopt a tripedal gait in which they walk with their legs touching the ground in alternating triangles, composed of the front and rear on one side with the middle on the other side. Insects are the only invertebrates to have evolved flight, and all flying insects derive from one common ancestor. Many insects spend at least part of their lives under water, with larval adaptations that include gills, and some adult insects are aquatic and have adaptations for swimming. Some species, such as water striders, are capable of walking on the surface of water. Insects are mostly solitary, but some, such as certain bees, ants and termites, are social and live in large, well-organized colonies. Some insects, such as earwigs, show maternal care, guarding their eggs and young. Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways. Male moths can sense the pheromones of female moths over great distances. Other species communicate with sounds: crickets stridulate, or rub their wings together, to attract a mate and repel other males. Lampyrid beetles communicate with light.
Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (mostly 1 mm long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Different thrips species feed mostly on plants by puncturing and sucking up the contents, although a few are predators. Entomologists have described approximately 6,000 species.
Animals are classified into the animal kingdom. Each kingdom is then further divided into increasingly smaller groups based on similarities. The taxonomists names different levels of groups. The development of insects classification gets further advancement when compared to the earlier classification.
Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. Insects are the most diverse group of animals; they include more than a million described species and represent more than half of all known living organisms.
Nearly all insects hatch from eggs. Insect growth is constrained by the inelastic exoskeleton and development involves a series of molts. The immature stages often differ from the adults in structure, habit and habitat, and can include a passive pupal stage in those groups that undergo four-stage metamorphosis. Insects that undergo three-stage metamorphosis lack a pupal stage and adults develop through a series of nymphal stages.[6] The higher level relationship of the insects is unclear. Fossilized insects of enormous size have been found from the Paleozoic Era, including giant dragonflies with wingspans of 55 to 70 cm (22 to 28 in). The most diverse insect groups appear to have coevolved with flowering plants.
Adult insects typically move about by walking, flying, or sometimes swimming. As it allows for rapid yet stable movement, many insects adopt a tripedal gait in which they walk with their legs touching the ground in alternating triangles, composed of the front and rear on one side with the middle on the other side. Insects are the only invertebrates to have evolved flight, and all flying insects derive from one common ancestor. Many insects spend at least part of their lives under water, with larval adaptations that include gills, and some adult insects are aquatic and have adaptations for swimming. Some species, such as water striders, are capable of walking on the surface of water. Insects are mostly solitary, but some, such as certain bees, ants and termites, are social and live in large, well-organized colonies. Some insects, such as earwigs, show maternal care, guarding their eggs and young. Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways. Male moths can sense the pheromones of female moths over great distances. Other species communicate with sounds: crickets stridulate, or rub their wings together, to attract a mate and repel other males. Lampyrid beetles communicate with light.
Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (mostly 1 mm long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Different thrips species feed mostly on plants by puncturing and sucking up the contents, although a few are predators. Entomologists have described approximately 6,000 species.
THE COLEOPTERA IS A BIGGST ORDER IN THE CLASS INSECTA AND ALSO IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM HERE IAM DESCRIBING THE IMPORTANT CHARACTER OF THE ORDER AND ECONMOIC IMPORTANT FAMILIES COMES UNDER COLEOPTERA
order hemiptera is divided in two sub order i.e. Homoptera and Heteroptera. major families of order hemiptera are pentatomodae, coreidae, cimicidae, pyrrhocoreidae, lygaeidae, cicadilidae, delphacidae, aphidae, coccidae, laphopidae, aleurodidae, pseudococcidae, jassidae etc.
Insect order collembola are also known as Springtails. here the detail about this order mentioned like what are its families and what are its economic importances.
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Hymenoptera is the third largest order, Over 150,000 species have been described. Apart from the extent, 2,000 extinct species have also been reported.
it consists of ants, bees, sawflies and wasps
THE COLEOPTERA IS A BIGGST ORDER IN THE CLASS INSECTA AND ALSO IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM HERE IAM DESCRIBING THE IMPORTANT CHARACTER OF THE ORDER AND ECONMOIC IMPORTANT FAMILIES COMES UNDER COLEOPTERA
order hemiptera is divided in two sub order i.e. Homoptera and Heteroptera. major families of order hemiptera are pentatomodae, coreidae, cimicidae, pyrrhocoreidae, lygaeidae, cicadilidae, delphacidae, aphidae, coccidae, laphopidae, aleurodidae, pseudococcidae, jassidae etc.
Insect order collembola are also known as Springtails. here the detail about this order mentioned like what are its families and what are its economic importances.
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Hymenoptera is the third largest order, Over 150,000 species have been described. Apart from the extent, 2,000 extinct species have also been reported.
it consists of ants, bees, sawflies and wasps
This is my first slide show presentation in IT1 subject and it is entitled BUTTERFLY. I hope for those people who wants to able to view i wish you will like it.
Order Neuroptera
Haseeb Kamran | Mphil Wildlife and Ecology GIS & Remote Sensing Lab | University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Ravi Campus).
00923486311164
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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Lepidopteran insects (1).pptx
1. Lepidopteran
insects
P r e s e n t e d B y
A b d u l l a h A l - J a b i r
I D . 2 1 2 0 9 0 2 0
P r e s e n t e d T o
D r . S w a p a n K u m a r R o y
A s s i s t a n t P r o f e s s o r
C o l l e g e o f A g r i c u l t u r a l S c i e n c e s ( C A S ) 1
2. Lepidoptera
The Lepidoptera is an order of insects that includes moths and butterflies (both
are called lepidopterans)
Lepidoptera species are characterized by more than three derived features,
some of the most apparent being the scales covering their bodies and wings,
and a proboscis.
2
3. Etymology of Lepidoptera
Comes from Greek language:
- Lepido means “Scale”
- Ptera meaning “Wing”
This makes sense because the insects in this order all have wings in their adult
stage and the scales refer to the small flakes that coats the wings of these
insects.
3
4. General Characteristics
Two pair of membranous (transparent) wings that are covered with tiny scales
which give color, rigidity and strength.
Large compound eyes that consists of many light-sensitive lens, each
with its own refractive system and each forming its own portion of the image
4
5. General Characteristics
One ocelli ( simple eye) with simple lens, present above each eye.
Antennae present.
- Butterflies generally have Clavate antennae.
Sometimes Clubbed.
Mouth parts are formed into a sucking tube
known as proboscis by elongation of galeae
i.e Siphoning type.
5
6. Life Cycle of Lepidoptera
Moths and butterflies undergo a complete life cycle
- Egg
- Caterpillar ( Larvae)
- Pupae
- Adult
6
7. Life Cycle of Lepidoptera
A female may lay only a few eggs or tens of thousands
After the caterpillars hatch, they usually develop through 4 to 7 instars over
a period of a few weeks.
When the caterpillar is ready to pupate they generally find shelter to spin
their cocoons
7
8. Lepidoptera Larvae – Distinguishing Characteristics
Larval lepidopterans are polypods (caterpillars) and found in a variety of
terrestrial habitats.
Chewing mouthparts: to feed on plant materials.
Mostly are regarded as serious agricultural pests.
8
9. Beautiful But Destructive
The larvae of these insects are destructive to crops and forest trees because
they eat plants in this stage
9
10. Feeding Habits
Most larvae of moths and butterflies are neroivores
- Either eating foliage or wood
Some are carnivorous
- Eating other caterpillars
- Feeding on soft bodied insects
Adult are generally nectar feeders
10
11. Common Members of Lepidoptera
Butterflies have clubbed antennas and the habit of holding their wings
vertically when at rest
Months sit with their wings flat
11
Butterfly vs. Moth
12. Why are butterflies so colorful?
Sometimes the colors are bright and are intended to warn away potential
predators.
This indicates that they taste bad to a predator
Others times the bright colors are meant to attract mates
Some are colored to look very much like a food plant in order to help the
insect hide.
12
13. Classification
About 150000 species of living lepidoptera have been described in
approximately 124 families.
- Have 4 sub – orders :-
1. Zeugloptera
2. Aglossata
3. Glossata
4. Heterobathmiina
Some scientists divide order into 2 suborders:-
1. Ditrysia (Majority of lepidopetrans i.e 97%)
2. Monotrysia (Remaining 3%)
13
14. Some common families of butterflies
1. Family :- Nymphalidae (Brush footed butterflies)
14
Forelegs are short, functionless, hairy and folded on thorax.
Larva is with many processes pr spines on the body e.g. Painted lady butterflies
15. Some common families of butterflies
2. Family :- Lycaenidae (Blues, coppers, hair streaks)
15
Compound eyes are white rimmed
Antennae are with white rings
Upper wing surface is either metallic blue or coppery.
Larvae are flattened with retractile head. E.g. Blue butterflies
16. Some common families of butterflies
3. Family :- Papilionidae (Swallow tails)
16
Often large and brightly colored.
Prothoracic legs have tibial epiphysis.
Larval body is either smooth or with tubercles.
17. Some common families of butterflies
4. Family :- Pieridae (White and sulphur butterflies)
17
They are white or yellow or orange colored with black markings
Larva is green, elongate and covered with fine hairs.
Larval body segment have annulates. E.g. Cabbage butterflies
18. Some common families of butterflies
5. Family :- Danaidae (Milkweed butterflies)
18
Also known as brush-footed butterflies
Most of the spp are found in tropical Asia and Africa
Adults are aposematic.
19. Some common families of moths
1. Family :- Tineidae (Cloth moths)
19
Small moths with large maxillary palps
Caterpillars feed on wool, furs, feathers and other organic products causing
considerable damage to fabrics
They produce a weblike mass over fabrics as they feed.
20. Some common families of moths
2. Family :- Saturniidae (giant silk moths)
20
They are large sized moths
Antennae is bipectinate
Larva is stout and smooth with scoli
Cocoon is dense and firm. E.g. Tussor silk worm
21. Some common families of moths
3. Family :- Bombycidae (Silk worm moths)
21
Antenna is bipectinate
Pupation occurs in dense silken cocoon. E.g. Mulberry silk worm
22. Some common families of moths
4. Family :- Arctiidae (Tiger moths)
22
Wings are conspicuously spotted or banded.
They are nocturnal and attracted to light.
Larva is either sparsely hairy or densely hair. E.g. Black hairy caterpillar