Elsharkawy 's research 2023.pptx

Birds Species of Egypt
PERNIS APIVORUS ) EUROPEAN HONEY BUZZARD
(
‫االوروبي‬ ‫النحل‬ ‫حوام‬
,
o Class: Avis (Birds)
o Order: Accipitriformes
(vultures, eagles, harriers, hawks, kites and ospres(
o Family :Accipitridae
(vultures, eagles, harriers, hawks, kites)
o Genus: Pernis
o Scientific name: Pernis apivorus
o Common Name: European Honey Buzzard
o Local name: ‫األوربي‬ ‫النحل‬ ‫حوام‬
o Synonyms:
https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Alopochen_aegyptiaca/

PERNISAPIVORUS ) EUROPEAN HONEY BUZZARD (
,

DESCRIPTION SUPERFICIALLY BUTEO-LIKE, BUT NOTE
PROPORTIONATELY SMALLER HEADAND LONGER NECKAND TAIL.
VARIABLE BROWNABOVE, FROM DARK THROUGH RUFOUS TO
PALE. HEAD OFTEN GREY. EYE HASYELLOW IRIS. UNDERPARTS
GENERALLY PALEAND BARRED. TAILRATHER LONG, BANDED,
AND WITH BROAD TERMINALBAND. IN FLIGHT LONG WINGED,
WITHOUTCLEAR CARPALPATCHAND RATHER EXTENDED NECK.
SOARS ON FLATWINGS (SLIGHTLYRAISED IN COMMON BUZZARD,
P. 41). DIFFERS FROM VERYSIMILAR, RARE CRESTED HONEY
BUZZARD P. PTILORHYNCHUS BYLACK OF SIXTH PRIMARY
'FINGER'. VOICE SILENT ON PASSAGE. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT
MAINLYIN EASTAND SINAI ON PASSAGE. IN REGION WIDESPREAD
THROUGHOUT ON PASSAGE ONLY, THOUGH SCARCE IN EASTERN
ARABIA. HABITATAND HABITS ON PASSAGEANYWHERE, BUT
FREQUENTLY MIGRATES, OFTEN IN LARGE CONGREGATIONS,
ALONG MIGRATION CORRIDORS.
PERNIS APIVORUS ) EUROPEAN HONEY
BUZZARD (
,

Birds Species of Eygpt
Pernis prilorhynchus (Crested Honey Buzzard, (
‫متوج‬ ‫حوام‬
o Family: Accipitridae
o Genus: Pernis
o Scientific name: Pernis prilorhynchus
o Common Name: Crested Honey Buzzard
o Local name ‫حوام‬
‫متوج‬
:
o Synonyms:

BELONGS TO THE FAMILYBASSAE ISABIRD OF PREYAND
BUZZARD. FEATURESASMALLPOD THAT MARKS THE FRONT OF
THE HEAD. NATIVETO INDIAAND ITS VICINITY. ITS FEATHERSARE
OVERLAPPING COLORS WITHABRIGHTWAVE. ITS STRENGTH IS
WORMSAND INSECTS. ITBREEDS INASIAFROM CENTRALSIBERIA
TO EASTERN JAPAN ,AND ITS SIGHTING WAS RECORDED IN EGYPT
IN THEAIN SUKHNAREGION BYTHE EGYPTIAN ORNITHOLOGIST
SHERIF BAHAAEL-DIN,AND ITIS ONE OF THE RARE SPECIES
WHOSE SIGHTINGS HAVE BEEN RECORDED VERYFEWTIMES.

Elanus caeruleus (Black-winged Kite, ‫حدأة‬
‫سوداء‬
‫الجناح‬ )
o Genus: Elanus
o Scientific name: Elanus caeruleus
o Common Name: Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus
o Local name : ‫حدأة‬
‫سوداء‬
‫الجناح‬
o Synonyms: Black-shouldered Kite

‫سوداء‬

DESCRIPTION SMALLPALE RAPTOR.ADULT BLUE- GREYABOVE
WITH BLACK 'SHOULDERS', WHITE FACE,AND PALE GREYCROWN.
PURE WHITE BELOW. RATHER OWLFACED, WITH LARGE,
'GLARING' EYES WITH RED IRIS. LEGS SHORTANDYELLOW. IN
FLIGHT NOTE SHORT, SQUARE-ENDED TAILAND BROAD, POINTED
WINGS, GREYWITH LARGE BLACK COVERT-PATCHAND FROM
BELOW ON WING-TIPS. JUVENILE TINGED BROWN ON CROWNAND
BREASTAND WITH SCALYBACK. VOICE GENERALLY SILENT-CALL
PIERCING CHEE-ARK. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT COMMON
RESIDENTTHROUGHOUT DELTAAND VALLEYAND FAYOUM. IN
REGION VERYLOCALRESIDENT CONFINED TO SOUTHWESTERN
ARABIA. HABITATAND HABITS OPEN COUNTRYWITHTREESAND
FARMLAND. OFTEN PERCHES ON TELEPHONEAND POWERWIRES.
HOVERS, WHERETOLD FROM COMMON KESTREL(P. 46) BYVERY
WHITEAPPEARANCE, SHORTTAIL,AND BROAD WINGSWITH
BLACK.
‫سوداء‬

Milvus migrans (Black Kite,‫سوداء‬ ‫)حدأة‬
o Genus: Milvus
o Scientific name: Milvus migrans
o Common Name: Black Kite
o Local name: ‫سودا‬ ‫حدأة‬
‫ء‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION SLIM DARK RAPTOR.ADULT DULL, DARK BROWN
THROUGHOUTWITH GREYER HEAD, SOMETIMES MARKEDLY
PALE,AND SLIGHTLYFORKED TAIL. JUVENILE HAS DARK MASK
AND PALE TIPS TO COVERTS. BILLSMALL,AND DARK WITH
YELLOW BASE. LEGSYELLOW. IN FLIGHT NOTE TAILWITH
SHALLOW FORK, WINGSWITH DEEPFINGERS,AND LITTLE PALE
ON PRIMARIES.YELLOW-BILLED KITE M. M.AEGYPTIUS,
SOMETIMES CONSIDERED SEPARATE SPECIES, HAS MORE RUFOUS
UNDERPARTSANDALL-YELLOW BILL. VOICE QUERULOUS MEW
AND PEE-E-E-E-E. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPTYELLOW- BILLED
LOCALRESIDENT IN DELTAAND VALLEY. OTHER RACES
WIDESPREAD ON PASSAGE. IN REGION LOCALSUMMER BREEDER
IN LEVANTAND WIDESPREAD THROUGHOUT ON PASSAGE.
YELLOW-BILLED RESIDENT IN SOUTHEASTARABIA. HABITATAND
HABITS. OPEN COUNTRY, FARMLAND, WATERSIDES,TOWNS,
VILLAGES,AND RUBBISH TIPS. EVEN IN CENTRALCAIRO.

Milvus milvus( Red Kite,‫حمراء‬ ‫)حدأة‬
o Genus: Milvus
o Scientific name: Milvus milvus
o Common Name: Red Kite
o Local name: ‫حمراء‬ ‫حدأة‬
o Synonyms:

ENDEMIC TO THE WESTERN PALEARCTIC REGION IN
EUROPEAND NORTHWESTAFRICA. FORMERLY,
THESE BIRDS OF PREYALSO OCCURRED IN
NORTHERN IRAN. THEYARE RARE KITES THATARE
RESIDENT IN WESTERN EUROPEAND NORTHWEST
AFRICA. RED KITES FROM NORTH-EASTERNAND
CENTRAL EUROPE MIGRATE FURTHER SOUTHAND
WEST, REACHING SOUTH TO TURKEY FOR THE
WINTER SEASON. VAGRANT BIRDS HAVE BEEN
RECORDEDAS FAR NORTHAS FINLANDAND SOUTH
IN PALESTINEAND LIBYA.

Haliaeetus vocifer (African Fish Eagle,‫االفريقي‬ ‫السمك‬ ‫)عقاب‬
o Genus: Haliaeetus
o Scientific name: Haliaeetus vocifer
o Common Name: African Fish Eagle
o Local name: ‫السمك‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫االفريقي‬
o Synonyms:

Haliaeetus vocifer (African Fish Eagle,‫االفريقي‬ ‫السمك‬ ‫)عقاب‬

FOUND THROUGHOUT SUB-SAHARANAFRICA,AFRICAN FISH
EAGLES RANGE FROM MAURITANIA, MALI, NIGER, CHAD,
SUDAN,AND ERITREAIN THE NORTH, TO THEATLANTIC OCEAN
IN THE WEST,THE INDIAN OCEAN IN THE EASTAND TO SOUTH
AFRICAIN THE SOUTH. NON-BREEDING (WINTERING)AREAS
ARE LOCATED IN SOUTH-WESTERNAFRICA(NAMIBIA,
BOTSWANA,AND SOUTHAFRICA), PARTS OF CENTRALAFRICA
(CAMEROON, EQUATORIALGUINEA, GABON, THE REPUBLIC OF
THE CONGO,AND THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO),
AND PARTS OF WESTERNAFRICA(SIERRALEONE, GUINEA,
LIBERIA, CÔTE D'IVOIRE,AND GHANA). GENERALLY,AFRICAN
FISH EAGLES CAN BE FOUND BETWEEN THE LATITUDES OF 17°N
AND 35°S.ADULTSARE USUALLYSEDENTARY, BUT MAYMOVE
ABOUT LOCALLYIN RESPONSE TO CHANGING
ENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONS SUCHAS DROUGHT, FLOODING
EVENTS, OR CHANGES IN FOOD SUPPLY.
Haliaeetus vocifer (African Fish Eagle, ‫السمك‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫)االفريقي‬

Haliaeetus albicilla (White-tailed Eagle,‫الذيل‬ ‫بيضاء‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫)عقاب‬
o Genus: Haliaeetus
o Scientific name: Haliaeetus albicilla
o Common Name: White-tailed Eagle
o Local name: ‫الذيل‬ ‫بيضاء‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫عقاب‬
o Synonyms:

Haliaeetus albicilla (White-tailed Eagle,‫الذيل‬ ‫بيضاء‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫)عقاب‬

It is the largest bird of prey in the continent ofEurope, with a length ranging
between 78 to 94 cm and a wingspan of 178 to 245 cm. Females are slightly
heavier than males and their weight ranges between4 to 6.9 kg, while males
are between 3.1 to 5.4 kg .The colour of the plumage of adult birds is pale
brown throughoutthe body, except for its white tail of tapering shape, from
which its name came, and its head has a pale white colour that is homogeneous
with the rest of the body colour. Flight feathers are dark in colour, beak large
and hooked and yellow. While flying, the white tail can be clearly seenYoung
eagles are dark brown in colour with chaotic white feathers on their body,
white tail and dark limbs.Young white-tailed eagle food Since the white-tailed
eagle is usually found near water sources, it mainly eats fish, but sometimes it
eats birds such as ducks and small mammals such as rabbits or rats. He will eat
the corpses if they are available.
Haliaeetus albicilla (White-tailed Eagle, ‫البحر‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫الذيل‬ ‫)بيضاء‬

Gypaetus barbatus (Bearded Vulture, ‫ذقن‬ ‫ابو‬ ‫)نسر‬
o Genus: Gypaetus
o Scientific name: Gypaetus barbatus
o Common Name: Bearded Vulture
o Local name: ‫ذقن‬ ‫ابو‬ ‫نسر‬
o Synonyms: lammergeier

THE RANGE OF BEARDED VULTURES EXTENDSACROSS SOUTHERN
EUROPEANDASIA, FROMAS FAR EASTASTHE PYRENEES MOUNTAINS OF
SPAIN TOAS FAR WESTAS INDIAAND TIBET, SOUTH-CENTRAL CHINA,AND
SOUTHERN SIBERIA. THEYCANALSO BE FOUNDACROSS THE ETHIOPIAN
HIGHLANDS,AS WELLAS IN NORTHEAST UGANDA, WESTKENYA, LESOTHO
AND SOUTH-EASTERN SOUTHAFRICA. ISOLATED POPULATIONS INHABIT
NORTHERN MOROCCOAND POSSIBLYALGERIA. THEREARETHIRTEEN
DIFFERENT SUBSPECIES OF BEARDED VULTURES, THOUGH MOST LACK
SUFFICIENT GROUNDS TO BEWHOLLYCONSIDERED. IT IS RESTRICTED TO
NORTHWESTAFRICA, WHILE IT CAN BE FOUND THROUGHOUT EASTERN
AFRICAAND THE NATION OF SOUTHAFRICA. IT CAN BE FOUND
THROUGHOUT EUROPEANDASIA, WHILE GYPAETUS BARBATUS ALTAICUS
ARE FOUND ONLYINTHE HIMALAYASAND MOUNTAINS OF CENTRALASIA.

Neophron percnopterus (Egyptian Vulture,‫ة‬َ‫م‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫)الر‬
o Genus: Neophron
o Scientific name: Neophron percnopterus
o Common Name: Egyptian Vulture
o Local name: ‫ة‬َ‫م‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫الر‬
‫او‬
‫ة‬َ‫ح‬‫و‬ُّ‫ش‬‫ال‬
‫او‬
‫األنوق‬
‫او‬
‫المصري‬ ‫النسر‬
o Synonyms:

Neophron percnopterus (Egyptian Vulture,‫ة‬َ‫م‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫)الر‬

DESCRIPTION THIN-BILLED, BLACKAND WHITEVULTURE.ADULT
DIRTYWHITETHROUGHOUTWITH BLACK FLIGHT FEATHERS.
HEAD PROPORTIONATELY SMALLWITH SHAGGYCREST,AND BARE
FACIALSKIN BRIGHTYELLOW. BILLSLENDERAND HOOK TIPPED;
YELLOWWITH BLACK TIP. IN FLIGHTNOTE LONG WHITE, WEDGE-
SHAPED TAIL. FROM BELOWWHITEWITH BLACK PRIMARIESAND
SECONDARIES - LIKE WHITE STORK (P. 34) BUT SHORT NECKED
AND WITHYELLOW BARE PARTS. JUVENILE HAS SAME
SILHOUETTE BUT DULLBROWN THROUGHOUT. VOICE
GENERALLY SILENT. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT, FAIRLYCOMMON
ON PASSAGEAND SCARCE BREEDER PARTICULARLY IN VALLEY,
EASTERN DESERT,AND SINAI. IN REGION SUMMER BREEDER IN
LEVANTAND NAQAB. RESIDENT IN EASTERNAND SOUTHERN
ARABIA, OMAN,AND GULF. WIDESPREAD ON PASSAGE. HABITAT
AND HABITS MOUNTAINS,WADIS,AND GORGES.ALSO MORE OPEN
COUNTRYANDAROUND RUBBISH TIPS IN TOWNSAND VILLAGES.
Neophron percnopterus (Egyptian Vulture,‫ة‬َ‫م‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫ر‬‫)ال‬

Gyps africanus(White-backed Vultuur, ‫النسر‬
‫ابيض‬
‫الظهر‬ )
o Genus: Gyps
o Scientific name: Gyps africanus
o Common Name: African White-backed Vulture
o Local name: ‫النسر‬
‫ابيض‬
‫الظهر‬
o Synonyms:

‫ابيض‬
‫الظهر‬ )

It has very wide wings, short tail feathers, and small feathers on
its head and neck, and it also has a white dome on the bottom of
its neck.Adult individuals have white backs in contrast to the
dark feathers that cover the rest of their body, while juveniles are
completely dark in color.It is of medium size, weighing between
4.2 and 7.2 kilograms, and a length between 78 and 98
centimeters, and a wingspan of between 1.96 and 2.25 meters. It
feeds mainly on carcasses of dead animals, found by flying over
savannahs and searching, and it also picks up remains from
human habitats. This eagle usually moves in groups.
‫ابيض‬
‫الظهر‬ )

Gyps fulvus(Griffon Vulture, ‫األوراسي‬ ‫األسمر‬ ‫)النسر‬
o Genus: Gyps
o Scientific name: Gyps fulvus
o Common Name: Griffon Vulture
o Local name: ‫األوراسي‬ ‫األسمر‬ ‫النسر‬
‫او‬
‫جريفون‬ ‫نسر‬
o Synonyms: Eurasian griffon

DESCRIPTION ENORMOUS VULTURE.ADULT UNIFORM BUFF-
BROWNABOVE WITH DARKER FLIGHT FEATHERS. PALE BROWN
BELOW. WHITE RUFF. HEADAND NECK HAVEWHITE DOWN, OFTEN
SOILED. HEAVYYELLOWISH BILL. IN FLIGHT BUFF-BROWN,
INCLUDING BACKAND RUMP, WITH DARKER PRIMARIESAND
SECONDARIESAND GREATER COVERTS TIPPED PALE. TAILSHORT,
DARK,AND ROUNDED. FLIGHTSILHOUETTE HAS DISTINCT BULGE
TO SECONDARIESAND DEEPFINGERS. IMMATURE HAS BROWN
RUFFAND GREYBILL. VOICE UNMUSICALHISSINGAND GRUNTING
AT CARCASSES. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT UNCOMMON ON
PASSAGE MAINLYIN EASTERN DESERTAND SINAI. IN REGION
VERYLOCALRESIDENT IN LEVANT, NAQAB,AND EASTERN
ARABIA. MORE WIDESPREAD ON PASSAGEAND IN WINTER.
HABITATAND HABITS MOUNTAINOUS COUNTRYWITH CLIFFSAND
RIDGES. GREGARIOUS, BREEDING IN COLONIESANDASSEMBLING
AT CARCASSES.

Gyps rueppelli(Rüppell's Vulture,‫األبقع‬ ‫)النسر‬
o Genus: Gyps
o Scientific name: Gyps rueppelli
o Common Name: Rüppell's Vulture
o Local name: ‫األبقع‬ ‫النسر‬
‫أو‬
‫روبل‬ ‫نسر‬
‫أو‬
‫مرقط‬ ‫نسر‬
o Synonyms: Rüppell's griffon

RÜPPELL'S GRIFFON VULTURE (GYPS RUEPPELLII)ARE FOUND IN
PARTS OF THE ETHIOPIAN BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGION.GYPS
RUEPPELLII OCCUPYTHE REGION FROM SENEGAMBIATO
ERITREA, WITH SOME NATIVE RANGE SPREADING FARTHER
SOUTHEAST. THEIR NATIVE RANGE EXTENDS FROM
NORTHWESTTO NORTHEASTAFRICAAPPROXIMATELY
BETWEEN LATITUDES 5°SAND 20°N.

Torgos tracheliotus(Lappet-faced Vulture,‫النوبي‬ ‫)النسر‬
o Genus: Torgos
o Scientific name: Torgos tracheliotus
o Common Name: Lappet-faced Vulture
o Local name: ‫األذون‬ ‫النسر‬
‫أو‬
‫النوبي‬ ‫النسر‬
‫أو‬
‫األجعد‬ ‫النسر‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION ENORMOUS VULTURE.ADULT HUGE; UNIFORM
BLACKISH-BROWNABOVE. DARK BELOWWITH PALE BREAST-
SIDES, FLANKSAND UNDERTAIL-COVERTS STREAKED DARK.
HEADAND NECK NAKED WITH PINKISH PALE SKINAND SHAGGY,
DARK BROWN RUFFAND HINDNECK. BILLMASSIVE. IN FLIGHT
SHOWS BROAD DARK WINGSWITH PALE LINE ON UNDERWING-
COVERTSAND SHORTTAIL. FLIGHT SILHOUETTE HAS SLIGHT
BULGE TO SECONDARIESAND DEEPFINGERS. IMMATURE MORE
UNIFORMLYDARK, WITH BLUE-GREY FACIALSKIN. VOICE
GENERALLY SILENT. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT NOW CONFINED TO
SOUTHEM EASTERN DESERT, WHERE BREEDS. UNCOMMON IN
CENTRALAND SOUTHARABIAAND SOUTHERN GULF, INCLUDING
OMAN. NAQAB POPULATIONATBESTVERYRARE. HABITATAND
HABITS DESERTAND SEMI-DESERT MOUNTAINSAND FOOTHILLS,
WADIS,AND GORGES. SOLITARYOR IN PAIRS,ALTHOUGH SMALL
FLOCKSAT CARCASSES WHERE DOMINANT.

Aegypius monachus(Cinereous Vulture,‫األوراسي‬ ‫األسود‬ ‫)النسر‬
o Genus: Aegypius
o Scientific name: Aegypius monachus
o Common Name: Cinereous Vulture
o Local name: ‫األوراسي‬ ‫األسود‬ ‫النسر‬
‫او‬
‫الراهب‬ ‫النسر‬
‫او‬
‫الرمادي‬ ‫النسر‬
o Synonyms:

Aegypius monachus(Cinereous Vulture,‫األوراسي‬ ‫األسود‬ ‫)النسر‬

MUCH OF EUROPE, THE MIDDLE EAST,ANDASIA
INCLUDING SPAIN, BULGARIA, GREECE, TURKEY,
ARMENIA,AZERBAIJAN, GEORGIA, UKRAINE,
RUSSIA, UZBEKISTAN, KAZAKHSTAN, TAJIKISTAN,
TURKMENISTAN, KYRGYZSTAN, IRAN,
AFGHANISTAN, NORTHERN INDIA, NORTHERN
PAKISTAN, MONGOLIA, AND MAINLAND CHINA.
THEYALSO WINTER INAREAS OF THE MIDDLE EAST,
ASIA,ANDAFRICAINCLUDING THE SUDAN, SAUDI
ARABIA, IRAN, PAKISTAN, NORTHWEST INDIA,
NEPAL, BHUTAN, MYANMAR, LAO PEOPLE'S
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC, NORTH KOREA,AND
SOUTH KOREA.
Aegypius monachus(Cinereous Vulture, ‫األسود‬ ‫النسر‬
‫)األوراسي‬

Circaetus gallicus(Short-toed Snake Eagle,‫صرارة‬ ‫)عقاب‬
o Genus: Circaetus
o Scientific name: Circaetus gallicus
o Common Name: Short-toed Snake Eagle
o Local name: ‫صرارة‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫او‬
‫األصابع‬ ‫قصير‬ ‫الثعابين‬ ‫عقاب‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION LARGE PALE EAGLE.ADULT FAIRLYUNIFORM GREY-
BROWNABOVE, INCLUDING HEADAND BREAST. UNDERPARTS
SHARPLYDELINEATED FROM BREAST, WHITISHAND COARSELY
BARRED. UNFEATHERED TARSI. HEAD PROPORTIONATELY LARGE;
RATHER OWL-LIKEWITHYELLOW EYES. IN FLIGHT SHOWS LONG,
BROAD WINGS, EVENLYBARRED BELOWAND LACKING DARK
CARPALPATCHES OF OSPREY(P. 45).TAILSQUARE ENDED, WITH
THREE EVENLYSPACED BARS. SOARS ON FLATWINGS;ALSO
HOVERS. JUVENILE LESS STRONGLYMARKED, ESPECIALLY
BELOW. VOICE DISYLLABIC WHISTLING KEE-YO. DISTRIBUTION IN
EGYPT ON PASSAGE IN EASTAND SINAI, WHERE HAS BRED. IN
REGION SUMMER BREEDER THROUGH LEVANTAND NAQAB.
PATCHYBREEDER INARABIA, WHERE MAYBE RESIDENT.
OTHERWISEWIDESPREAD ON PASSAGE. HABITATAND HABITS
SEMI-DESERTS, FOOTHILLS, ROCKYSLOPES,AND OPEN PLAINS
WITHTREES. ELSEWHERE ON PASSAGE. SNAKE SPECIALIST.

Terathopius ecaudatus(Bateleur,‫حكيم‬ ‫)عقاب‬
o Genus: Terathopius
o Scientific name: Terathopius ecaudatus
o Common Name: Bateleur
o Local name: ‫حكيم‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫أو‬
‫المصفق‬ ‫العقاب‬
‫أو‬
‫زيمبابوي‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫أو‬
‫ان‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ح‬
o Synonyms:

It is a medium-sized eagle belonging to the ACCIPITRIDAE. It is
characterized by a downward elongation and short neck and tail.
His dress is multicolored. His head, neck, chest and stomach to
black. Its back is to the streaked wheaten shrub, the outside of its
fall deviates from the blond shrub to the gray, the inside to the
silvery white. Mansrh yellow color redAlenthab blue Bohra.
Native toAfrican countries, lives male and female pairs.
Familiar with the mountains and the valley. The power of snakes
of different sizes and genders. It hunts small antelopes, rails, and
lambs. Its nest is buried in trees.Afemale lays2 to 4 ruminants
and incubates them alone for about four weeks.

Circus aeruginosus(Western Marsh Harrier,‫الغربية‬ ‫المستنقعات‬ ‫)مرزة‬
o Genus: Circus
o Scientific name: Circus aeruginosus
o Common Name: Western Marsh Harrier
o Local name: ‫الغربية‬ ‫المستنقعات‬ ‫مرزة‬
o Synonyms: Eurasian marsh-harrier

Circus aeruginosus(Western Marsh Harrier,‫الغربية‬ ‫المستنقعات‬ ‫)مرزة‬

DESCRIPTION LARGE DARK HARRIER. MALE HAS CHOCOLATE-
BROWN BACKAND MANTLE, PALE BUFF HEAD, NECK,AND
SHOULDERS,AND PALE GREYWINGSAND TAIL. UNDERPARTS
BROWNAND STREAKED. IN FLIGHT NOTE BLACK WING-TIPSAND
PALE GREYRUMP. FEMALE LARGER,APPEARING MAINLYDARK
BROWN BAR PALE BUFF CROWN, FOREHEAD,AND THROAT. IN
FLIGHT DIFFERS FROM BLACK KITE (P. 37) BYROUNDED TAILAND
PALE HEAD. VOICE VOCALWHEN BREEDING.ALARM KECK-EK-EK-
EK ... DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT UNCOMMON IN WINTER IN DELTA
AND NORTHERN LAKES. MORE WIDESPREAD ON PASSAGE. IN
REGION VERYLOCALBREEDER IN NORTHERN LEVANT; FORMERLY
MORE WIDESPREAD. WIDESPREAD THROUGHOUT IN WINTERAND
ON PASSAGE. HABITATAND HABITS MARSHES, REEDBEDS,
RIVERSIDES,AND DAMPFARMLAND. COASTS OVER MARSHLAND
IN BUOYANT FLIGHT, WITHWINGS HELD IN SHALLOW 'V'.
Circus aeruginosus(Western Marsh Harrier, ‫مرزة‬
‫الغربية‬ ‫)المستنقعات‬

Circus cyaneus(Northern Harrier,‫الدجاج‬ ‫)مرزة‬
o Genus: Circus
o Scientific name: Circus cyaneus
o Common Name: Northern Harrier
o Local name: ‫الدجاج‬ ‫مرزة‬
o Synonyms:

NORTHERN HARRIERSARE FOUND THROUGHOUTTHE NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE. IN THEAMERICAS THEYBREED THROUGHOUT
NORTHAMERICAFROMALASKAAND CANADIAN PROVINCES
SOUTH OFTUNDRAREGIONS SOUTHAS FARAS BAJA
CALIFORNIA, NEW MEXICO, TEXAS, KANSAS,AND NORTH
CAROLINA. THEYARE ONLYRARELY SEEN BREEDING IN PARTS
OF THEATLANTIC COASTALSTATES, SUCHAS VERMONT,
RHODE ISLAND,AND MAINEANDARE SIMILARLYRARE IN THE
ARIDAND MOUNTAINOUS WESTERN INTERIOR, INCLUDING
MOST OF CALIFORNIA, OREGON,AND WASHINGTON.THEIR
WINTER RANGE IS FROM SOUTHERN CANADATO THE
CARIBBEANAND CENTRALAMERICA. IN THE PALEARCTIC,
NORTHERN HARRIERS BREED THROUGHOUT EURASIA, FROM
PORTUGALIN THE WEST,TO LAPLANDAND SIBERIAINTHE
NORTH,AND EASTTHROUGH CHINA. THEYWINTER IN
NORTHERNAFRICANAND TROPICALASIA.

Circus macrourus(Pallid Harrier,‫باهتة‬ ‫)مرزة‬
o Genus: Circus
o Scientific name: Circus macrourus
o Common Name: Pallid Harrier
o Local name: ‫باهتة‬ ‫مرزة‬
‫او‬
‫بغثاء‬ ‫مرزة‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION MALE VERYPALE BLUE-GREYABOVEAND WHITE
BELOW. IN FLIGHT NOTE BLACK LIMITED TO NARROW LWEDGE
ON PRIMARIES. RUMPWHITE. FEMALE SIMILAR TO SAME-SIZED
FEMALE MONTAGU'S HARRIER (BELOW), BEING DULLGREY-
BROWNABOVE WITH PALE UNDERPARTS WITH DARK STREAKS.
SHARES MONTAGU'S RATHER OWL-LIKE FACIALPATTERN, BUT
HAS CLEARER LIGHT COLLARAND IN FLIGHTNOTE MORE
UNIFORMLYGREY- BROWNABOVE WITH DARK SECONDARY
COVERTS BELOW.VOICE GENERALLY SILENT. FEMALE UTTERS
THIN WHISTLE. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT RATHER SCARCE ON
PASSAGE, MOSTLYIN EAST INCLUDING SINAI.ALSO WINTERS IN
VALLEYAND DELTA. IN REGION WIDESPREAD BUT SCARCE
THROUGHOUT IN WINTERAND ON PASSAGE. HABITATAND HABITS
GRASSLAND, STEPPES, FARMLAND,AND SEMI-DESERT. ON
MIGRATIONALSO COASTALMARSHES. MALE DISTINCTIVE IF WELL
SEEN. FEMALEAND JUVENILE COMPARE TO MONTAGU'S.

Circus pygargus(Montagu's Hammer,‫مونتاگو‬ ‫)مرزة‬
o Genus: Circus
o Scientific name: Circus pygargus
o Common Name: Montagu's Hammer
o Local name: ‫مونتاگو‬ ‫مرزة‬
o Synonyms: Montagu's Harrier

DESCRIPTION SLIM HARRIER. MALE BLUE-GREYABOVE, DARKER
THAN PALLID HARRIER (ABOVE), WITH BLUE-GREYHEADAND
BREAST FADING TO PALE BELLYAND FLANKS THINLYSTREAKED
BROWN. IN FLIGHT NOTE LONG, SLENDER WINGS, BLACK BAND
ON SECONDARIES,AND EXTENSIVE BLACK WING-TIPS. FEMALE
SIMILAR TO FEMALE PALLID. SIMILAR HEN HARRIER C. CYANEUS
LARGER, BROADER WINGED,AND MORE ROBUST, WITH MALE
LACKING BLACK BAND ON SECONDARIES. VOICE NORMALLY
QUIET BUT CHITER CHIT-IT-IT-IT... WHENALARMED. DISTRIBUTION
IN EGYPT FAIRLYSCARCE ON PASSAGE IN EASTAND SINAI.
ABSENT IN WINTER. IN REGION WIDESPREAD THROUGHOUT ON
PASSAGE. RARE IN WINTER IN SOUTHERNARABIA. HABITATAND
HABITS GENERALLY OPEN COUNTRY, MARSHES,AND FARMLAND.
ALSO SEMI-DESERTS ON PASSAGE. SMALLEST, SLIMMEST
HARRIER, OFTEN SEEN CRUISING WITHWINGS IN SHALLOW 'V'.

Micronisus gabar(Gabar Goshawk,‫جبار‬ ‫)باز‬
o Genus: Micronisus
o Scientific name: Micronisus gabar
o Common Name: Gabar Goshawk
o Local name: ‫جبار‬ ‫باز‬
o Synonyms:

Micronisus gabar(Gabar Goshawk,‫جبار‬ ‫)باز‬

Accipiter gentilis(Northern Goshawk,‫شمالي‬ ‫)باز‬
o Genus: Accipiter
o Scientific name: Accipiter gentilis
o Common Name: Northern Goshawk
o Local name: ‫شمالي‬ ‫باز‬
o Synonyms:

It lives in Europe, northernAsia, NorthAmerica and some parts of NorthAfrica. It
is one of the most common goshawks in the world.This bird prefers to live in
forests such as pine or oak forests.The male northern goshawk ranges in
length from46 to 61 cm and weight 655 to 1.2 grams kilograms and a
wingspan of 89 to 105 centimeters. while females are28 percent larger than
males, ranging in length from58 to 69 cm, weight from 755 g to 1.5 kg, and a
wingspan of 108 to 127 cm. Northern goshawks usually eat medium-sized
birds such as crows, wild ducks, pheasants, partridges, and small mammals
such as squirrels, rabbits and hares.The goshawk hunts in the forest by rapid
flight and often turns between branches and twigs very skillfully in pursuit and
reaches a speed of 61 kilometers per hour.

Accipiter nisus(Eurasian Sparrowhawk,‫األوراسي‬ ‫ق‬ِ‫ش‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬‫)ال‬
o Genus: Accipiter
o Scientific name: Accipiter nisus
o Common Name: Eurasian Sparrowhawk
o Local name: ّ‫ي‬‫األوراس‬ ‫ق‬ِ‫ش‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬‫ال‬
‫أو‬
ّ‫ي‬‫مال‬ِّ‫ش‬‫ال‬ ‫ق‬ِ‫ش‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬‫ال‬
‫أو‬
‫ق‬ِ‫ش‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬‫ال‬ ‫د‬َّ‫مجر‬
o Synonyms: Sparrow hawk

DESCRIPTION SMALL, BROAD-WINGED RAPTOR. DARK SLATE-
GREYABOVE. SMALLER MALE HAS RUFOUS CHEEKSAND BREAST,
AND RUFOUS BARRING ON PALE BELLY. LARGER FEMALE LACKS
RUFOUS, PALE BARRED BROWN-GREYBELOW,AND HAS PALE
SUPERCILIUM. SLENDERYELLOW LEGS. IN FLIGHT NOTE LONG,
DARK-BANDED TAILAND BARRED UNDERWING. ON PASSAGE
SIMILAR LEVANT SPARROWHAWKA. BREVIPES MALE HAS GREY
CHEEKS, UNBARRED TAIL,AND PLAIN UNDERWING,AND FEMALE
HAS RUFOUS BARRING. VOICE LARGELY SILENT OUTSIDE
BREEDING. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPTWIDESPREAD ON PASSAGE,
WITH SOME WINTERING IN DELTA, VALLEY,AND SINAI. IN REGION
LOCALRESIDENT IN LEVANT. WIDESPREAD INWINTERAND ON
PASSAGE THROUGHOUT. HABITATAND HABITS WOODLANDAND
WOOD MARGINS. ON PASSAGEANYWHERE, BUT OFTEN MIGRATES
ALONG MIGRATION CORRIDORS. LEVANT OFTEN IN LARGE
FLOCKS.

Accipiter brevipes(Levant Sparrowhawk,‫)البيدق‬
o Genus: Accipiter
o Scientific name: Accipiter brevipes
o Common Name: Levant Sparrowhawk
o Local name: ‫الشامي‬ ‫الباشق‬
‫أو‬
‫البيدق‬
‫أو‬
ّ‫ي‬‫المشرق‬ ‫الباشق‬
o Synonyms:

These birds are among the smallest of prey, characterized by short and wide
wings, and an elongated tail, an adaptive feature that enables them to
maneuver between trees. The pawns are similar in appearance to the Eurasian
sparrowhawk, but can be distinguished from them by their shorter tail and
tapered wings, which give them a hawk-like appearance.The length of the
pawn ranges between 30 and 37 centimeters, and its wingspan ranges between
63 and 76 centimeters. The female is larger than the male, but the difference is
not noticeable to the same degree as the difference between the sexes of the
Eurasian sparrowhawk.The color of the back is gray in the male, while it is
brown in the female, and the abdomen is white in both. It has a short horny
black beak and yellow feet. Juveniles are brown on the upper body and striped
with dark stripes on the chest. Typical flight of these birds is two flaps,
followed by gliding with the wind. They are a partridge (migratory) that winter
in Egypt, the Levant and Iraq to the southwest of Iran, and they cross in huge
flocks, unlike their relative, the more common Eurasian sparrowhawk.These
sparrowhawks prey on small birds, insects and lizards that live in woodlands
On the element of surprise, she jumps from one perch to another, then pounces
on her expulsion and takes her by surprise.

Buteo buteo(Common Buzzard,‫األوراسية‬ ‫)السقاوة‬
o Genus: Buteo
o Scientific name: Buteo buteo
o Common Name: Common Buzzard
o Local name: ‫األوراسية‬ ‫السقاوة‬
‫أو‬
‫المألوفة‬ ‫السقاوة‬
‫أو‬
‫ق‬ِ‫ْم‬‫ي‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ح‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION MEDIUM-SIZED, BROAD-WINGED RAPTOR.
VARIABLE; MOST NUMEROUS RACE IN REGION IS 'STEPPE
BUZZARD' B. B. VULPINUS. RATHER PLAIN BROWNABOVE,
VARYING FROM DARK THROUGH GREY-BROWN TO REDDISH-
RUFOUS, OFTEN WITH PALER BREAST-BANDAND EYEBROW.
UNDERPARTS VARIABLE, NORMALLY BARRED OR STREAKED. BILL
YELLOWWITH DARK TIP. IN FLIGHT NOTE PLAIN RUFOUS TAIL
WITH NARROW DARK TERMINALBAND (ABSENT IN JUVENILE).
FROM BELOW NOTE CONTRASTING DARK COVERTS OR MORE
RUFOUS, WITH SMALL, DISCREET DARK CARPALPATCH. VOICE
RATHER TREMULOUS MEW. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT COMMON ON
PASSAGE ESPECIALLYIN SINAIAND EASTERN DESERTAND NILE
CORRIDOR. IN REGION VERYLOCALBREEDER IN LEVANT.
WIDESPREAD ON PASSAGETHROUGHOUT. RARE IN WINTER.
HABITATAND HABITS WOODLANDAND TREED HILLSIDES. ON
PASSAGEANYWHERE BUT FREQUENTLY MIGRATES, OFTEN IN
LARGE CONGREGATIONS,ALONG MIGRATION CORRIDORS.

Buteo rufinus(Long-legged Buzzard,‫الساقين‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫)السقاوة‬
o Genus: Buteo
o Scientific name: Buteo rufinus
o Common Name: Long-legged Buzzard
o Local name: ‫الساقين‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫السقاوة‬
‫أو‬
‫الجراح‬ ‫الصقر‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION VERYLIKE 'STEPPE BUZZARD' B. B. VULPINUS, BUT
LARGERAND LONGER WINGED.VARIABLE, FROM DARK THROUGH
RUFOUS TO PALE, BUT OVERALLFAIRLYUNIFORM BROWN WITH
PALER HEADAND BREASTWITH DARKER BELLYAND TROUSERS;
IN RACE CIRTENSIS MORE RUFOUS. IN FLIGHT NOTE PLAIN
RUFOUS TAILGRADING TO WHITISH RUMPAND NO BLACK BAND.
FROM BELOW DISTINCT CARPALPATCH BLACK, ESPECIALLYIN
PALE BIRDS. VOICE MEWAS 'STEPPE'S'. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT
LOCALBREEDER MAINLYIN SINAI. MORE WIDESPREAD,
ESPECIALLY IN EAST, ON PASSAGE;AFEWWINTER. IN REGION
RESIDENT OVER MUCH OF LEVANTTO NAQABAND PATCHILY
THROUGHARABIAAND GULF. WIDESPREAD IN WINTERAND ON
PASSAGE. HABITATAND HABITS BREEDS IN MOUNTAINSAND
SEMI-DESERTS. ON PASSAGEAS 'STEPPE'. OFTEN PERCHES ON THE
GROUND. HOVERS.

Aquila pomarina(Lesser Spotted Eagle,‫صغرى‬ ‫سعفاء‬ ‫)عقاب‬
o Genus: Aquila
o Scientific name: Aquila pomarina
o Common Name: Lesser Spotted Eagle
o Local name: ‫صغرى‬ ‫سعفاء‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫أو‬
‫صغير‬ ‫أرقط‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫أو‬
‫أسفع‬ ‫عقاب‬
o Synonyms:

Aquila pomarina(Lesser Spotted Eagle,‫صغرى‬ ‫سعفاء‬ ‫)عقاب‬

DESCRIPTION MEDIUM-SIZED DARK EAGLE.ADULT DARK BROWN,
PALER ON HEADAND NECK. BROAD WINGSWITH SHORTER
FINGERS THAN IN OTHERAQUILAEAGLESAND SLIM 'TROUSERS'
AT REST. BILLSMALL, BUZZARD-LIKE. FROM BELOW COVERTS
GENERALLY PALER THAN DENSELYBARRED FLIGHT FEATHERS
THATAPPEAR UNIFORM DARK (BARRING CLEARER, MORE OPEN IN
STEPPE EAGLE, OPPOSITE). JUVENILE HAS PROMINENTWHITETIPS
TO COVERTSAND WHITETRAILING EDGE TO WING. FROMABOVE
PALE PATCH ON PRIMARIES. VOICE GENERALLY QUIET ON
PASSAGE. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT FAIRLYCOMMON ON PASSAGE
THROUGH SINAIAND EASTERN PART OF THE COUNTRY. IN REGION
ON PASSAGE THROUGH LEVANT SOUTH TO NAQAB. HABITATAND
HABITS ON PASSAGE IN OPEN COUNTRY, OFTENAROUND
WETLANDS. MIGRATES IN FLOCKS WHERE MAIN CONFUSION IS
WITH LARGER STEPPE.
Aquila pomarina(Lesser Spotted Eagle, ‫سعفاء‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫)صغرى‬

Aquila clanga(Greater Spotted Eagle,‫كبرى‬ ‫سعفاء‬ ‫)عقاب‬
o Genus: Aquila
o Scientific name: Aquila clanga
o Common Name: Greater Spotted Eagle
o Local name: ‫كبير‬ ‫أسفع‬ ‫عقاب‬ ‫او‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫أرقط‬ ‫عقاب‬ ‫او‬ ‫كبرى‬ ‫سعفاء‬ ‫عقاب‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION LARGE, VERYDARK EAGLE.ADULT DARK BROWN
THROUGHOUT, INCLUDING NECKAND HEAD. BROAD WINGED
WITH DEEPFINGERS.ATREST SHOWS FULLER 'TROUSERS' THAN
LESSER SPOTTED EAGLE (OPPOSITE). BILLMODERATELY HEAVY.
FROM BELOW COVERTS GENERALLYAS DARKAS FLIGHT
FEATHERSAND NO DARK BAND ON TRAILING EDGE. FROMABOVE
SHOWS ONLYDIFFUSE PALE PRIMARYPATCH. JUVENILE DARK
AND HEAVILYSPOTTED WHITE (MORE SO THAN LESSER SPOTTED).
FROM BELOW NO PALE BAR OR PRIMARYPATCH (SEE JUVENILE
STEPPE EAGLE, BELOW). VOICE GENERALLY QUIET ON PASSAGE.
DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT RARE WINTERVISITORTO DELTAAND
ALSO ON PASSAGE IN EAST. IN REGION ON PASSAGETHROUGHOUT
BUT GENERALLY RARE.AFEWWINTER. HABITATAND HABITS LESS
OPEN COUNTRYTHAN LESSER-SPOTTEDAND STEPPE. OFTEN IN
VICINITYOF MARSHESAND WETLANDS WITHWOODS.

Aquila rapax(Tawny Eagle,‫أصحم‬ ‫)عقاب‬
o Genus: Aquila
o Scientific name: Aquila rapax
o Common Name: Tawny Eagle
o Local name: ‫أصحم‬ ‫عقاب‬
o Synonyms:

AQUILARAPAX PLUMAGE VARIES FROM VERYDARK BROWN TO LIGHT
BROWN SHADES WITH BLACKISH FLIGHT FEATHERSAND TAIL, LIGHT
COLORED STRIPES OR BARS ONTHEWINGS,ANDAPALE LOWER BACK.
TAWNYEAGLES WITH DARKER SHADES OF BROWN GENERALLYHAVE
TAWNYCOLORATION ONTHE BODY, DISTINGUISHING THEM FROM
SIMILAR SPECIES OF EAGLES,WHICH LACKANYTAWNYCOLORATION. THE
EYESARE BROWNAND THE BEAK ISYELLOWWITHADARK TIP. FEMALES
ARETYPICALLYLARGER THAN MALES, OTHERWISE THE SEXESARE
SIMILAR. IMMATURE TAWNYEAGLESARE PALERAND MORE STREAKED
THANAREADULTS, SOMETIMES "BLONDE" (WHITE). TAWNYEAGLESWERE
THOUGHTTO BE SYNONYMOUS WITH STEPPE EAGLES (AQUILA
NIPALENSIS). STEPPE EAGLESARE LARGER THAN TAWNYEAGLES (UPTO
TWICE THE SIZE INWEIGHT)ANDARE DARKER IN COLOR.TAWNY EAGLES
FAVORARID CLIMATES BUTOCCUPYAWIDE RANGE OF HABITATS
INCLUDING DESERTS, STEPPES, OPEN SAVANNAH, OPEN GRASSLAND,
MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS,AND CULTIVATED STEPPES. THETENDTOAVOID
DENSE FORESTS.

Aquila nipalensis(Steppe Eagle,‫السهوب‬ ‫)عقاب‬
o Genus: Aquila
o Scientific name: Aquila nipalensis
o Common Name: Steppe Eagle
o Local name: ‫السهوب‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫أو‬
‫السهول‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫أو‬
‫البادية‬ ‫عقاب‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION LARGE TO VERYLARGE; LARGER THAN VERY
SIMILAR 'SPOTTED EAGLES'.ADULT DARK BROWN THROUGHOUT
WITH LONG, BROAD WINGS, DEEPLYFINGERED,ANDATREST
SHOWS HEAVY'TROUSERS'. YELLOW GAPE EXTENDS BACK TO
REAR OF EYE. FROM BELOW, PALER BIRDS SHOW DARK CARPAL
PATCHAND DARK TRAILING EDGE. FLIGHT FEATHERS HAVE
EVENLYSPACED BARSAND FROMABOVE PALE PRIMARYPATCH.
IMMATURE HAS DISTINCT PALE MARGINS TO COVERTS FORMING
PALE BARACROSS WING,AND PALE PRIMARYPATCH. NARROW
PALE BASE TO TAIL. VOICE GENERALLY SILENT. DISTRIBUTION
FAIRLYCOMMON IN EGYPT ON PASSAGE, PARTICULARLY
THROUGH SINAIAND EASTERN DESERT. IN REGION WIDESPREAD
THROUGHOUT ON PASSAGE; RARER IN WINTER. HABITATAND
HABITS OPEN COUNTRY, PLAINS,AND SEMI-DESERTS.ALSO
WETLANDSAND HILLS. ON MIGRATION IN LARGE
CONCENTRATIONS.

Aquila heliaca(Eastern Imperial Eagle,‫الشرقية‬ ‫العقبان‬ ‫)ملكة‬
o Genus: Aquila
o Scientific name: Aquila heliaca
o Common Name: Eastern Imperial Eagle
o Local name: ‫الشرقية‬ ‫العقبان‬ ‫ملكة‬
‫أو‬
‫ة‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫َاط‬‫خ‬
‫أو‬
‫ة‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ئ‬‫َا‬‫خ‬
‫أو‬
‫قيصرية‬ ‫عقاب‬
o Synonyms:

Aquila heliaca(Eastern Imperial Eagle,‫الشرقية‬ ‫العقبان‬ ‫)ملكة‬

THE IMPERIALEAGLE ISTHE SECOND LARGEST EAGLETO RESIDE IN
EUROPE. ITCAN GROWTOALENGTH OFABOUT 0.92 METERS. ITCAN
HAVEAWINGSPANAPPROACHING 2.14 METERSAND HAVEAMASS OF
ABOUT 3.6 KILOGRAMS.ADULTSARE BLACK-BROWN IN COLOR. THEY
HAVEAPALE GOLDEN CROWNAND NAPE,ANDAGREYBASE THAT
EXTENDS TOTHETAIL.THEYALSO HAVE VERYAPPARENTWHITE
"BRACES" ONTHEIR SCAPULARS. JUVENILESARE PALERAND MORE
VARIEGATED THAN THEADULTS. THEYAREYELLOW-BROWN WITH
RUMP, WING,AND TAILPATTERNS SIMILAR TOTHE PATTERNS OFTHE
LESSER SPOTTED, PALE SPOTTED, TAWNYAND STEPPE EAGLES.THEY
ARE DISTINGUISHED FROM THESE EAGLES, HOWEVER, BYTHE BOLDER
STREAKS ONTHEIR UNDER-WINGSAND BODY, THE LACK OFAPALE
BAND UNDER THEWING-COVERTS,AND THEIR LARGERAND MORE
MAJESTIC BUILD. BOTH THE JUVENILESANDADULTS HAVE
NOTICEABLYPROTRUDING HEADAND LONG, PARALLEL-EDGED
WINGS. LIKE OTHER EAGLES, THEYHAVE STRONG LEGSAND FEET.
THEIR FEETINCLUDE LONG, CURVED TALONS THATTHEYUSE TO SEIZE,
KILLAND CARRYTHEIR PREY.THEYALSO HAVE LARGE EYESTHATARE
LOCATED SLIGHTLYTOTHE SIDE OF THE HEAD. THESE EYES PROVIDE
THEMWITH EXTREMELYKEEN EYESIGHT,ALLOWING THEM TO SPOT
PREYFROM HIGH INTHEAIR.
Aquila heliaca(Eastern Imperial Eagle, ‫العقبان‬ ‫ملكة‬
‫)الشرقية‬

Aquila chrysaetos(Golden Eagle,‫الذهبي‬ ‫قاب‬ُ‫ع‬‫)ال‬
o Genus: Aquila
o Scientific name: Aquila chrysaetos
o Common Name: Golden Eagle
o Local name: ‫الذهبية‬ ‫قاب‬ُ‫ع‬‫ال‬
‫أو‬
ّ‫ي‬‫الذهب‬ ‫قاب‬ُ‫ع‬‫ال‬
‫أو‬
‫اعة‬ّ‫م‬َ‫ل‬‫ال‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION VERYLARGE, POWERFULEAGLE.ADULT DARK
BROWN THROUGHOUT, PALER ON WING-COVERTS,AND WITH
RUSTY-YELLOW ON BACK OF NECK. POWERFULBILL,YELLOW
WITH DARK TIP. IN FLIGHT NOTE PALER UPPERWING- COVERTS.
BELOWALLDARK, WITH PALER FLIGHTFEATHERS BANDED DARK
AND WITH BROAD DARK TIPS. NOTE CURVED REAR EDGE TO
WING.TAILLONGAND BANDED. IMMATURE BIRDS HAVEWHITE
TAILWITH BROAD DARK TERMINALBANDAND CLEAR WHITE
PATCHES ON WING.VOICE GENERALLY SILENT.THIN WHISTLE
RECORDED IN FLIGHT. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT RARE RESIDENT IN
NORTHEASTERN SINAI. SCARCE INWINTER, GENERALLY IN EAST.
IN REGION VERYLOCALRESIDENT BREEDER IN LEVANTAND
ARABIATO SOUTHERN GULFAND OMAN. SOME WINTER
DISPERSAL. HABITATAND HABITS MOUNTAINS, BARREN OR
WOODED, MORE OPEN PLAINS,AND SEMI-DESERTS.

Aquila verreauxii(Verreaux's Eagle,‫َّة‬‫ي‬‫ار‬َّ‫د‬‫الخ‬ ‫قاب‬ُ‫ع‬‫)ال‬
o Genus: Aquila
o Scientific name: Aquila verreauxii
o Common Name: Verreaux's Eagle
o Local name: ‫َّة‬‫ي‬‫ار‬َّ‫د‬‫الخ‬ ‫قاب‬ُ‫ع‬‫ال‬
‫أو‬
‫األفريقية‬ ‫السوداء‬ ‫العقاب‬
o Synonyms:

Aquila verreauxii(Verreaux's Eagle,‫َّة‬‫ي‬‫ار‬َّ‫د‬‫الخ‬ ‫قاب‬ُ‫ع‬‫)ال‬

Aquila wahlbergi(Wahlberg's Eagle,‫والبيرغ‬ ‫)عقاب‬
o Genus: Hieraaetus
o Scientific name: Hieraaetus wahlbergi
o Common Name: Wahlberg's Eagle
o Local name: ‫والبيرغ‬ ‫عقاب‬
o Synonyms: Aquila wahlbergi

It is a medium-sized raptor, and the sexes are similar. It is about 53–61 cm (21–24
in) in length with a wingspan of130–146 cm (51–57 in) and a body mass of
437–845 g (15.4–29.8 oz) for males and 670–1,400 g (24–49 oz) for females
on average.The head has a small crest, and the legs are yellow. The plumage
tone is variable but may be dark brown except for dark-streaked grey
undersides to the flight feathers, and a barred grey undertail. Light and dark
plumage phases occur.Apale variant may be much lighter brown with whitish,
rather than grey undertail and flight feather undersides.The pale variant is
much less common than the darker variant.Wahlberg's eagle is distributed from
central Chad to the north-east coast of SouthAfrica. Its western boundary is
thought to be Cameroon, although it most commonly occurs further east across
the continent. Within this large range, it usually remains between sea-level and
1,800 m (5,900 ft), but has also been documented at an altitude of 2,800 m
(9,200 ft) in Ethiopia.

Hieraaetus pennata(Booted Eagle,‫صغرى‬ ‫مسيرة‬ ‫)عقاب‬
o Genus: Hieraaetus
o Scientific name: Hieraaetus pennata
o Common Name: Booted Eagle
o Local name: ‫صغرى‬ ‫مسيرة‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫او‬
‫المسيرة‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫او‬
‫المنتعلة‬ ‫عقاب‬
o Synonyms: Aquila pennata

DESCRIPTION SMALLEAGLE WITHTWO COLOR PHASES. PALE
PHASE BROWNABOVE WITHWHITISH UNDERPARTS, INCLUDING
UNDERWING-COVERTS, BUT DARKER HEADAND NECK. DARK
PHASE HAS SLIGHTLYSTREAKED DARK RUFOUS-BROWN TO
RUFOUS UNDERPARTS,AND IN FLIGHT NOTE DARK MID- WING
BARAND PALE PATCH ON UPPERWING. TAILSQUARE WITH SHARP
'CORNERS', PLAIN OR ONLYLIGHTLYBANDED. COMPARED WITH
BUZZARDS NOTE FEATHERED TARSIATRESTAND MORE DEEPLY
FINGERED WINGS IN FLIGHT. VOICE QUIET ON PASSAGE, WITH
BUZZARD-LIKE MEW RECORDED. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT,
RATHER SCARCE PASSAGE MIGRANTTHROUGH SINAI, EASTERN
DESERTTO VALLEY. IN REGION VERYLOCALBREEDER IN
NORTHERN LEVANT. OTHERWISEWIDESPREAD ON PASSAGE
THROUGHOUT, WITHAFEWWINTERING INARABIA. HABITATAND
HABITS BREEDS INWOODLAND. ON PASSAGE MORE OPEN
COUNTRY, SEMI-DESERTS,AND SCRUB.

Hieraaetus fasciatus(Bonelli's Eagle,‫بونلي‬ ‫)عقاب‬
o Genus: Hieraaetus
o Scientific name: Hieraaetus fasciatus
o Common Name: Bonelli's Eagle
o Local name: ‫بونلي‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫او‬
‫كبرى‬ ‫مسيرة‬ ‫عقاب‬
‫او‬
‫مخطط‬ ‫عقاب‬
o Synonyms: Aquila fasciatus

DESCRIPTION MEDIUM-LARGE, SLIM, BROAD-WINGED EAGLE.
ADULT RATHER UNIFORM GREY- BROWNABOVE WITHWHITISH
PATCH ON MANTLE. UNDERPARTS WHITISH-PALE FINELY
STREAKED DARK. POWERFULYELLOW BILLWITH DARK TIP. IN
FLIGHT NOTE DARK UNDERWING WITH BLACK CARPALPATCH
AND WING-BAR FROM BELOW, VERYSTRAIGHTTRAILING EDGE
TO SECONDARIES,AND GREY, SQUARE-ENDED TAILWITH BROAD
DARK TERMINALBAND. JUVENILE HAS PLAIN RUFOUS
UNDERPARTSAND DENSELYBARRED TAIL. VOICE SILENT ON
PASSAGE. DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT LOCALRESIDENT BREEDER IN
SOUTH SINAI, MORE WIDESPREADAFTER WINTER DISPERSALAND
PASSAGE. IN REGION PATCHILYDISTRIBUTED, RESIDENT FROM
SOUTHERN LEVANTTHROUGHARABIAAND GULF WITH SOME
WINTER DISPERSAL. HABITATAND HABITS BREEDS IN ROCKY
HIGHLANDSAND WOODED HILLS, DISPERSING OVER MORE OPEN
COUNTRY, INCLUDING SEMI-DESERTSAND DESERT MARGINS.

Pandion haliaetus(osprey (
‫نساري‬ ‫عقاب‬
,
o Family: pandionidea
(ospreys)
o Genus: Pandion
o Scientific name: Pandion haliaetus
o Common Name: osprey
o Local name: ِ
‫ار‬َ‫س‬ُّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ‫أو‬ ُّ‫ي‬ ِ
‫ار‬َ‫س‬ُّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ‫أو‬ ُ‫ط‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ش‬‫ال‬
‫ي‬ ِ
‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ‫أو‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬
ُّ ُُ
o Synonyms: Aquila fasciatus

,

DESCRIPTION MEDIUM-LARGE RAPTOR TIED TO WATER.
UPPERPARTS DARK BROWN.WHITE BELOW. HEAD WHITEWITH
DARK STRIPE THROUGH EYEAND DOWN SIDE OF NECK. TAIL
RATHER SHORTISH, BANDED DARK WITH BROAD TERMINAL
BAND. WINGS LONGAND MARKEDLYANGLED IN FLIGHT. LEGS
AND FEET BLUE-GREY. VOICE VOCAL. CALLLOUD PEE-EP.
DISTRIBUTION IN EGYPT BREEDSALONG RED SEACOASTAND
SINAI, CHIEFLYON OFFSHORE ISLANDS.ALSO INLAND ON
PASSAGEAND IN WINTER ON NILEAND LAKES, FOR EXAMPLE
QARUN. IN REGION WIDESPREAD ON PASSAGE, BREEDING ON
ARABIAN GULFAND RED SEACOASTS. HABITATAND HABITS
INLANDAND COASTALWATERS. IN REGION GENERALLY NESTS ON
THE GROUND, OFTEN IN LOOSE COLONIES, FOR EXAMPLE IN
EGYPTIAN RED SEA. FISHES OVER OPEN WATER, HOVERINGAND
PLUNGING INAFTER PREY. OFTEN PERCHES PROMINENTLY ON
MASTS, MANGROVES,AND SIMILAR.
,

Falco naumanni(Lesser Kestrel (
‫عويسق‬
,
o Order: Falconiformes
(falcons and kestrels)
o Family: Falconidae
(Falcons)
o Genus: Falco
o Scientific name: Falco naumanni
o Common Name: Lesser Kestrel
o Local name: ‫عويسق‬
o Synonyms:

Falco naumanni(Lesser Kestrel, (
‫ع‬
‫ويسق‬

Falco naumanni(Lesser Kestrel, (
‫ع‬
‫ويسق‬
This small falcon has a length of 30-36 cm with long pointed wings.
The long tail has a broad black terminal band. This falcon has strong
sexual dimorphism in its plumage. Males have a chestnut back and a
blue-grey crown, neck, rump, and tail. Their belly is a creamy pink
with small brown streaks. The eye ring is bright yellow while the
feet are an orange-yellow. The undersides of the wings are white
with a black tip. Females have a brown back and head with a pale
belly. Both the back and belly are streaked with brown. The wings
are also light with dark barring and black tips. Juvenile lesser
kestrels look similar to the females.Lesser kestrels are found in
bushed, wooded, and open grassland and cultivation. They nest on
mountain slopes, gorges, deep ravines, and other rocky terrain, all of
which must have open areas around them for the birds to hunt. They
are found most numerously in highland farming regions and on
grassy plains during the winter range.

Falco tinnunculus(Common Kestrel, (
‫شائع‬ ‫عويسق‬
(Falcons)
o Genus: Falco
o Scientific name: Falco tinnunculus
o Common Name: Common Kestrel
o Local name: ‫شائع‬ ‫عويسق‬
o Synonyms:

‫ع‬
‫شائع‬ ‫ويسق‬

‫ع‬
‫شائع‬ ‫ويسق‬
Falco tinnunculus is among the smallest of all raptors. Adults range
in weight from 150 to 190 g, with females tending to be larger than
males. Common kestrels have longer tails and wingspans relative to
their body size than most other falcons, which allow them to be
easily distinguished from related species. Common kestrel plumage
ranges from gray to brown. The back is usually a darker color than
the breast, both are covered in dark brown or black spots. The wings
are tipped in black on the dorsal side and are pale underneath. Males
often have a more bluish-gray heads and tails. Females are more of a
reddish-brown color and have barring on the tail. In both sexes, there
is a darker stripe or spot underneath each eye.Common kestrels
prefer open, grassy fields and farmlands, which give them sufficient
open areas to hunt. They can sometimes be found in forested areas
and marshlands. Common kestrels occupy a wide range of altitudes,
from sea level to almost 5000 m.

Falco vespertinus(Red-footed Falcon, (
‫القدمين‬ ‫أحمر‬ ‫صقر‬
(Falcons)
o Genus: Falco
o Scientific name: Falco vespertinus
o Common Name: Red-footed Falcon
o Local name: ‫اللزيق‬
‫أو‬
‫األحمر‬ ‫العويسق‬
o Synonyms:

Falco columbarius(Merlin, (
‫يؤيؤ‬
(Falcons)
o Genus: Falco
o Scientific name: Falco columbarius
o Common Name: Merlin
o Local name: ‫يؤيؤ‬
o Synonyms:

‫يؤيؤ‬

‫يؤيؤ‬
Male merlins have slaty blue, purplish, or dark umber-brown upper
parts, streaked with black from the crown to shoulders and back. The
tail is barred by dark umber-brown or blackish bands and is tipped in
white. The underparts are cream to a rich buff with heavy
longitudinally streaks of dark umber-brown or black coloration,
except for the throat which is an unmarked white. The sides of the
head are buff with fine darker streakings. The forehead and line
above the eye is white. The beak is bluish horn; the cere and feet are
chromo yellow; the claws are black; and the iris is deep
brown.Females and young are similiar to males in their markings,
but differ from males in coloration. The upperparts are dark brown.
The neck is streaked with lighter brown and the tail is banded in
yellow bars with a white tip.Merlins favor open country, preferring
grasslands, seashores, sand dunes, marshlands, steppes, and deserts.
Merlins rarely live in forested areas throughout much of their range,
but frequently breed in coniferous forests of the Northern
Hemisphere.

Falco subbuteo(Eurasian Hobby, (
‫شويهين‬
(Falcons)
o Genus: Falco
o Scientific name: Falco subbuteo
o Common Name: Eurasian Hobby
o Local name: ‫شويهين‬
o Synonyms:

‫شويهين‬

Falco eleonorae(Eleonora's Falcon, (
‫أسحم‬ ‫صقر‬
(Falcons)
o Genus: Falco
o Scientific name: Falco eleonorae
o Common Name: Eleonora's Falcon
o Local name: ‫أسحم‬ ‫صقر‬
‫أو‬
‫اليونورا‬ ‫صقر‬
o Synonyms:

Eleonora’s falcons are medium-sized falcons, of similar length to peregrine
falcons (F. peregrinus), but much lighter in weight and build. Like all other
falcons, Eleonora’s falcons show reversed sexual size dimorphism, with
females on average slightly larger than males. Males vary in length from 37
to 43 cm, females from 38.5 to 45.5 cm, and in weight, males range from
350 to 390 g, females from 340 to 460 g. The shortest wingspan
measurement for an Eleonora’s falcon was 84 cm, while large females may
have a wingspan of up to 103 cm. Eleonora’s falcons have long, narrow
wings that exceed the tip of the long tail when folded. There are two color
morphs, a light and a dark morph. Dark morph birds are all brown, and may
appear black from a distance. The male’s cere is yellow in color while the
female’s is blue-gray. Light morph birds are also dark brown above and buff
to rufous below with dark streaking. The light morph also shows the typical
dark moustache stripe.Eleonora’s falcons commonly breed on the ground on
small, rocky, undisturbed islands with little vegetation. On larger islands,
such as Sicily and Sardinia, and on the mainland in Africa and Turkey, they
seek inaccessible coastal cliffs to breed. They hunt over the open sea, as
well as over wetlands, grasslands, and sometimes woodlands. Nest sites are
found from sea-level to an elevation of 2,000 meters.

Falco concolor(Sooty Falcon, (
‫أسخم‬ ‫صقر‬
(Falcons)
o Genus: Falco
o Scientific name: Falco concolor
o Common Name: Sooty Falcon
o Local name: ‫األسخم‬ ‫الصقر‬
‫أو‬
‫الغروب‬ ‫صقر‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION Slender, long-winged falcon. Uniform slate-grey
throughout with darker primaries and on tail. Cere, eye-ring, legs
and feet yellow. Wing-tip reaches tail-tip when perched. Sexes
alike. Juvenile has paler feather margins above and streaked dark
below. Passage male Red-footed Falcon F. vespertinus similar but
with red thighs and vent. Female paler with yellowish head.
VOICE Similar to Common Kestrel's (opposite). DISTRIBUTION
In Egypt summer breeder along Red Sea coast. Also Eastern
Desert, Western Desert, and Sinai. Largely coastal summer breeder
in Arabia, but also inland north to Jordan. Widespread on passage.
HABITAT AND HABITS Bird of rocky deserts and gorges, rocky
sea coasts, and offshore islands. Preys largely on birds and breeds
late to take advantage of autumn migration. Nests singly or in
colonies.

Falco biarmicus(Lanner Falcon, (
‫وكري‬ ‫صقر‬
(Falcons)
o Genus: Falco
o Scientific name: Falco biarmicus
o Common Name: Lanner Falcon
o Local name: ‫الوكري‬ ‫الصقر‬
‫أو‬
‫ر‬ُ‫ح‬‫ال‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION Large, rather narrow-winged falcon. Adult upperparts
blue-grey (juvenile browner); underparts pale and spotted. Head
buffish with dark, slim moustachial stripe. At rest wing-tips reach
tail-tip; tail evenly barred. In flight pale below with streaked
coverts forming darker band. Rare Saker Falcon F. cherrug larger
and heavier, tawny brown with pale head and thin moustachial
stripe. VOICE At breeding sites kra-ee kra-ee kra-ee.
DISTRIBUTION In Egypt, resident breeder over much of Valley,
southern Delta, Western Oases, Eastern Desert, and Sinai.
Localized breeder in Levant and Arabia. Widespread throughout
Region on passage. HABITAT AND HABITS Hills, wadis,
deserts, and open country. Preys largely on birds caught in open
flight or stoop (slower than Peregrine Falcon, below).

Falco cherrug(Saker Falcon, (
‫الغزال‬ ‫صقر‬
(Falcons)
o Genus: Falco
o Scientific name: Falco cherrug
o Common Name: Saker Falcon
o Local name: ‫الغزال‬ ‫صقر‬
‫أو‬
‫الشروقي‬ ‫الصقر‬
‫أو‬
‫الحر‬ ‫الصقر‬
o Synonyms:

Sakers exhibit great variation in color and pattern, ranging from a fairly
uniform chocolate brown color to a cream or straw base with brown bars or
streaks to brown-eyed leucistic individuals, which are especially prized by
Arab falconers. In general, sakers have white or pale spots on the inner webs
of their tail feathers, rather than the bars of color that are common among
other desert falcons. As the underwing is usually pale, it has a translucent
appearance when contrasted against the dark axillaries and primary
tips.Saker females are markedly larger than males; females typically weigh
970 to 1300 g (average 1135 g), have an average length of 55 cm, and a
wingspan of 120 to 130 cm. Males usually weigh from 730 to 990 grams
(average 840 g), are about 45 cm long on average, and have a wingspan of
100 to 110 cm.As with other falcons, sakers have sharp, curved talons, used
primarily for grasping prey. Sakers use their powerful, hooked beak to sever
the prey’s vertebral column.Sakers occupy stick nests in trees, about 15 to
20 meters above the ground, in parklands and open forests at the edge of the
tree line. No one has ever observed a saker falcon building its own stick
nest; they generally occupy abandoned nests of other bird species, and
sometimes even drive owners from an occupied nest. In the more rugged
areas of their range, sakers have been known to use nests on cliff ledges,
about 8 to 50 meters above the base.

Falco peregrinus(Peregrine Falcon, (
‫شاهين‬
(Falcons)
o Genus: Falco
o Scientific name: Falco peregrinus
o Common Name: Peregrine Falcon
o Local name: ‫الشاهين‬
‫أو‬
‫الجوال‬ ‫الصقر‬
o Synonyms:

‫شاهين‬

‫شاهين‬
DESCRIPTION Large, powerful falcon. Sexes similar but female
considerably larger than male. Slate-grey above; white, barred dark
below. Dark head with broad moustachial stripe and white throat.
Flight silhouette cigar shaped with pointed, broad-based wings and
rather short tail. Barbary Falcon F. pelegrinoides smaller, paler and
browner, with rufous on nape, sometimes considered conspecific.
VOICE Mainly silent. Call harsh rek rek rek... DISTRIBUTION
Widespread on passage and in winter throughout region. Barbary
localized breeding resident in Delta east to Sinai and throughout
Arabia north to Jordan. In Egypt, Barbary localized breeding.
HABITAT AND HABITS Open habitats, mountains, and cliffs.
Also, sea-coast sand marshes; even cities (Cairo, Alexandria).
Barbary breeds in mountains, desert wadis, and semi-deserts.
Hunts prey the size of pigeons and partridges, often stooping at
immense speed from a great height.

Falco pelegrinoides(Barbary Falcon, (
‫بربري‬ ‫شاهين‬
(Falcons)
o Genus: Falco pelegrinoides(Barbary Falcon, (
o Scientific name: Falco pelegrinoides(Barbary Falcon, (
‫شاهين‬
‫بربري‬
o Common Name: Falco pelegrinoides(Barbary Falcon, (
o Local name: Falco pelegrinoides(Barbary Falcon, (
o Synonyms:

It is similar to the peregrin falcon, but smaller at 33–39 cm (13-15.3
inch) length with a wingspan of 76–98 cm (30-38.6 inch). It has
characteristic plumage, and adults can be recognised from
peregrines. Some regard it as a distinct species since it is
specialised to a desert environment. Recently, it has been found to
be genetically similar to other subspecies of the peregrine falcon,
so it is now considered a subspecies. The female is larger than the
male. It resembles its relative in general structure. Female Barbary
Falcons are as large as male peregrine falcons. Adults have paler
grey-blue upperparts than the peregrine falcon and often have a
buff wash to the barred underparts, whereas the larger species has a
white background color. The nape is rufous, but this is difficult to
see. Sexes are similar, apart from size, but the young birds have
brown upperparts and streaked underparts. The streaking is lighter
than in the juvenile peregrine falcon. The call is a high-pitched
"rek-rek-rek". The Barbary falcon is native to parts of North and
East Africa. It is also common in the Middle East.

Rostratula benghalensis (Greater Painted Snipe, (
‫مزوقة‬ ‫بكاشينة‬
o Order: Charadriiformes
(shorebirds and relatives)
o Family: Rostratulidae
(painted snipe)
o Genus: Rostratula
o Scientific name: Rostratula benghalensis
o Common Name: Greater Painted Snipe
o Local name: ‫مزوقة‬ ‫بكاشينة‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION Secretive, distinctive wader. Female very dark above.
Head, neck, and upper breast deep chestnut with white eye-stripe.
Underparts clean white with white line extending around corner of
wing. Male brownish-green above with dark barring, and grey-
brown on head, neck, and breast with beige eye-stripe. Underparts
white with beige 'braces' extending over back. Bill pale and slender
with drooping tip. Legs pale yellowish, projecting beyond tail in
flight. VOICE Quiet, but female utters low koot. DISTRIBUTION
Confined to Egypt, where resident in Delta and a few outlying
areas such as Wadi Natrun and Fayoum. Vagrant in Levant and
Arabia. HABITAT AND HABITS Densely vegetated marshes,
ponds, irrigation canals, and ditches. Crepuscular; best seen at
dusk. When flushed note broad, very rounded wings.

Haematopus ostralegus (Eurasian Oystercatcher, (
‫المحار‬ ‫صائد‬
o Family: Haematopodidae
o (Oystercatchers)
o Genus: Haematopus
o Scientific name: Haematopus ostralegus
o Common Name: Eurasian Oystercatcher
o Local name: ‫المحار‬ ‫صائد‬
‫أو‬
‫المحار‬ ‫أكال‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION Large, chunky black and white wader. Pied; black
above including head and chest; in winter has white chin-band. All
white below. Long, straight, bright red bill and red orbital ring.
Legs pinkish. In flight black with white back, rump and black-
tipped white tail. Broad white wing-bar. VOICE Vocal. Loud,
carrying peep in flight and shrill klee klee klee klee... when
agitated. DISTRIBUTION In Egypt scarce winter visitor and on
passage to all coasts. Less common inland on lake shores. In
Region in winter and on passage throughout. HABITAT AND
HABITS Mainly coastal on rocky and sandy coasts, mudflats, and
estuaries. Less often inland on larger waterbodies. Often singly, in
pairs or in small flocks. Feeds with bill aimed down, prodding at
mud or shellfish beds.

Himantopus himantopus(Black-winged Stilt, ‫كرسوع‬
‫أبو‬
‫المغازل‬ )
o Family: Recurvirostridae
o (Avocets and Stilts)
o Genus: Himantopus
o Scientific name: Himantopus himantopus
o Common Name: Black-winged Stilt
o Local name: ‫كرسوع‬
‫أبو‬
‫المغازل‬
o Synonyms:

‫أبو‬

‫أبو‬
DESCRIPTION Extraordinarily long pink legs. Male has black
upperparts and black back to head and neck; duskier in winter.
White face, neck, and underparts. Female browner above with less
dark on head and neck. Bill needle-thin and straight. Legs very
long and pink. In flight white with black wings. VOICE Call
ringing ki ki ki ki or kee-ak. DISTRIBUTION In Egypt probable
breeder in Delta. Widespread in winter and on passage. In Region
localized resident breeder in Syria, southern Levant, and all coasts
of Arabia. Widespread in winter and on passage throughout.
HABITAT AND HABITS Coasts, estuaries, and lagoons. Also
inland on brackish and freshwater lakes and ponds. Wades through
water, often in company of other waders, when unmistakeable.

Recurvirostra avosetta(PiedAvocet,‫القديم‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫)نكات‬
o Family: Charadriiformes
o Genus: Recurvirostra
o Scientific name: Recurvirostra avosetta
o Common Name: Pied Avocet
o Local name: ‫القديم‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫نكات‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION Elegant black and white wader. Largely white with
black down sides of back, coverts and primaries, and on head,
nape, and back of neck. Bill black, long, very slender, and strongly
upturned. Legs long and pale blue. In flight pied with all-white tail
and rump and legs projecting. VOICE Call loud kloop kloop
kloop... DISTRIBUTION In Egypt in winter and on passage on all
coasts. Less common inland. Possible rare breeder. In Region in
winter and on passage throughout. Localized breeder in Levant,
Gulf, and eastern Arabia. HABITAT AND HABITS Mainly coastal
on estuaries, mudflats, sandbanks, and lagoons. Also inland on
large areas of shallow water, especially saline water. Feeds walking
through the water, sweeping distinctive bill from side to side.

Dromas ardeola(Crab Plover,‫ور‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ح‬‫)ال‬
o Family: Dromadidae
(Crab Plover)
o Genus: Dromas
o Scientific name: Dromas ardeola
o Common Name: Crab Plover
o Local name: ‫ور‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ح‬‫ال‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION Distinctive, large black and white wader. Largely
white above with black back and primaries. Head white with very
large, heavy black bill. In winter and juvenile more streaked above.
Legs long and blue-grey. In flight very black and white, with legs
projecting beyond all-white tail and head tucked in. VOICE Noisy
at breeding colonies, with loud chuk-chuk- chuk... Alarm call loud
wedd- dek. DISTRIBUTION In Egypt restricted to southern Red
Sea coast but not proven to breed. Elsewhere in Region localized
resident breeder along Arabian Red Sea coast and Gulf coast with
non- breeding dispersal to all Arabian coasts. HABITAT AND
HABITS Strictly coastal on rocky and sandy shores, mudflats, and
reefs. Colonial breeder unique among waders in nesting in
burrows. Immatures often seen accompanying parent.

Burhinus oedicnemus(Eurasian Stone-curlew,‫صحراوي‬ ‫كروان‬
o Family: Burhinidae
(Thick-knees)
o Genus: Burhinus
o Scientific name: Burhinus oedicnemus
o Common Name: Eurasian Stone-curlew
o Local name: ‫صحراوي‬ ‫كروان‬
o Synonyms:

Burhinus oedicnemus(Eurasian Stone-curlew,‫صحراوي‬ ‫)كروان‬

Burhinus oedicnemus(Eurasian Stone-curlew,‫صحراوي‬ ‫)كروان‬
DESCRIPTION Distinctive, cryptic, streaky brown wader. Streaked
brown above with white belly. At rest shows black-bordered white
wing-bar. Short, rather heavy bill, yellow with dark tip. Large,
'staring' yellow eyes. Legs yellow with prominent tarsi. In flight
wings black and white above, pale below. VOICE In nocturnal
display klurlee, klurlee, klurlee... Also koolee call.
DISTRIBUTION In Egypt common resident throughout Valley,
across North Coast and north Sinai. In Region summer breeder in
Levant south to Naqab. Widespread throughout on passage and in
winter. HABITAT AND HABITS Semi-deserts, plains, agricultural
areas, and open scrub. Walks slowly and deliberately, often
'freezing'.

Burhinus senegalensis(Senegal Thick-knee,‫سنغالي‬ ‫)كروان‬
o Family: Burhinidae
(Thick-knees)
o Genus: Burhinus
o Scientific name: Burhinus senegalensis
o Common Name: Senegal Thick-knee
o Local name: ‫سنغالي‬ ‫كروان‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION Large, rather cryptically colored wader. Streaked
brown above with white belly. Pale greyish wing-panel rather than
bar. Short, rather heavy bill, heavier than Eurasian Stone Curlew's
(above). Large, 'staring' yellow eyes. Legs yellow with prominent
tarsi. In flight wings black and white above, pale below. Pale in
flight, with rather pointed wings. VOICE Far-carrying, mournful
pui pui pui pui... rising to crescendo, then falling. Characteristic
sound at night over much of Egyptian range. DISTRIBUTION In
Region confined to Egypt's Nile Delta and Valley. HABITAT AND
HABITS Open ground generally close to water, lakes and
riversides, and irrigation ditches. Unobtrusive by day; active at
night, attracting attention by call. Can be found in urban areas even
in central Cairo.

Pluvianus aegyptus(Egyptian Plover,‫مصري‬ ‫)قطاط‬
o Family: Glareolidae
(Coursers and Pratincoles)
o Genus: Pluvianus
o Scientific name: Pluvianus aegyptus
o Common Name: Egyptian Plover
o Local name: ‫مصري‬ ‫قطاط‬
‫أو‬
‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ظ‬ ‫أبو‬ ‫ري‬ْ‫ص‬ِ‫م‬ ‫م‬ َ‫ر‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ت‬
o Synonyms:

Cursorius cursor(Cream-colored Courser,‫س‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫غ‬‫أ‬ ‫يل‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ج‬)
o Genus: Cursorius
o Scientific name: Cursorius cursor
o Common Name: Cream-colored Courser
o Local name: ‫الدراج‬
‫أو‬
‫العسلي‬ ‫الكروان‬
‫أو‬
‫جليل‬
‫أو‬
‫س‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫غ‬‫أ‬ ‫يل‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ج‬
‫أو‬
َ‫ب‬ْ‫غ‬‫أ‬ ‫غ‬ُ‫ز‬ْ‫غ‬ُ‫ز‬
‫س‬
o Synonyms:

Glareola pratincola(Collared Pratincole,‫مطوق‬ ‫اليسر‬ ‫)أبو‬
o Genus: Glareola
o Scientific name: Glareola pratincola
o Common Name: Collared Pratincole
o Local name: ‫مطوق‬ ‫اليسر‬ ‫أبو‬
‫أو‬
‫المتوسط‬ ‫سبرة‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION More tern-like than wader. Slim and short necked.
Upperparts uniform olive-brown with slender dark primaries.
Throat creamy-white, bordered black. Tail deeply forked. Bill short
with red base. Legs short and dark. In flight note long, pointed
wings with reddish-brown underwing-coverts and white trailing
edge. Much rarer Black- winged Pratincole G. nordmanni very
similar, with black underwing-coverts; no white margin. VOICE
Abrupt kekk and tern-like chattering. DISTRIBUTION In Egypt
local summer breeder in Delta and Fayoum. More widespread on
passage. In Region very localized summer breeder in Levant and
coastal Arabia; much more widespread on passage. HABITAT
AND HABITS Breeding colonies on dry mudflats and grassland.
Also plains, drier marshland, and saltpans. Very aerial, hawking
insects like large marsh tern, often in flocks.

Glareola nordmanni(Black-winged Pratincole,‫الجناح‬ ‫أسود‬ ‫اليسر‬ ‫)أبو‬
o Genus: Glareola
o Scientific name: Glareola nordmanni
o Common Name: Black-winged Pratincole
o Local name: ‫الجناح‬ ‫أسود‬ ‫اليسر‬ ‫أبو‬
o Synonyms:

Charadrius dubius(Little Ringed Plover, (
‫صغير‬ ‫مطوق‬ ‫قطقاط‬
o Family: Charadriidae
(Plovers)
o Genus: Charadrius
o Scientific name: Charadrius dubius
o Common Name: Little Ringed Plover
o Local name: ‫صغير‬ ‫مطوق‬ ‫قطقاط‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION Very similar to Ringed Plover (below), with same
basic pattern but differs as follows. Appears slimmer and longer
billed. In summer white behind black forecrown, dark bill, and
prominent yellow orbital ring. In winter duller and with pale
orbital ring. Legs longer and pinkish. In flight no white wing-bar.
VOICE Loud pee-ew given in flight. Harsher alarm call, pree.
DISTRIBUTION In Egypt scarce summer breeder in Delta and
northern Valley. More widespread on passage. In Region summer
breeder in Levant, eastern Arabia, and Gulf. On passage
throughout with a few wintering in southern Arabia. HABITAT
AND HABITS Breeds by fresh water on riversides, sandbanks,
and lake shores. Also on coast in winter. Generally singly or in
pairs.

Charadrius hiaticula(Common Ringed Plover, (
‫المطوق‬ ‫الغيث‬ ‫رسول‬
(Plovers)
o Genus: Charadrius
o Scientific name: Charadrius hiaticula
o Common Name: Common Ringed Plover
o Local name: ‫المطوق‬ ‫الغيث‬ ‫رسول‬
‫أو‬
‫المطوق‬ ‫الزقزاق‬
‫أو‬
‫المطوق‬ ‫القطقاط‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION Rather squat, short-billed plover. Upperparts uniform
grey-brown. Head has black mask and forecrown, and complete
white collar, throat, forehead, and supercilium. No distinct eye-
ring. Underparts white with complete black breast-band. Short
orange bill with black tip. In winter black markings replaced by
dark brown and bill all dark. Legs orange to yellow. In flight
shows clear white wing- bar. VOICE Calls include peep and two-
syllable poo-eep. DISTRIBUTION In Egypt fairly common winter
visitor to northern and Red Sea coasts. Also inland. In Region in
winter and on passage widespread throughout. HABITAT AND
HABITS All types of rocky and sandy coasts, mangroves, and
lagoons. Also inland lakes, mudflats, and sandbanks.

Charadrius pecuarius(Kittlitz's Plover, (
‫راعي‬ ‫زقزاق‬
(Plovers)
o Genus: Charadrius
o Scientific name: Charadrius pecuarius
o Common Name: Kittlitz's Plover
o Local name: ‫راعي‬ ‫زقزاق‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION Small, dark 'ringed plover'. Rather dark, mottled
brown above with brown crown. Distinctive head pattern with
white supercilium around to broad white nape. Black mask, lores,
and across forecrown. White forehead and throat. Underparts
washed pale orange-buff. Head markings duller in winter. Fairly
long, dark legs and thin dark bill. In flight toes project beyond tail
(they do not in Kentish Plover, below). VOICE Calls include chik
and drrr. DISTRIBUTION Within Region this African species is an
Egypt specialty. Resident breeder in Delta and Wadi Natrun and
Fayoum. Vagrant elsewhere in Region. HABITAT AND HABITS
Shallow freshwater and saline lakes, lagoons, flats, and pondsides.
Very cryptic on the ground due to mottled upperparts and best
located by movement.

Charadrius tricollaris(Three-banded Plover, (
‫الطوق‬ ‫ثالثي‬ ‫زقزاق‬
(Plovers)
o Genus: Charadrius
o Scientific name: Charadrius tricollaris
o Common Name: Three-banded Plover
o Local name: ‫الطوق‬ ‫ثالثي‬ ‫زقزاق‬
o Synonyms:

Charadrius alexandrinus(Kentish Plover, (
‫اسكندراني‬ ‫قطقاط‬
(Plovers)
o Genus: Charadrius
o Scientific name: Charadrius alexandrinus
o Common Name: Kentish Plover
o Local name: ‫اسكندراني‬ ‫قطقاط‬
‫أو‬
‫اسكندراني‬ ‫زقزاق‬
o Synonyms:

DESCRIPTION Small, pale 'ringed plover'. Summer adult pale sandy-
beige above with white collar, rufous nape, and pale brown crown.
Black through eye and on forecrown, with white forehead and
supercilium. White underparts with incomplete black breast- band.
In winter duller. Thin black bill and black legs. In flight note white
wing-bar and sides to dark tail. VOICE Calls include soft whistle,
and in flight bip or twit. DISTRIBUTION In Egypt common
resident in Delta, Sinai, and northern Red Sea. Also, winter visitor
and on passage throughout. In Region widespread resident breeder
on Mediterranean and Arabian coasts including Gulf. In winter and
on passage throughout. HABITAT AND HABITS Sandy, muddy
and shingle coastlines, estuaries, and lagoons. Inland, lakes, and
freshwater and saline lagoons.

Charadrius mongolus(Lesser Sand Plover, (
‫ق‬
‫الصغير‬ ‫الرمل‬ ‫طقاط‬
(Plovers)
o Genus: Charadrius
o Scientific name: Charadrius mongolus
o Common Name: Lesser Sand Plover
o Local name: ‫ق‬
o Synonyms:

‫ق‬

Charadrius leschenaultii(Greater Sand Plover, (
‫الكبير‬ ‫الرمل‬ ‫قطقاط‬
(Plovers)
o Genus: Charadrius
o Scientific name: Charadrius leschenaultii
o Common Name: Greater Sand Plover
o Local name: ‫الكبير‬ ‫الرمل‬ ‫قطقاط‬
o Synonyms:

Charadrius leschenaultii(Greater Sand Plover, (
‫الكبير‬ ‫الرمل‬ ‫قطقاط‬

Elsharkawy 's research 2023.pptx

Elsharkawy 's research 2023.pptx

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